Liver Abscess, Amebic

Amoebiasis, caused by the enteric parasite, Entamoeba histolytica, is one of the major food- and water-borne parasitic diseases in developing countries with improper sanitation and poor hygiene. Infection with E. histolytica has diverse disease outcomes, which are determined by the genetic diversity of the infecting strains. Comparative genetic analysis of infecting E. histolytica strains associated with differential disease outcomes from different geographical regions of the world is important to identify the specific genetic patterns of the pathogen that trigger certain disease outcomes of Amoebiasis. The strategy is able to elucidate the genealogical relation and population structure of infecting E. histolytica strains from different geographical regions. In the present study, we have performed a comparative genetic analysis of circulating E. histolytica strains identified from different parts of the world, including our study region, based on five tRNA-linked short tandem repeat (STR) loci (i.e., D-A, NK2, R-R, S^TGA-D and A-L) and evaluated their potential associations with differential disease outcomes of Amoebiasis. A number of regional-specific, emerging haplotypes of E. histolytica, significantly associated with specific disease outcomes have been identified. Haplotypes, which have a significant positive association with asymptomatic and amoebic liver abscess outcomes, showed a significant negative association with diarrheal outcome, or vice versa. Comparative multi-locus analysis revealed that E. histolytica isolates from our study region are phylogenetically segregated from the isolates of other geographical regions. This study provides a crucial overview of the population structure and emerging pattern of the enteric parasite, E. histolytica.

By 2030, an estimated two billion international tourist trips are expected annually worldwide, with Poland as an important contributor. Illness rates among returnees from developing regions hover between 43-79%. Properly diagnosing fever in these travelers is vital due to potential severe implications. After visiting tropical and subtropical zones, the main health complaints are diarrhea, fever, and skin changes. A reliable diagnosis begins with a comprehensive travel history and identifying risks. In travelers from sub-Saharan Africa, malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is the main cause of the fever, affecting 50 in every 1000. For Southeast Asia returnees, dengue is dominant, impacting 50-60 per 1000 and its prevalence rises significantly nowadays. Other significant diseases include chikungunya, zika, typhoid, amoebic liver abscess, and   occasionally viral hemorrhagic fevers. SARS- CoV-2 and influenza virus are crucial pathogens as well. An in-depth travel assessment, combined with tropical disease knowledge, sharpens diagnoses, with algorithms aiding in selecting the appropriate tests and methods.