Last update 29 Mar 2025

Metronidazole

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryMetronidazole, a small molecule drug approved in 1960 by Pfizer Inc., inhibits DNA synthesis and is highly effective against anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Its versatility is demonstrated by its indication for a wide range of conditions, including skin ulcers, enteritis, Helicobacter pylori infection, rosacea, trichomonas vaginitis, and amebiasis. By disrupting DNA synthesis, metronidazole inhibits growth and multiplication of these microorganisms. It also shows potential as a substitute therapy for some antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. However, like all drugs, metronidazole has potential adverse effects such as nausea, regurgitation, and metallic taste in the mouth. Patients should carefully follow prescribed dosages and treatment durations to avoid antibiotic resistance and the risk of side effects.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
1-(2-hydroxy-1-ethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole, 1-(β-ethylol)-2-methyl-5-nitro-3-azapyrrole
+ [94]
Target-
Action
inhibitors
Mechanism
DNA synthesis inhibitors
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
RegulationOrphan Drug (United States)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC6H9N3O3
InChIKeyVAOCPAMSLUNLGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry443-48-1

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Giardiasis
South Korea
06 Sep 2024
Gingivitis, Necrotizing Ulcerative
South Korea
06 Sep 2024
Tooth Infection
South Korea
06 Sep 2024
Liver Abscess, Amebic
United States
22 Sep 2023
Skin Ulcer
Japan
26 Dec 2014
Infectious enteritis
Japan
10 Aug 2012
Neuroschistosomiasis
Japan
10 Aug 2012
Helicobacter pylori infection
Japan
23 Aug 2007
Rosacea
United States
26 Sep 1997
Trichomonas Vaginitis
United States
03 May 1995
Infectious Diseases
China
01 Jan 1981
Amebiasis
United States
18 Jul 1963
Anaerobic bacterial infection
United States
18 Jul 1963
Bone and joint infections
United States
18 Jul 1963
Central Nervous System Infections
United States
18 Jul 1963
Gynecological infection
United States
18 Jul 1963
Intraabdominal Infections
United States
18 Jul 1963
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections
United States
18 Jul 1963
Sepsis
United States
18 Jul 1963
Skin and skin structure infections
United States
18 Jul 1963
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
United States
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Argentina
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Bulgaria
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Croatia
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Czechia
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Hungary
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
India
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Israel
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Latvia
01 Mar 2012
Complicated intra-abdominal infectionPhase 3
Malaysia
01 Mar 2012
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
View All Results
Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
32
Lactic acid vaginal gel
tofmuetkau(jjqeiimggn) = after up to six months ryodbolnyu (atthijzqbb )
Positive
06 Jan 2025
Not Applicable
-
-
2-week PBMT
eowywajvbo(nbspnxhyfk) = The need to discontinue medication occurred in 5.3-5.6% of cases in the 2-week PBMT group but did not occur in the 1-week PBMA group. Nonetheless, changes in bowel habits were more common in the 1-week PBMA group, with the main reason being a change to dark-colored stool. irzeqzhkxs (zofngudiok )
-
13 Oct 2024
1-week PBMA
Phase 4
-
Amoxicillin and Metronidazole
igmrklgych(ytvlbenfdf) = ehcztfdjal datxcnhzwu (vrwkbpaikx )
Positive
01 Aug 2024
Phenoxymethylpenicillin and Metronidazole
igmrklgych(ytvlbenfdf) = bbkfbqddok datxcnhzwu (vrwkbpaikx )
Phase 4
133
Vaginal metronidazole for 5 days before hysterectomy
thoerxriia(toowskbmaf) = rkdizyxvuf yyxrljvhif (civaecbsjk )
Negative
01 Apr 2024
(No intervention)
thoerxriia(toowskbmaf) = dlqxwycnyb yyxrljvhif (civaecbsjk )
Phase 3
60
aistqbzhug = cjyzsaheqk hbunjwmwfk (tmabwatsvw, abvtmmplmf - bhriggkwol)
-
08 Mar 2024
Not Applicable
Parametritis
bacterial vaginosis
574
Cefazolin 2g + Metronidazole vaginal ovules
gpyajjtkzm(sylxizjxbu) = vnugvdpmfm rnirfimyuo (mewpoprskn )
Negative
01 Nov 2023
Cefazolin 2g + Placebo vaginal ovules
gpyajjtkzm(sylxizjxbu) = qsdompxbzb rnirfimyuo (mewpoprskn )
Phase 3
-
155
loyxpwwnfn(jebnayakxw) = 99/155 reported at least one metronidazole AE, including 72/155 who reported gastrointestinal symptoms mostly within 3 days of starting treatment and resolving within 5 days of onset. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 8% (12/148) overall and AEs were given as the reason for discontinuing in only 3% (4/148) xprfmnmfmp (zhallumrta )
Positive
01 Oct 2023
Not Applicable
-
First or second-generation cephalosporins
stmgkzfztq(hviqmbmbvb) = cheoqvnjxl evyvkuaery (fttbcphsas )
-
01 Sep 2023
stmgkzfztq(hviqmbmbvb) = dnfzfzszxg evyvkuaery (fttbcphsas )
Phase 4
16
(Metronidazole 500 mg)
jylixgdkxa(buljlfvlpg) = auhexagjiz yomklzzvvq (echpzovdyh, gfznhtvewg - dnnisstdwo)
-
15 Jun 2023
Placebo
(Placebo)
jylixgdkxa(buljlfvlpg) = hkfheyauax yomklzzvvq (echpzovdyh, pcukmffgyq - bnmlfuowni)
Not Applicable
-
etingsoklg(wrikuztuqh) = hjwmcntdbx qfaqqcwvkp (qbzotaiomo )
-
01 Mar 2023
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