Yalova University

Screen time is defined as the time spent on many electronic and technological devices such as laptops, tablets, televisions, game consoles, and smartphones. The largest portion of screen time is made up of smartphones, which are currently used at very high rates. The increase in screen time, which describes the time an individual spends in front of technological devices, can pave the way for various physical problems when not controlled. The most important of these problems caused by excessive screen use due to increased smartphone use is postural disorders. Based on this, the original value of this research is to examine and reveal the effects of smartphone use on balance and dual-task performance. Scientific data can be reached on the negative effects of increased screen use caused by smartphone use.

The gold standard device for measuring grip strength is the Jamar® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer. The Jamar® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer is a high-priced device. It has an analog reading feature. The Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer is recommended by the American Association of Hand Therapists and is considered the gold standard because of its high validity and reliability. Due to its cost, the use of this dynamometer is quite limited in certain countries and settings. However, there is a new version, the JAMAR Plus+, which has a digital reading feature. This version is even more expensive. In recent years, the use of less expensive dynamometers for measuring grip strength has become increasingly common in clinical settings and scientific research. In particular, the Camry Dynamometer, which is ten times cheaper, is frequently used. Despite its frequent use in scientific research, a review of the current literature has shown that the validity and reliability of the Camry has not been examined in healthy populations. Our study compares the Jamar® Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer, the gold standard device for measuring grip strength, with the lower cost and lighter handheld digital Camry dynamometer.

Kangaroo care encompasses early and continuous skin-to-skin contact, frequent and regular breastfeeding, early discharge from the hospital, and other supportive care practices necessary for the infant . Through kangaroo care, the transition of newborns from intrauterine to extrauterine life is facilitated, and a strong and secure bond between the mother and the newborn is established. Kangaroo care, which does not require any additional equipment or special preparation, is a safe method that can be easily and frequently implemented due to its numerous benefits. Since maternal and neonatal health affects not only the family but also public health, maternal and neonatal comfort is considered to be of great importance. Kangaroo care is believed to contribute positively to the enhancement of this comfort and the strengthening of the mother-infant bond. Despite the well-documented benefits of kangaroo care in the literature, its implementation in our country has not reached the desired level. This study is planned to determine the effect of kangaroo care education provided to pregnant women in the third trimester on mother-infant bonding and maternal and neonatal comfort.