SummaryMetronidazole, a small molecule drug approved in 1960 by Pfizer Inc., inhibits DNA synthesis and is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Its versatility is demonstrated by its indication for a wide range of conditions, including skin ulcers, enteritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, rosacea, trichomonas vaginitis, and amebiasis. By disrupting DNA synthesis, metronidazole inhibits growth and multiplication of these microorganisms. It also shows potential as a substitute therapy for some antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, like all drugs, metronidazole has potential adverse effects such as nausea, regurgitation, and metallic taste in the mouth. Patients should carefully follow prescribed dosages and treatment durations to avoid antibiotic resistance and the risk of side effects. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole + [94] |
Target- |
Action inhibitors |
Mechanism DNA synthesis inhibitors |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date France (01 Jan 1960), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (United States) |
Molecular FormulaC6H9N3O3 |
InChIKeyVAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry443-48-1 |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Giardiasis | South Korea | 06 Sep 2024 | |
Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative | South Korea | 06 Sep 2024 | |
Tooth Infection | South Korea | 06 Sep 2024 | |
Liver Abscess, Amebic | United States | 22 Sep 2023 | |
Skin Ulcer | Japan | 26 Dec 2014 | |
Infectious enteritis | Japan | 10 Aug 2012 | |
Neuroschistosomiasis | Japan | 10 Aug 2012 | |
Helicobacter pylori infection | Japan | 23 Aug 2007 | |
Rosacea | United States | 26 Sep 1997 | |
Trichomonas Vaginitis | United States | 03 May 1995 | |
Infectious Diseases | China | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Amebiasis | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Anaerobic bacterial infection | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Bone and joint infections | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Central Nervous System Infections | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Gynecological infection | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Intraabdominal Infections | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Sepsis | United States | 18 Jul 1963 | |
Skin and skin structure infections | United States | 18 Jul 1963 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | United States | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | China | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Argentina | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Bulgaria | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Croatia | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Czechia | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Greece | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | India | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Israel | 05 Apr 2018 | |
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections | Phase 3 | Italy | 05 Apr 2018 |
Phase 4 | 32 | Lactic acid vaginal gel | xbefjadlkl(rjqieqnihw) = after up to six months qdmoalynfe (jlzevrtmsj ) View more | Positive | 06 Jan 2025 | ||
Phase 4 | - | Amoxicillin and Metronidazole | sfcdnbvzhh(tulpgwxwnp) = tqkaemcvxn xuqxmnrjse (fyxzdvuomc ) View more | Positive | 01 Aug 2024 | ||
Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Metronidazole | sfcdnbvzhh(tulpgwxwnp) = ijtdmknirh xuqxmnrjse (fyxzdvuomc ) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 422 | vapazttluz = hdvlnqbvfj tquytodumr (luidnkuron, iningeguvi - szreogylju) View more | - | 07 May 2024 | |||
Phase 4 | 133 | Vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy | bzeykkozpg(hecfngxzdk) = zkcaqzhdgn abhvcalbah (djoxdtbigi ) View more | Negative | 01 Apr 2024 | ||
(No intervention) | bzeykkozpg(hecfngxzdk) = gpxigxvzya abhvcalbah (djoxdtbigi ) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 60 | zaolhhjoip = iwkutdckoz rlntiknhxb (zithqcrrsc, xgdiogbkzx - vnqjufpuos) View more | - | 08 Mar 2024 | |||
Not Applicable | Parametritis bacterial vaginosis | 574 | Cefazolin 2g + Metronidazole vaginal ovules | ysbexjvqyz(pwlpbtlnql) = vkbweadpvh ooqjltzqvm (mceeognfhu ) | Negative | 01 Nov 2023 | |
Cefazolin 2g + Placebo vaginal ovules | ysbexjvqyz(pwlpbtlnql) = enbnojhnjd ooqjltzqvm (mceeognfhu ) | ||||||
Phase 3 | - | 155 | xqdyqndzlq(dbwsuyusdu) = 99/155 reported at least one metronidazole AE, including 72/155 who reported gastrointestinal symptoms mostly within 3 days of starting treatment and resolving within 5 days of onset. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 8% (12/148) overall and AEs were given as the reason for discontinuing in only 3% (4/148) qxakhskxds (rzpwyyoqex ) | Positive | 01 Oct 2023 | ||
Not Applicable | - | First or second-generation cephalosporins | noakjrygwc(xpmefjovga) = qnzvixxecc mgizguptun (wevcdxaxtc ) | - | 01 Sep 2023 | ||
noakjrygwc(xpmefjovga) = nfncbfxrra mgizguptun (wevcdxaxtc ) | |||||||
Phase 4 | 16 | (Metronidazole 500 mg) | sddvzcahjm(oguzqqvhqj) = oimlcwsfjw xkjgmijkea (lgxptazfcc, hgwkmpomrv - hmpeijinxw) View more | - | 15 Jun 2023 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | sddvzcahjm(oguzqqvhqj) = ricbcbdwcr xkjgmijkea (lgxptazfcc, lldchmmtkc - ighitzitpw) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 37 | (Rabies Vaccine With Antibiotics) | ykqrrwgxyj(ipgfnrrnnr) = vqpodlfbzn rglryutmoy (voxccfzsyj, 262.99) View more | - | 08 Jun 2023 | ||
Rabies Vaccine (Rabies Vaccine) | ykqrrwgxyj(ipgfnrrnnr) = bqvhffrgoc rglryutmoy (voxccfzsyj, 943.85) View more |