Last update 01 Nov 2024

GAST

Last update 01 Nov 2024

Basic Info

Synonyms

Big gastrin, G14, G17

+ [16]

Introduction

Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes. It also stimulates smooth muscle contraction and increases blood circulation and water secretion in the stomach and intestine.

Drugs associated with GAST

Polyclonal antibody stimulator(Aphton Corp.)

Target

GAST

Mechanism

Gastrin-17 inhibitors [+1]

Active Org.

Aphton Corp.

Originator Org.

Aphton Corp.

Active Indication

Pancreatic Cancer [+1]

Inactive Indication

Adenocarcinoma of large intestine [+7]

Drug Highest PhasePhase 3

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

GAST targeted ASO (NCI)

Target

GAST

Mechanism

Gastrin-17 inhibitors

Active Org.

National Cancer Institute [+1]

Originator Org.

National Cancer Institute [+1]

Active Indication

Pancreatic Cancer

Inactive Indication-

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

TYG-100

Target

GAST

Mechanism

Gastrin-17 inhibitors

Active Org.

OncoQR ML GmbH

Originator Org.

OncoQR ML GmbH

Active Indication

Pancreatic Carcinoma [+1]

Inactive Indication

Breast Cancer

Drug Highest PhasePreclinical

First Approval Ctry. / Loc.-

First Approval Date20 Jan 1800

Clinical Trials associated with GAST

NCT03746769 / RecruitingPhase 1/2IIT

Improving Islet Transplantation Outcomes With Gastrin

This clinical study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of Gastrin treatment with islet transplantation to help patients with difficult to control type 1 diabetes make insulin again and improve blood sugar control.
This study involves two investigational (experimental) products not yet approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a treatment for any disease:
Human allogenic islet cells (islet cells from a deceased, unrelated human donor)
Gastrin-17 (Gastrin) - a hormone secreted by the gut

Start Date07 Jul 2019

Sponsor / Collaborator

City of Hope National Medical Center

[+1]

NCT01909245 / Active, not recruitingPhase 2IIT

Islet Transplantation Using a T-Cell Depleting Immunosuppression Induction Regimen

City of Hope National Medical Center, located in Duarte, CA, is hosting a clinical study on islet cell transplantation, an experimental procedure being evaluated as a treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes. Islet cell transplantation involves taking insulin-producing cells from organ donors and transplanting them into the liver of a patient with diabetes. Once transplanted, the islets produce insulin, which can improve blood sugar control and eliminate the need to inject insulin or use an insulin pump.
Anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and alemtuzumab (Campath) are anti-rejection medications that work by decreasing a patient's T-cells. T-cells are special white blood cells that recognize and destroy unwanted things like infections but can also attack transplanted cells and organs. Reducing the number of T-cells at the time of transplant may protect islets and improve long-term transplant success. In previous research studies, islet transplantation has been successful in reducing low blood sugar episodes, improving overall blood sugar control, and in some cases, allowing patients with type 1 diabetes to stop taking insulin.
The purpose of this study is to determine if islet cell transplantation using ATG or alemtuzumab, along with additional medications to prevent the body from rejecting the transplanted cells, is a safe and effective treatment for type 1 diabetes. Study participants may receive up to three islet transplants and will be followed for five years to monitor blood sugar control, islet transplant function, and changes in quality of life.

Start Date16 Oct 2013

Sponsor / Collaborator

City of Hope National Medical Center

[+1]

NCT00020787 / CompletedPhase 3IIT

An Open Label, Sequential Multi-Center Multi Dose Study Of G17T Immunogen In Combination With Cisplatin (CDDP) And 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) In Subjects With Metastatic Or Locally Recurrent Gastric Or Gastroesophageal Cancer Previously Untreated With Chemotherapy For Advanced Disease (Stage IV)

RATIONALE: Vaccines may make the body build an immune response to kill tumor cells. Drugs used in chemotherapy use different ways to stop tumor cells from dividing so they stop growing or die. Combining vaccine therapy with chemotherapy may kill more tumor cells.
PURPOSE: Phase II trial to study the effectiveness of combining vaccine therapy and chemotherapy in treating patients who have metastatic or locally recurrent stomach cancer or esophageal cancer.

Start Date01 Jul 2001

Sponsor / Collaborator

Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center

100 Clinical Results associated with GAST

100 Translational Medicine associated with GAST

0 Patents (Medical) associated with GAST

9,147

Literatures (Medical) associated with GAST

01 Dec 2024·Molecular Biology Reports

Aloe vera gel confers therapeutic effect by reducing pyroptosis in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer rat model: Role of NLRP3/GSDMD signaling pathway

Article

Author: Kamel, Amira A ; Mohamed, Amany O ; Mousa, Rehab A ; Abd-Elghaffar, Sary Kh

AbstractBackgroundGastric ulcer (GU) is a common gastrointestinal tract illness. Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and healing characteristics. This research sought to explore the therapeutic impact of Aloe vera gel on ethanol-provoked GU in rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.MethodsAn ethanol-induced GU rat model was constructed using forty male Wistar rats distributed at random into four groups: control, ulcer, pantoprazole, and Aloe vera. Gross evaluation of the stomach, ulcer index (UI), inhibition index, and gastric pH estimation were analyzed. Gastric malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) were determined using the spectrophotometric method, and serum gastrin level was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Gastric nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat, and pyrin domain PYD containing protein 3 (NLRP3) and gasdermin D (GSDMD) mRNA expression levels were estimated by quantitative real-time PCR. Finally, the histopathological examination of the glandular part of stomach tissue was done.ResultsThe ulcer group revealed a significant increase in MDA, gastrin, NLRP3, and GSDMD and a decrease in gastric pH and GSH compared to the control group. Gross investigations of the ulcer group revealed a hemorrhagic lesion in the stomach and an increase in UI. Also, histopathological results for this group showed severe epithelial loss, haemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and blood vessel congestion. However, Aloe vera treatment improved the gross, biochemical, molecular, and histopathological alterations induced by ethanol when compared to the ulcer group.ConclusionsAloe vera exerted antiulcer activities through modulation of oxidant/antioxidant status, anti-secretory properties, and mitigation of pyroptosis.

01 Nov 2024·Modern Pathology

ARX, PDX1, ISL1, and CDX2 Expression Distinguishes 5 Subgroups of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors With Correlations to Histology, Hormone Expression, and Outcome

Article

Author: von Werder, Alexander ; Moser, Elisa ; Evert, Matthias ; Ura, Ayako ; Marinoni, Ilaria ; Perren, Aurel ; Steiger, Katja ; Mogler, Carolin ; Scheidhauer, Klemens ; Klöppel, Günter ; Märkl, Bruno ; Kasajima, Atsuko ; Vogel, Loreen ; Martignoni, Marc ; Friess, Helmut

Many pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) fall into 2 major prognostic subtypes based on DAXX/ATRX-induced alternative lengthening of telomerase phenotype and alpha- and beta-cell-like epigenomic profiles. However, these PanNETs are still flanked by other PanNETs that do not fit into either subtype. Furthermore, despite advanced genotyping, PanNETs are generally not well-characterized in terms of their histologic and hormonal phenotypes. We aimed to identify new subgroups of PanNETs by extending the currently used transcription factor signatures and investigating their correlation with histologic, hormonal, molecular, and prognostic findings. One hundred eighty-five PanNETs (nonfunctioning 165 and functioning 20), resected between 1996 and 2023, were classified into 5 subgroups (A1, A2, B, C, and D) by cluster analysis based on ARX, PDX1, islet-1 (ISL1), and CDX2 expressions and correlated with trabecular vs solid histology, expression of insulin, glucagon, polypeptide (PP), somatostatin, serotonin, gastrin, calcitonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and alternative lengthening of telomerase status by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and disease-free survival. A1 (46%, ARX+/ISL1+/PDX1-/CDX2-) and A2 (15%, ARX+/ISL1+/PDX1+/CDX2-) showed trabecular histology and glucagon/PP expression, with A2 also showing gastrin expression. B (18%, PDX1+/ISL1+/ARX-/CDX2-) showed solid histology, insulin, and somatostatin expression (P < .001). It included all insulinomas and had the best outcome (P < .01). C (15%, ARX-/PDX1-/ISL1-/CDX2-) showed solid histology and frequent expression of serotonin, calcitonin, and ACTH. D (5%, PDX1+/CDX2+/ISL1-/ARX-) showed solid histology, expressed ACTH/serotonin, and was an independent poor prognosticator (P < .01). Differential expressions of ARX, PDX1, ISL1, and CDX2 stratified PanNETs into 5 subgroups with different histologies, hormone expressions, and outcomes. Subgroups A1 and A2 resembled the alpha-cell-like type, and subgroup B, the beta-cell-like type. Subgroup C with almost no transcription factor signature was unclear in cell lineage, whereas the PDX+/CDX2+ signature of subgroup D suggested a pancreatic/intestinal cell lineage. Assigning PanNETs to the subgroups may help establish the diagnosis, predict the outcome, and guide the treatment.

01 Nov 2024·Comprehensive Psychoneuroendocrinology

Oxytocin in growth, reproduction, restoration and health

Review

Author: Moberg, Kerstin Uvnäs

This article summarizes my scientific work and describes some personal experiences during this period. After my basal medical training (MD) (1971), I obtained a PhD in pharmacology (1976) and ended up as a professor of Physiology. My initial studies were within the field of gastroenterology. I showed that the gastrointestinal hormone gastrin, which stimulates HCL secretion in the stomach, was released in response to stimulation of the vagal nerve. Later I showed that the entire endocrine system of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that promotes digestion and anabolic metabolism and growth was under vagal nerve control. I also showed that activation of the vagal nerve inhibits the function of the inhibitory substance somatostatin. 10 years later, after some big changes in my personal life, my research focus changed. I became interested in female physiology, particularly the role of oxytocin. In addition, I became aware of the situation of female scientists and started to work with questions regarding equality between women and men. I gathered a group of interested female medical students and midwives around me. We demonstrated that breastfeeding and touch (e.g., between mother and baby), via stimulation of sensory nerves in the skin, activated the endocrine system of the GI tract and, thereby, anabolic processes and growth. The effects were exerted via a vagal mechanism and involved activation of parvocellular oxytocinergic neurons from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We also showed that the gastrointestinal hormone cholecystokinin stimulated the release of oxytocin in a calorie-dependent way via an afferent vagal mechanism. In summary, there is a bidirectional, vagally mediated connection between the endocrine system of the GI tract and the oxytocin producing neurons in the supraoptic (SON) and paraventricular (PVN) nuclei of the hypothalamus.1. Oxytocinergic neurons from the PVN enhances the activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract and thereby growth and regeneration. The effect is exerted via efferent vagal fibers which inhibit the release of somatostatin. 2. Food in the duodenum triggers a release of cholecystokinin (CCK), which via a vagal afferent mechanism stimulates the release and function of oxytocin. This mechanism is not activated in the absence of food intake. Administration of oxytocin induces a multitude of actions, i.e., anxiolytic and sedative effects, increased pain threshold, lowering of cortisol and blood pressure and an increased activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract. Repeated administration of oxytocin may induce long-term effects and "secondary" mechanisms such as an increased activity of alpha-2- adrenoceptors are involved. Oxytocin released by suckling during breastfeeding or by touch during social interaction will induce a similar effect spectrum. Activation of the parvocellular neurons will stimulate some aspects of social behavior, induce calm and well-being, and decrease levels of fear, stress, and pain. In addition, vagal functions and the activity of the endocrine system of the GI tract will be stimulated. Together, these effects are consistent with the oxytocin-mediated calm and connection response and, in a long-term perspective, with the promotion of well-being and health. A second period of professional difficulties occurred in the late 1990s. I moved to the Swedish University of Agriculture, where I started to investigate the role of oxytocin in interactions between humans and pets, as this type of interaction had been shown to promote health. I continued to study the role of oxytocin in female reproduction, in particular, the role of oxytocin during labor and birth and in the peripartum period. In addition, I started to write books about different aspects of oxytocin. I also wanted to establish a role for oxytocin in the treatment of vaginal atrophy. Several clinical studies show that local intravaginal application of oxytocin in women with vaginal atrophy increases the regeneration of vaginal mucosal cells and function.

News (Medical) associated with GAST

21 Nov 2022

·www.businesswire.com

What's Next for World Tumor Marker Testing Market (2022): Sector to Witness Dynamic Changes the Next Five Years - ResearchAndMarkets.com

DUBLIN--( BUSINESS WIRE )--The "2022 What's Next for World Tumor Marker Testing Market - High-Growth Opportunities for Cancer Diagnostic Tests and Analyzers" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. The report provides granular market segmentation analysis and forecasts for over 40 tumor markers; profiles leading suppliers and recent market entrants with innovative technologies and products; reviews current and emerging assays; reviews current instrumentation; evaluates emerging technologies; and offers specific opportunities and growth strategies for suppliers. Rationale The cancer diagnostics market is on the verge of explosion, as the researchers approach major technological breakthroughs in tumor diagnosis and therapy, discover new specific antigens, and unlock the mystery of the genetic basis of the disease. During the next five years, the worldwide cancer diagnostics market is promising to be an exciting, dynamic and rapidly expanding field. Anticipated technological breakthroughs will create numerous opportunities for determining genetic predisposition, detecting specific tumors, and monitoring biological response to cancer therapy. The rise in geriatric population will further compound the growing demand for malignancy assays and the rapid market expansion worldwide. Geographic Regions Asia-Pacific, Europe, Latin America, Middle East, North America Country Analyses Albania, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Belgium, Bolivia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Morocco, Myanmar, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Norway, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Puerto Rico, Qatar, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela, Vietnam Business Opportunities and Strategic Recommendations Specific new product development opportunities with potentially significant market appeal during the next five years. Design criteria for new products. Alternative market penetration strategies. Potential market entry barriers and risks. Over 200 Current and Emerging Cancer Diagnostic Tests Oncogenes Biochemical Markers Growth Factors Colony Stimulating Factors Hormones Immunohistochemical Stains Lymphokines ACTH, AFP, Beta-2 Microglobulin, CA 15-3/27.29, CA 19-9, CA 125, Calcitonin, Cathepsin, CEA, Chromogranin, Colon-Specific Antigen, Cytokeratins, Estrogen Receptor, Ferritin, Gastrin, HCG, Insulin, Interferons, Interleukins, Lymphocyte Subtyping, Neuron-Specific Enolase, Nucleolar, Occult Blood, Oncogenes, Pancreatic Oncofetal Antigen, Pap Smear, Parathyroid Hormone, Progesterone Receptor, Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, Prostatic Specific Antigen, S-100 Protein, Serotonin, Sialic Acid, Squamous Cell Carcinoma Ag, TDT, Thymidine Kinase, Thyroglobulin, Tissue Polypeptide Antigen, and others. Supplier Shares, Sales and Volume Forecasts Sales and market shares of major cancer diagnostic product suppliers in major countries by individual test. Five-year test volume and sales forecasts for major cancer diagnostic assays. Instrumentation Review Analysis of major molecular diagnostic and immunodiagnostic analyzers used for cancer testing, including their operating characteristics, features and selling prices. Technology Assessment Assessment of latest technologies and their potential applications for cancer diagnostic testing. Review of competing/complementing technologies. Companies, universities and research centers developing new cancer diagnostic tests and detection technologies. Competitive Strategies Strategic assessments of major suppliers and start-up firms developing innovative cancer diagnostic technologies and products, including their sales, product portfolios, marketing tactics, collaborative arrangements, and new products in R&D. The companies analyzed in the report include: Abbott, Affymetrix, Beckman Coulter/Danaher/Cepheid, Becton Dickinson, bioMerieux, Bio-Rad, DiaSorin, Eiken Chemical, Elitech Group, Enzo Biochem, Fujifilm Wako, Fujirebio, Grifols, Hologic, Leica Biosystems, Ortho-Clinical Diagnostics, Perkin Elmer, Qiagen, Roche, Siemens Healthineers, Takara Bio, Thermo Fisher and others. For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ffjqzd

Diagnostic ReagentsASCO

21 May 2017

·www.bioportfolio.com

US Cancer Diagnostics Market Future Horizons and Growth Strategies: Supplier Shares by Tumor Marker, Country Segment Forecasts, Competitive Intelligence, Opportunities [Updated: 11082016] Prices from USD $9800

Complete report $9,800.nbsp; DataPack test volumes, sales forecasts, supplier shares $6,400. VPG Market Research's new report is a strategic analysis of the major business opportunities emerging in the cancer diagnostics market during the next five years. The report examines trends in the US cancer diagnostics markets; reviews current and emerging tests; analyzes potential applications of various diagnostic technologies; forecasts sales of major tumor markers and market segment; profiles leading market players and potential entrants; and suggests alternative business expansion strategies for suppliers. nbsp; Rationale The cancer diagnostics market is on the verge of explosion, as the researchers approach major technological breakthroughs in tumor diagnosis and therapy, discover new specific antigens, and unlock the mystery of the genetic basis of the disease. During the next five years, the worldwide cancer diagnostics market is promising to be an exciting, dynamic and rapidly expanding field. Anticipated technological breakthroughs will create numerous opportunities for determining genetic predisposition, detecting specific tumors, and monitoring biological response to cancer therapy. The rise in geriatric population will further compound the growing demand for malignancy assays and the rapid market expansion. Business Opportunities and Strategic Recommendations Specific new product development opportunities with potentially significant market appeal during the next five years. Design criteria for new products. Alternative market penetration strategies. Potential market entry barriers and risks. Cancer Diagnostic Testsmdash;Over 200 current and emerging assays including: ACTH, AFP, Beta2 Microglobulin, CA 153/27.29, CA 199, CA 125, Calcitonin, Cathepsin, CEA, Chromogranin, ColonSpecific Antigen, Cytokeratins, Estrogen Receptor, Ferritin, Gastrin, HCG, Insulin, Interferons, Interleukins, Lymphocyte Subtyping, NeuronSpecific Enolase, Nucleolar, Occult Blood, Oncogenes, Pancreatic Oncofetal Antigen, Pap Smear, Parathyroid Hormone, Progesterone Receptor, Prostatic Acid Phosphatase, Prostatic Specific Antigen, S100 Protein, Serotonin, Sialic Acid, Squamous Cell Carcinoma Ag, TDT, Thymidine Kinase, Thyroglobulin, Tissue Polypeptide Antigen, and others. Market Segmentation Analysis Sales and market shares of major suppliers, by individual cancer diagnostic test. Fiveyear test volume and sales forecasts for major cancer diagnostic tests by market segment, including: Hospitals Commercial/Private Laboratories Physician Offices/Group Practices Cancer Clinics Comprehensive market segmentation analysis, including review of the market dynamics, structure, size, growth and major suppliers. Cancer statistics, etiology and recent developments. Current and Emerging Products Review of over 200 current and emerging cancer diagnostic tests, including: Biochemical Markers Oncogenes Growth Factors Hormones Colony Stimulating Factors Lymphokines Immunohistochemical Stains, and others. Analysis of major immunoassay analyzers used for cancer diagnostic testing, including their operating characteristics, features and selling prices. Technology Review Assessment of monoclonal antibodies, immunoassays, DNA probes, biochips/microarrays, chromosome analysis, IT, artificial intelligence, flow cytometry, biosensors, and other technologies and their potential applications for cancer diagnostic testing. Review of competing/complementing technologies, including CT, MRI, NMR, PET and photonics spectroscopy. Extensive listings of over 500 companies, universities and research centers developing new cancer diagnostic tests and detection technologies. Competitive Assessments Strategic assessments ofnbsp;major suppliers and startup firms developing innovative technologies and products, including their sales, product portfolios, marketing tactics, collaborative arrangements, and new products in Ramp;D. Contains 620 pages and 103 tables

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