Effect of Single-course Malaria Chemoprevention on Clearance of and Protection From Plasmodium Falciparum Infection in the Presence of Resistance-associated Genotypes in Zambia

The Zambia PCPI study will measure the effect of the parasite genotypes associated with SP resistance on parasite clearance and protection from infection when exposed to SP. The total number of participants is expected to be 600 healthy between 3 to 5 years old who have no symptoms of malaria infection of which 400 children will be assigned to the SP group and 200 to the AS group. The results of this study will allow to measure the effect of the parasite genotypes associated with SP resistance on parasite clearance and protection from infection when exposed to SP.

Start Date24 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine

NCT06522763 / Not yet recruitingPhase 1

Comparative Randomized, Single Dose, Two-Arm, Parallel Open Label Study to Determine the Bioequivalence of Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine 500/25 mg Dispersible Tablet After an Oral Administration to Healthy Adults Under Fasting Conditions

The primary objective of this study is to assess the bioequivalence between the test product and the reference product based on Cmax and AUC0->72 for sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in healthy adults under fasting conditions. The secondary objectives of present study are to describe the Tmax and assess the safety and tolerability profile of both test and reference products.

Start Date01 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Swiss Pharma Nigeria Ltd.

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with DHFR x Folate

100 Translational Medicine associated with DHFR x Folate

0 Patents (Medical) associated with DHFR x Folate

Literatures (Medical) associated with DHFR x Folate

01 Dec 2024·Theriogenology

Expression patterns of folate metabolism-related enzymes in the bovine oviduct: estrous cycle-dependent modulation and responsiveness to folic acid

Article

Author: Gomez, Paula ; García, Elina Vanesa ; Céspedes García, Mario Exequiel ; Furnus, Cecilia Cristina ; Barrera, Antonio Daniel

Folate metabolism is required for important biochemical processes that regulate cell functioning, but its role in female reproductive physiology in cattle during peri- and post-conceptional periods has not been thoroughly explored. Previous studies have shown the presence of folate in bovine oviductal fluid, as well as finely regulated gene expression of folate receptors and transporters in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOECs). Additionally, extracellular folic acid (FA) affects the transcriptional levels of genes important for the functioning of BOECs. However, it remains unknown whether the anatomical and cyclic features inherent to the oviduct affect regulation of folate metabolism. The present study aimed to characterize the gene expression pattern of folate cycle enzymes in BOECs from different anatomical regions during the estrous cycle and to determine the transcriptional response of these genes to increasing concentrations of exogenous FA. A first PCR screening showed the presence of transcripts encoding dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), and methionine synthase (MTR) in bovine reproductive tissues (ovary, oviduct and uterus), with expression levels in oviductal tissues comparable to, or even higher than, those detected in ovarian and uterine tissues. Moreover, expression analysis through RT-qPCR in BOECs from the ampulla and isthmus during different stages of the estrous cycle demonstrated that folate metabolism-related enzymes exhibited cycle-dependent variations. In both anatomical regions, DHFR was upregulated during the preovulatory stage, while MTHFR and MTR exhibited increased expression levels during the postovulatory stage. Under in vitro culture conditions, ampullary and isthmic cells were cultured in the presence of 10, 50, and 100 μM FA for 24 h. Under these conditions, isthmus epithelial cells exhibited a unique transcriptional response to exogenous FA, showing a pronounced increase in MTR expression levels. Our results suggest that the expression of folate metabolism-related genes in BOECs is differentially regulated during the estrous cycle and may respond to exogenous levels of folate. This offers a new perspective on the transcriptional regulation of genes associated with the folate cycle in oviductal cells and provides groundwork for future studies on their functional and epigenetic implications within the oviductal microenvironment.

09 Aug 2024·ACS Infectious Diseases

Identification of Innovative Folate Inhibitors Leveraging the Amino Dihydrotriazine Motif from Cycloguanil for Their Potential as Anti-Trypanosoma brucei Agents

Article

Author: Tavares, Joana ; Tagliazucchi, Lorenzo ; Konchie Simo, Claude U ; Landi, Giacomo ; Rizzo, Marco ; Tonelli, Michele ; Schenone, Silvia ; Cordeiro-da-Silva, Anabela ; Saporito, Giulia ; Costi, Maria Paola ; Santarém, Nuno ; Carbone, Anna ; Pozzi, Cecilia ; Mangani, Stefano ; Francesconi, Valeria

Folate enzymes, namely, dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and pteridine reductase (PTR1) are acknowledged targets for the development of antiparasitic agents against Trypanosomiasis and Leishmaniasis. Based on the amino dihydrotriazine motif of the drug Cycloguanil (Cyc), a known inhibitor of both folate enzymes, we have identified two novel series of inhibitors, the 2-amino triazino benzimidazoles (1) and 2-guanidino benzimidazoles (2), as their open ring analogues. Enzymatic screening was carried out against PTR1, DHFR, and thymidylate synthase (TS). The crystal structures of TbDHFR and TbPTR1 in complex with selected compounds experienced in both cases a substrate-like binding mode and allowed the rationalization of the main chemical features supporting the inhibitor ability to target folate enzymes. Biological evaluation of both series was performed against T. brucei and L. infantum and the toxicity against THP-1 human macrophages. Notably, the 5,6-dimethyl-2-guanidinobenzimidazole 2g resulted to be the most potent (K_i = 9 nM) and highly selective TbDHFR inhibitor, 6000-fold over TbPTR1 and 394-fold over hDHFR. The 5,6-dimethyl tricyclic analogue 1g, despite showing a lower potency and selectivity profile than 2g, shared a comparable antiparasitic activity against T. brucei in the low micromolar domain. The dichloro-substituted 2-guanidino benzimidazoles 2c and 2d revealed their potent and broad-spectrum antitrypanosomatid activity affecting the growth of T. brucei and L. infantum parasites. Therefore, both chemotypes could represent promising templates that could be valorized for further drug development.

01 Oct 2021·Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsQ4 · MEDICINE

Effects of valproate, an HDAC inhibitor, on the expression of folate carriers and folate metabolism-related genes in the placenta of rats

Q4 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Furugen, Ayako ; Kanno, Yuki ; Ohyama, Nanami ; Jinno, Naoko ; Iseki, Ken ; Kobayashi, Masaki ; Kurosawa, Yuko ; Narumi, Katsuya

Valproate (VPA), an antiepileptic drug, is known to inhibit histone deacetylases (HDACs). Exposure to VPA during pregnancy increases several fetal risks. The maintenance of folate level during pregnancy is essential for adequate fetal development, and the placenta plays a critical role in supplying nutrients to the fetus. The aim of this study was to elucidate the effects of VPA on the gene expression of folate carriers and metabolizing enzymes in the rat placenta at both mid and late gestation periods. Pregnant rats were orally administered VPA on a single day or 4 days (repeated administration). Gene expression of folate carriers (Folr1, Slc19a1, Slc46a1) and metabolizing enzymes (Cth, Mtr, Mtrr, Mthfr, Dhfr) was assessed in the placenta on gestational day (GD) 13 or GD20. In the control rats, the expression of Folr1, Slc46a1, Cth, and Mthfr tended to be upregulated, whereas that of Mtrr and Dhfr was downregulated during gestation; the expression of Slc19a1 and Mtr did not change. Repeated VPA administration reduced the placental expression of Folr1and Mtr on GD20 and increased the expression of Dhfr on GD13 compared with the control. These findings indicate that administration of VPA alters the placental gene expression of folate carriers and metabolism-related enzymes.

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