Maze Therapeutics, Inc.

President-elect Donald Trump’s two picks for the Federal Trade Commission are likely to usher in more life sciences deals while maintaining the agency’s pressure on pharmaceutical intermediaries. A review of public statements by Commissioner Andrew Ferguson — Trump’s choice to lead the regulator — and Mark Meador, his pick for another GOP slot, shows a strong focus on big tech and far less about drugmakers. That would be a departure from Biden-era Chair Lina Khan, who has made the pharma industry one of the agency’s primary anti-consolidation targets . Ferguson and Meador have often urged a lighter touch to antitrust, hinting at a more traditional review of consolidation than Khan’s effort to broaden the criteria for challenging biopharma deals . But the two Republicans share Khan’s skeptical view of pharmacy benefit managers, more commonly known as PBMs, that are under the agency’s microscope. Under Khan, the FTC deployed new antitrust theories to challenge pharmaceutical deals with less overlap and transactions involving drugs at early stages of development. Her legal strategy was pulled from a little-noticed workshop that the FTC held in 2022 on antitrust and drug prices, and expressed by challenges of deals between Amgen and Horizon Therapeutics , and Sanofi and Maze Therapeutics . With Ferguson and Meador joining Republican commissioner Melissa Holyoak, experts believe the life sciences industry is now in for an antitrust policy that’s more traditional — though still rigorous at times. “We’re anticipating that merger enforcement will look like the first Trump administration, which was based on traditional legal theories but still aggressive,” said Jeny Maier, a managing partner with Axinn, Veltrop & Harkrider. For example, toward the end of the first Trump administration in 2020, the FTC approved AbbVie’s $65 billion takeover of Allergan, with one stipulation: AbbVie had to divest overlapping drug products. To the majority who approved the deal, that marked an important concession and showed the agency had done its job. But in a blistering dissent that presaged Khan’s more expansive approach, then-Commissioner Rohit Chopra, a Democrat, criticized the FTC for not suing to stop the deal and said the remedy “misses the big picture, allowing pharmaceutical companies to further exploit their dominance.” Chopra’s frustration over the lack of legal action and a perceived failure to look at wider market forces foreshadowed the agency’s 2023 lawsuit to block Amgen’s $28 billion buyout of Horizon. The two companies didn’t sell competing products, but the FTC said that Amgen could use its portfolio of blockbuster medicines to entice payers to favor two Horizon drugs, thwarting potential competition. Ultimately, though, the deal closed with limited concessions. Antitrust expert Michael Carrier, a professor at Rutgers Law School, said he doesn’t expect the FTC to challenge acquisitions like this one in the future. Nor does he anticipate the agency will target deals involving early-stage drugs, like Sanofi’s attempt to acquire a Phase 1 asset from Maze. “Back to traditional pharma antitrust theories like pay for delay, product hopping and citizen petitions,” Carrier said. Under Khan, the FTC wasn’t always as aggressive as some companies feared. Last year, the agency cleared Pfizer’s $43 billion bid for Seagen , after Pfizer agreed to donate the rights to a cancer drug’s royalties to the American Association for Cancer Research. And the agency recently approved Novo Holdings’ $16.5 billion acquisition of Catalent, despite huge political pressure over the price of obesity drugs. But Khan’s FTC likely made some companies think twice about pursuing acquisitions in the first place. The shift in approach under the new picks is anticipated to ease antitrust pressure on dealmaking, experts say. Ferguson, one of two current Republican commissioners on the five-member FTC, in a memo recently obtained by the publication Punchbowl , said he plans to end “Khan’s war on mergers,” including “novel and legally dubious” cases. “Most mergers benefit Americans and promote the movement of capital that fuels innovation. Focus FTC resources on mergers that harm competition and hinder innovation,” the document states. Ferguson will have the power to reopen tougher merger guidelines that the agency debuted last year to crack down on what it called “harmful corporate consolidation.” Two current commissioners, Rebecca Kelly Slaughter and Alvaro Bedoya, in an open letter shared on X , criticized Ferguson’s memo for not mentioning the cost of healthcare or prescription medicines. “The document does propose allowing more mergers, firing civil servants and fighting something called the ‘trans agenda.’ Is all of that more important than the cost of healthcare and groceries and gasoline?” they asked. Bedoya and Slaughter did not respond to a request for comment. Nor did Ferguson or Meador. Meador — a partner at the law firm Kressin Meador Powers, who has worked as an FTC antitrust attorney and former advisor to Sen. Mike Lee (R-UT) — is seen as holding tougher enforcement stances than Ferguson. Still, it’s expected he won’t advance novel theories of harm given his ideological underpinnings. “We will continue to see active merge enforcement, but there’s a lot of traditional, accepted theories that the agency can apply,” former FTC official and antitrust attorney James Fishkin said. (Ferguson can be elevated to FTC chair without US Senate confirmation because of his current role as commissioner, while Meador must undergo a formal confirmation process.) It doesn’t seem the FTC is in for wholesale change when it comes to PBMs, an issue that’s attracted bipartisan support in Congress as well. In September, the agency sued CVS Caremark, Cigna’s Express Scripts, and UnitedHealth Group’s Optum Rx, alleging the companies are artificially inflating the cost of insulin. That followed an interim FTC report that called for further investigation into the consolidated PBM industry that was characterized as pushing around competing pharmacies and extracting favorable financial outcomes. In a statement at the time , Ferguson voiced support for many of the sentiments in the report, but said more needs to be done to “determine whether these findings are representative of market dynamics for other drugs.” “The Commission is responsible for protecting consumers in those markets by enforcing competition among suppliers and middlemen,” he wrote in the statement. “Competition may not be a panacea for rising healthcare prices in America, but we owe it to Congress and the American consumers to do what we can within our statutory mandate to confront this challenge.” Meador authored a 2011 publication in the Annals of Health Law titled “Squeezing the Middleman: Ending Underhanded Dealing in the Pharmacy Benefit Management Industry through Regulation.” “The challenges instigated by the behavior in the PBM industry are not anomalies that may be remedied by occasional litigation,” Meador wrote. “Rather, constant investigation and litigation would be necessary to policy PBMs and prevent or cure unfair and deceptive practices.” Potentially buoying the FTC, PBMs have become a bipartisan target. Last week, Sens. Elizabeth Warren (D-MA) and Josh Hawley (R-MO) introduced a bill in the Senate that would require healthcare companies that own health insurers or PBMs to sell pharmacy assets within three years. The Pharmaceutical Care Management Association, a trade group representing PBMs, didn’t respond to a request for comment. “PBMs are just incredibly unpopular politically, and I think that that is true across both Democrats and Republicans,” Maier said.

Standard treatment for many autoimmune diseases includes drugs that suppress the immune system. Even when this approach works (and it doesn’t work for everyone), chronic immunosuppression puts patients at risk of infections among other complications. Nuvig Therapeutics is developing a first-in-class drug that could offer an alternative treatment for autoimmune diseases and the startup now has $161 million to advance clinical development of its lead program. Nuvig aims to treat autoimmune disease by tapping into a built-in mechanism of the body that tamps down inflammatory pathways. The Menlo Park, California-based company’s drugs are proteins engineered to bind to type II Fc receptors, a class of receptors that regulate immune responses. The company says the binding of its drug to these receptors leads to the expansion of regulatory T cells, or Tregs, a type of immune cell that suppresses immune responses. This approach also downregulates numerous inflammatory pathways . Lead Nuvig program NVG-2089 has Phase 1 results showing it was safe and well tolerated. Also important, the results showed the drug engaged its target. In Phase 2, Nuvig will test NVG-2089 as a treatment for chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), a rare disorder in which the immune system attacks myelin, the protective sheath covering nerve fibers. This disease leads to nerve and motor problems as well as progressively worsening muscle function. Consumer / Employer Health Executives on Digital Transformation in Healthcare Hear executives from Quantum Health, Surescripts, EY, Clinical Architecture and Personify Health share their views on digital transformation in healthcare. By MedCity News Standard CIDP treatment includes intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), an infusion of antibodies sourced from healthy donors. This treatment provides a patient with antibodies that block the inflammatory processes that damage myelin. Immunosuppressants are another CIDP treatment option. Not all patients respond to these therapies, but there’s already a new alternative. This past June, the FDA expanded the approval of Argenx drug Vyvgart Hytrulo to include CIDP. This injectable drug, which was initially approved to treat generalized myasthenia gravis, is an antibody fragment designed to bind to and block the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). Consequently, disease-driving autoantibodies go to a cellular system that degrades proteins. Through the first three quarters of 2024, Argenx reported more than $1.4 billion in product sales, a 77.5% increase over the same period in 2023. These figures includes Vyvgart, the original intravenously infused formulation of the FcRn inhibitor. Argenx has touted its drug’s potential uses in a wide range of autoimmune indications and the company is in various stages of clinical development testing its FcRn-blocker in multiple diseases. Similarly, Nuvig says its drug has the potential to address many autoimmune indications. But first, the company will see how its drug works in CIDP. Nuvig chose CIDP because it is an indication where IVIg is the standard of care and there is still unmet need for a better-tolerated therapy that is not immunosuppressive, co-founder and Chief Scientific Officer Pamela Conley said in an email. She added that her company’s approach is distinct from that of the Argenx drug and other FcRn inhibitors. Most autoimmune diseases, including CIDP, are not entirely mediated by the presence of autoantibodies, she explained. Rather, most of the damage in CIDP is mediated by immune cells that infiltrate the myelin that protect nerve cells. An FcRn blocker like Argenx’s drug does nothing to reduce the infiltration of immune cells into myelin, Conley said. Furthermore, blocking FcRn leads to an up to 80% reduction in overall circulating antibodies. Chronic maintenance of these low antibody levels is immunosuppressive, putting patients at risk of infection. presented by Market Trends to Watch for Health Systems and Their Specialty Pharmacies The future looks bright for the integrated specialty pharmacy model – for health systems, providers, and most importantly, for patients. By Jake Gaffey, MBA, Chief Strategy Officer at Shields Health Solutions Rather than being immunosuppressive, Nuvig’s drug is immunomodulatory, Conley said. The drug offers a broader approach by down regulating the response of immune cells that drive inflammation while also expanding and activating Tregs, which is similar to what happens with IVIg. Conley added that clinical tests of the Argenx drug showed the overall response of CIDP patients was less than what has been observed in CIDP studies with IVIg. “We believe that the [mechanism of action] of NVG-2089 will lead to greater efficacy in CIDP than what was observed with Vyvgart,” Conley said. Nuvig, which is based on research from The Rockefeller University, emerged from stealth in 2022 backed by a $47 million Series A round. The new Series B round was co-led by Sanofi Ventures, Blue Owl Healthcare Opportunities (formerly Cowen Healthcare Investments), and Norwest Venture Partners. Other participants include new investors B Capital, Leaps by Bayer, Global BioAccess Fund, LOTTE Holdings, Alexandria Venture Investments, and funds managed by abrdn Inc., as well as earlier investors Novo Holdings, Platanus, Bristol Myers Squibb, Digitalis Ventures, and Mission BioCapital. Here’s a recap of other recent biotech financing news: —Metabolic medications biotech Antag Therapeutics raised €80 million (about $80.6 million) to enter the clinic with obesity drug candidate AT-7687, a peptide designed to block the GIP receptor. The drug is based on an endogenous GIP receptor antagonist. The drug is intended to be dosed alongside current or future obesity drugs, including those that block the GLP-1 receptor. Compared to other drugs being developed to block GIP, Antag says its approach offers flexibility in dosing that could improve both efficacy and tolerability. The drug could also be used by itself as a maintenance treatment. In tests in monkeys, Antag said AT-7687 dosed with a GLP-1 drug produced “best-in-industry weight loss” along with improved glycemic control and lipid profiles that were independent of weight changes. Antag added that these benefits were achieved without gastrointestinal side effects. The biotech’s pipeline includes drug combinations for other targets and a follow-on molecule that could offer monthly dosing. Versant Ventures led Antag’s Series A financing. —Maze Therapeutics raised $115 million to advance clinical development of its two lead programs. MZE829, an oral drug designed to block a protein called APOL1, is on track to Phase 2 testing in the rare kidney disease focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. MZE782, an oral inhibitor of SCL6A19, is on in Phase 1 testing; South San Francisco-based Maze plans to evaluate it in chronic kidney disease and phenylketonuria. Maze’s Series D round was co-led by Frazier Life Sciences and Deep Track Capital. —Adcendo, a developer of antibody drug conjugates for cancer, recently received FDA clearance to begin a Phase 1/2 test of ADCE-D01 in patients with advanced soft tissue sarcoma. Now it has $135 million to fund the clinical research. ADCE-D01 is designed to target uPARAP, a receptor that’s overexpressed in mesenchymal cancers, including subtypes of soft tissue sarcoma. Copenhagen-based Adcendo earlier this year expanded its Series A round of funding to €98 million (about $102.5 million). The new round, a Series B financing, was led by TCGX. —Kanglin Biotechnology unveiled $20 million in Series A financing to advance to clinical development with lead program, KL003, a gene therapy for the rare blood diseases beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease. Those diseases are already addressed by FDA-approved gene therapies from Vertex Pharmaceuticals and Bluebird Bio. Hangzhou, China-based Kanglin claims its lentiviral vector-based therapy can be best in class with shorter time to transfusion independence and engraftment of the genetically modified cells. No investor details were disclosed. —35Pharma raised $53 million to support clinical development of HS135 for pulmonary hypertension and HS235 for cardiometabolic disease and obesity. Both drugs are fusion proteins designed to block activins and growth differentiation factors (GDFs), proteins associated with many diseases. Frazier Life Sciences led the Series C round for Montreal-based 35Pharma. —Startup Valora Therapeutics emerged with $30 million to advance the development of a new class of drugs it calls antibody lectin chimera, or AbLecs. These engineered antibodies target the glycol-immune checkpoint, blocking glycans, sugar molecules on the surface of cells, from interacting with lectins. This approach has potential applications to cancer and autoimmune disease. Avalon BioVentures co-led the seed round of San Diego-based Valora. —Enveda raised $130 million to support its pipeline of 10 programs and multiple discovery candidates, all from an AI technology platform that applies machine learning techniques to metabolomics data. In October, the Boulder, Colorado-based company began a Phase 1 study of ENV-294, a potential oral anti-inflammatory drug for atopic dermatitis and other inflammatory disorders. Kinnevik and FPV led the Series C round, which brings the company’s funding total to $360 million. —TRexBio closed $84 million to advance its lead internal program, TRB-061, through early clinical development. The drug is an agonist of the TNFR2 receptor, which is abundant on regulatory T cells in the skin and gut. TRB-061 is a potential treatment for atopic dermatitis and ulcerative colitis; a Phase 1 study is on track to begin in the first half of 2025. Delos Capital led TRexBio’s Series B financing. —Wellington Management and Venrock led the $215 million financing of Metsera, a clinical-stage developer of metabolic disorder drugs. The Series B round comes seven months after Metsera launched backed by $290 million. The most advanced program of the New York-based company is a long-acting GLP-1 drug administered once-monthly — a key dosing edge over currently available GLP-1 drugs that patients must inject once weekly. Metsera expects to report preliminary Phase 2 data in the first half of 2025. —Alentis Therapeutics raised $181.4 million for clinical development of two antibody drug conjugates. ALE.P02 is on track to begin Phase 1/2 testing in advanced CLDN1-positive squamous solid tumors. ALE.P03 is being readied to enter the clinic in patients with CLDN-positive tumors. Alentis last raised money in 2023, a $103 million Series C round. Orbimed led the latest round, a Series D financing, along with co-leads Novo Holdings and Jeito Capital. —Arda Therapeutics raised $43 million to take a new approach to treating chronic disease. Rather than modulating the activity of proteins produced by cells that drive disease, San Francisco-based Arda is developing targeted biologic drugs that deplete those cells. Andreessen Horowitz led Arda’s Series A financing. —Evommune raised $115 million as the biotech prepares for upcoming data readouts for two skin disease drugs. Lead program EVO756 is on expected to report data in the first half of 2025 from a Phase 2 test in chronic inducible urticaria. Phase 2 tests are also planned for EVO756 in chronic spontaneous urticaria and for EVO301 in atopic dermatitis. Data from these tests are expected in 2026. RA Capital Management and Sectoral Asset Management led the Palo Alto-based biotech’s Series C financing. —Trace Neuroscience launched with $101 million and a lead program in development for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The South San Francisco-based biotech says its antisense oligonucleotide drug restore a protein called UNC13A, which in turn reestablishes healthy communication between nerves and muscle cells that are affected by neurodegenerative disorders. Third Rock Ventures led Trace’s Series A financing. —Axonis Therapeutics has $115 million to support a lead program in development for treating epilepsy and pain. The Boston-based company’s drug candidate, AXN-027, targets KCC2, a chloride transporter in the central nervous system that is essential for inhibitory neurotransmission. It’s the same target being pursued by Ovid Therapeutics, which acquired its KCC2-targeting molecules from AstraZeneca. Cormorant Asset Management and venBio Partners co-led Axonis’s Series A financing. —Blue Earth Therapeutics announced its presence in the growing radiopharmaceuticals sector with a $76.5 million Series A round. The Oxford, U.K.-based company will apply the proceeds toward Phase 2 tests of its radioligand therapies that target PSMA, the same protein hit by Novartis radiopharmaceutical Pluvicto. Soleus Capital led the round, which was co-led by Sands Capital Management. —Archon Biosciences, a Seattle startup from the University of Washington lab of Nobel Prize-winning scientist David Baker, emerged with $20 million and a platform technology that designs antibodies in a way that controls their structure. These antibody cages, or AbCs, can control how a drug distributes in the body to potentially offer advantages in safety and potency. Madrona Ventures led Archon’s seed financing. —Kivu Bioscience launched with $92 million, revealing antibody drug conjugates and technology licensed from Lonza subsidiary Synaffix. The startup, named for Lake Kivu in Africa, isn’t disclosing its cancer targets, but it plans to advance its lead program into Phase 1 testing in 2025. Novo Holdings led Kivu’s Series A financing. —Agomab raised $89 million to support ongoing clinical testing of AGMB-129, which is in development as a potential treatment for fibrostenosing Crohn’s disease. In this complication of the inflammatory gut disorder, scar tissue (fibrosis) and inflammation lead to thickening of the bowel. The Antwerp, Belgium-based biotech’s drug is a small molecule designed to block ALK5, a protein involved in a signaling pathway associated with fibrosis. Agomab’s Series D round added new investors Sanofi and Invus. —Pathos AI raised $62 million as it plans to advance to mid-stage clinical development. P-500, one of two clinical-stage assets the biotech acquired in the past year, is a brain-penetrating small molecule inhibitor of a target called PRMT5. The Chicago-based company says it will use its AI-powered technology to make patient selection and clinical trial design decisions. New Enterprise Associates led Pathos AI’s Series C round. —With a lead drug candidate in Phase 1/2 testing and a new program on its heels, B-cell therapies developer Be Biopharma raised $82 million in Series C financing. The Cambridge-based biotech’s technology engineers B cells to produce therapeutic proteins. Its most advanced program, BE-101, is in development for treating hemophilia B. The next program is BE-102, a potential treatment for hypophosphatasia, a rare inherited disorder that leads to weak bones and teeth. Be Bio last raised money in 2022, a $130 million Series B round. Picture: Feodora Chiosea, Getty Images

The investment is set to propel the development of the company’s lead candidates, MZE829 and MZE782. Credit: Mongkolchon Akesin/Shutterstock. Maze Therapeutics has completed a Series D financing round, raising $115m to propel the development of its lead candidates, MZE829 and MZE782. The financing round included the conversion of convertible notes previously acquired by existing investors. Deep Track Capital and Frazier Life Sciences co-led the financing round, with Logos Capital and Janus Henderson Investors also taking part. Existing investors include ARCH Venture Partners, Third Rock Ventures, GV, Matrix Capital Management, General Catalyst and Woodline Partners. An oral APOL1 inhibitor, MZE829 is under evaluation as a potential treatment for APOL1 kidney disease, including in individuals with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. A Phase II trial is anticipated to commence by the first quarter of next year. Maze is also assessing the oral SCL6A19 inhibitor, MZE782, in a Phase I study involving healthy volunteers. The company has plans to further evaluate this candidate for the treatment of chronic kidney disease and phenylketonuria, with Phase I trial results expected in the second half of 2025. JP Morgan served as placement agent to Maze during the financing round. The company continues to advance its pipeline through its Compass platform, which leverages genetic insights to detect biological pathways linked to disease in certain patient groups. Maze Therapeutics CEO Jason Coloma stated: “We are grateful and honoured to have had the continued support of our long-term investors over the past several years and are thrilled to welcome the Frazier, Deep Track […] and Logos teams as we advance our two lead clinical programmes, MZE829 and MZE782, and continue to leverage our Compass platform. “The additional resources provided by this financing will allow us to optimise our upcoming Phase II trial of MZE829 and further explore the potential of both lead programmes. This financing marks an important step in our growth as a company, and for the patients we aim to serve.” In May 2023, the company entered an exclusive worldwide licence agreement with Sanofi for the glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1) programme and MZE001, an oral substrate reduction therapy, aimed at treating Pompe disease .