What are the side effects of Doravirine?

Doravirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of HIV-1 infection. As with any medication, it is essential to be aware of the potential side effects that may accompany its use. Understanding these side effects can help patients manage them effectively and work closely with healthcare providers to ensure optimal treatment outcomes.

Common side effects of Doravirine are generally mild and may diminish as the body adjusts to the medication. These include:

1. **Nausea and Vomiting**: Some individuals may experience gastrointestinal discomfort, including nausea and occasional vomiting. This can often be managed with dietary adjustments or over-the-counter remedies.

2. **Diarrhea**: Doravirine can sometimes cause diarrhea. Staying hydrated and consuming a balanced diet can help mitigate this side effect.

3. **Headache**: Mild to moderate headaches can occur in some patients. Over-the-counter pain relievers like acetaminophen or ibuprofen can usually provide relief.

4. **Fatigue**: Feeling unusually tired or fatigued is a reported side effect. Ensuring adequate rest and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help manage this symptom.

5. **Abdominal Pain**: Some patients may experience discomfort or pain in the abdominal area. This can often be managed with diet changes or over-the-counter antacids.

While the above side effects are more common and often manageable, Doravirine can also cause more serious side effects that require immediate medical attention. These include:

1. **Severe Skin Reactions**: Although rare, some patients may develop severe skin reactions such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Symptoms include severe rash, blistering, and peeling of the skin. Immediate medical attention is crucial if these symptoms occur.

2. **Liver Problems**: Doravirine can affect liver function, leading to symptoms such as jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), dark urine, and persistent nausea or vomiting. Regular liver function tests are usually recommended to monitor this.

3. **Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS)**: In some cases, the immune system may become more active as HIV is suppressed, leading to an inflammatory response against previously hidden infections. Symptoms can vary depending on the infections involved and may require additional treatment.

4. **Mood Changes**: Some patients may experience mood changes, including depression and anxiety. It is important to communicate any significant mood alterations to a healthcare provider, as these can impact overall well-being and treatment adherence.

5. **Allergic Reactions**: Allergic reactions to Doravirine, though rare, can occur. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, and trouble breathing. Immediate medical attention is necessary if an allergic reaction is suspected.

It's also important to note that this is not an exhaustive list of side effects. Patients should discuss any new or unusual symptoms with their healthcare provider to ensure appropriate management. Additionally, Doravirine should be taken as prescribed, and patients should not stop taking it without consulting their healthcare provider, as this can lead to resistance and reduce the effectiveness of HIV treatment.

In summary, while Doravirine is an effective medication for managing HIV-1 infection, it can cause a range of side effects from mild to severe. Being informed about these potential side effects and maintaining open communication with healthcare providers can help ensure that any adverse reactions are promptly managed and that treatment remains effective.