Cyanocobalamin

The algae P. antarctica has two forms of the enzyme that makes the amino acid methionine, one needing B12, and one that is slower, but doesn't need it. This means it has the ability to adapt and survive with low B12 availability. The presence of the MetE gene in P. antarctica gives the algae the ability to adapt to lower vitamin B12 availability, giving it a potential advantage to bloom in the early austral spring when bacterial production is low. P. antarctica takes in the CO2 and releases oxygen through photosynthesis. Understanding its ability to grow in environments with low vitamin B12 availability can help climate modelers make more accurate predictions. Vitamin B12 deficiency in people can cause a slew of health problems and even become fatal. Until now, the same deficiencies were thought to impact certain types of algae, as well. A new study examined the algae Phaeocystis antarctica's (P. antarctica) exposure to a matrix of iron and vitamin B12 conditions. Results show that this algae has the ability to survive without B12, something that computer analysis of genome sequences had incorrectly indicated. The alga, native to the Southern Ocean, starts as a single-cell that can transform into millimeter scale colonies. The research published in PNAS, "Flexible B12 ecophysiology of Phaeocystis antarctica due to a fusion B12-independent methionine synthase with widespread homologues," conducted by MIT, WHOI, J.C. Venter Institute, and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (UCSD), found that unlike other keystone polar phytoplankton, P. antarctica can survive with or without vitamin B12. "Vitamin B12 is really important to the algae's metabolism and because it allows them to make a key amino acid more efficiently," said Makoto Saito, one of the study's co-authors and senior scientist at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI). "When you can't get vitamin B12, life has ways to make those amino acids more slowly, causing them to grow slower as well. In this case, there's two forms of the enzyme that makes the amino acid methionine, one needing B12, and one that is much slower, but doesn't need B12. This means P. antarctica has the ability to adapt and survive with low B12 availability." Researchers came to their conclusion by studying P. antarctica's proteins in a lab culture, and also searching for key proteins in field samples. During their observation, they found the algae to have a B12-independent methionine synthase fusion protein (MetE). The MetE gene isn't new, but was previously believed not to have been possessed by P. antarctica. MetE gives the algae the flexibility to adapt to low vitamin B12 availability. "This study suggests that the reality is more complex. For most algae, maintaining a flexible metabolism for B12 is beneficial, given how scarce the vitamin's supply is in seawater," said Deepa Rao, lead researcher of the study and former MIT postdoc." Having this flexibility enables them to make essential amino acids, even when they can't obtain enough of the vitamin from the environment. Implying that the classification of algae as B12-requiring or not might be too simplistic" Antarctica, which lives at the base of the food web, has been thought to be entirely controlled by iron nutrition. The discovery of the MetE gene also indicates vitamin B12 likely plays a factor. Because of its presence in P. antarctica, the adaptability of the algae gives it a potential advantage to bloom in the early austral spring when the bacteria that produce B12, are scarcer. This discovery also has implications for climate change. The Southern Ocean, where P. antarctica is found, plays a significant role in the Earth's carbon cycle. P. antarctica takes in the CO2 and releases oxygen through photosynthesis. "As our global climate warms, there's increasing amounts of iron entering the coastal Southern Ocean from melting glaciers," Saito said. "Predicting what the next limiting thing after iron is important, and B12 appears to be one of them. Climate modelers want to know how much algae is growing in the ocean in order to get predictions right and they've parameterized iron, but haven't included B12 in those models yet." "We are particularly interested in knowing more about the extent of strain level diversity. It will be interesting to see if B12 independent strains have a competitive advantage in a warmer Southern Ocean," said co-author of the study Andy Allen, a joint professor at the J. Craig Venter Institute and the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego. "Since there is a cost to B12 independence in terms of metabolic efficiency, an important question is whether or not strains that require B12 might become reliant on B12 producing bacteria." The discovery that P. antarctica has the ability to adapt to minimal vitamin B12 availability turns out to be true for many other species of algae that were also assumed to be strict B12 users previously. The findings from this study will pave the way for future research related to the carbon cycle and how different types of algae survive in the Southern Ocean's cold and harsh environment.

After the success of its resB® Lung Support, ResBiotic introduces prebeet® ENERGY+ highlighting improved digestion, caffeine-free energy, restored skin balance and heart health support. BIRMINGHAM, Ala., Jan. 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ --ResBiotic Nutrition, Inc. (ResBiotic®), a pioneer in microbiome supplements known for its popular resB® Lung Support, proudly announces the launch of prebeet® ENERGY+, a groundbreaking caffeine free, 4-in-1 formula designed to improve digestion (reducing bloat and gas) and regularity, supercharge all-natural energy, enhance skin appearance and strengthen heart health. This latest health supplement is available in a convenient powdered format to mix in with cold water, a smoothie or even yogurt, in the coveted taste of fresh sun-kissed berries. Continue Reading Developed by world-class physicians, prebeet® ENERGY+ operates as a holistic approach to health. The ResBiotic® approach distinguishes itself from typical prebiotic solutions by incorporating restorative ingredients that are well-tolerated, ensuring a digestion-friendly experience free from the common drawbacks associated with caffeine, such as jitters, upset stomach or artificial additives. Developed by world-class physicians, prebeet® ENERGY+ operates as a holistic approach to health. The ResBiotic® approach distinguishes itself from typical prebiotic solutions by incorporating restorative ingredients that are well-tolerated, ensuring a digestion-friendly experience free from the common drawbacks associated with caffeine, such as jitters, upset stomach or artificial additives. "The launch of prebeet® ENERGY+ represents an important stride for ResBiotic® as we continue to introduce individuals to a new, natural and comprehensive solution to approach total body health and resilience," explained C. Vivek Lal, MD, FAAP, Founder & CEO of ResBiotic®. 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Even more, the prebiotic is free of gluten, sugar, caffeine, dairy, soy and artificial ingredients, as well as is vegan, non-GMO, keto friendly and paleo friendly. Just mix 1 scoop to a cup (8-12 oz) of cold water for the perfect way to start or unwind the day. prebeet® ENERGY+ invites individuals to experience a new level of productivity and body comfort in their daily routine. The formula's thoughtful composition ensures that users receive optimal wellness benefits for the whole body in the convenience of a simple, one-minute daily habit. The company also encourages people to learn more about their clinically-studied resB® Lung Support probiotic – the first clinically studied formula to combine live probiotic bacteria strains (RSB11®, RSB12® and RSB13®) with ancient herbs for digestion, immune function and respiratory health – to further support overall health and wellness. prebeet® ENERGY+ and other ResBiotic® supplements are available to purchase on resbiotic.com, and on Amazon as well as select retail locations, which can be found at . About ResBiotic® : ResBiotic Nutrition, Inc. is leading physician-developed microbiome pre/pro/post-biotic supplements that go beyond the gut for whole body restoration. Founded by physician scientists, the company is the culmination of decades of research at the intersection of health and microbiome science. ResBiotic's first product, resB® Lung Support, targets the gut-lung axis with a combination of clinically studied probiotic strains and bioactive botanicals. Dr. Lal, the founder of ResBiotic® is the Director of Clinical Innovation at Marnix Heersink Institute of Biomedical Innovation at University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL. To learn more, visit . SOURCE ResBiotic Nutrition, Inc.