University of Tabriz

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women, posing significant health risks. This study investigates niosome nanoparticles as a delivery system for Cyclophosphamide (CYC) and Sodium Oxamate (SO) to target apoptotic pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells.

Lipid-based niosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and characterized for size, zeta potential, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) profiles. MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with CYC and SO-loaded niosomes, and cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Flow cytometry with annexin V/PI labeling evaluated apoptosis, while real-time PCR and Western blotting analyzed levels of NRF2 and key apoptotic proteins.

Niosomes exhibited favorable properties with a mean particle size of 87.98 nm and a zeta potential of - 7.44 mV. Treatment significantly reduced cell viability compared to controls, indicating cytotoxic effects. Flow cytometric analysis revealed a substantial increase in apoptotic cells post-treatment. Western blot analysis showed elevated NRF2 protein levels and increased expression of caspase-3 and Bax, confirming activation of apoptotic pathways.

The co-delivery of CYC and SO via niosomes effectively targets apoptotic pathways in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The enhanced cytotoxicity and induction of apoptosis suggest that this drug delivery system may serve as an effective strategy for managing breast cancer.

A dispersive solid-phase extraction method has been developed for the extraction of Irganox 1010, Irgafos 168, and Irganox 1076 from milk samples using carbon-derived MIL-88(Fe) as an efficient sorbent.To achieve this, 5 mL of milk sample was mixed with 100 mg trichloroacetic acid under vortexing for 3 min.After deprotonating of the sample, the analytes were extracted using 10 mg of carbon-derived MIL-88(Fe).The extraction procedure was accelerated by vortexing (for an addition 3 min).After centrifugation, the adsorbed analytes onto the sorbent were eluted with 125 μL of ChCl: 1,4-butanediol deep eutectic solvent and then analyzed using HPLC-DAD.The influences of different factors affecting the extraction efficiency of the studied antioxidants were evaluated.Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method demonstrated low limits of detection (0.19-0.63 ng mL^-1) and quantification (0.63-1.1 ng mL^-1), as well as acceptable extraction recoveries above 73 % for migration compoundsUltimately, this approach was competently applied to evaluate the presence of studied additives in twenty-five milk samples packaged in polyethylene.Notable features of this procedure include minimal usage of sorbent, absence of toxic organic solvent, and negligible matrix effect.Subsequently, the validated anal. method was applied to several cow milk samples, revealing contamination in some of the investigated samples.The effect of storage temperature and time was also investigated.

Recently cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) based nanocomposites have attracted considerable attention in the water treatment area owing to their special features like low cost, environmentally friendly, easy modification, etc.Considering these, as well as the importance of the removal of the antibiotic from water, for the first time, this research work aims to focus on the development of a new nanocomposite of ZnCo bimetallic metal-organic framework decorated on CNCs/magnetic graphene oxide (CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG) for use in water treatment.Although to date, many efforts have focused on the design of new CNCs based nanocomposites, according to our knowledge, to this day, there has been no study on the preparation and use of CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG as the amoxicillin (AMX) adsorbent.CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG was prepared for the first time through the surface modification of prepared CNCs via in situ MOF(Zn-Co) growth which the CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co) was then hybridized with MG.Batch adsorption studies were performed to explore the potential of CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG for AMX removal from the aqueous solutionThe textural and structural properties of the CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG were explored by using various techniques, namely by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform IR (FT-IR), and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses.Meanwhile, the surface changes of rice husk due to bleaching, FeCl₃ catalyzed citric acid hydrolysis, MOF(Zn-Co) growth, and composition with MG were monitored employing SEM (SEM).Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) result obtained a mean pore diameter of ∼6.19 nm for CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG.Specifically, the introduction of the magnetic material, MG in the structure of the final nanocomposite resulted in a magnetic construct with a magnetic saturation of 22.79 emu/g.The outcomes of the batch adsorption tests displayed a 57.22 % AMX removal rate after 5 h when the concentration of AMX was 100 mg/L, pH was 7, and the mass of newly developed CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG was about 60 mg.The isotherm and kinetic studies verified that the adsorption was fitted with the Freundlich isotherm and the pseudo-first-order models.It also was established that the CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG could be reused with an acceptable removal efficiency in five cycles which is a good sign of the system benefit from the economic viewpoint.Overall the findings can offer insights into the applicability of eco-friendly CNCs/MOF(Zn-Co)/MG nanocomposite in water treatment.