Junin virus infection

Although acute heart failure (AHF) is a common disease associated with significant symptoms, morbidity and mortality, the diagnosis, risk stratification and treatment of patients with hypertensive acute heart failure (H-AHF) still remain a challenge in modern medicine. Despite great progress in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, this disease is still accompanied by a high rate of both in-hospital (from 3.8% to 11%) and one-year (from 20% to 36%) mortality. Considering the high rate of rehospitalization (22% to 30% in the first three months), the treatment of this disease represents a major financial blow to the health system of each country. This disease is characterized by heterogeneity in precipitating factors, clinical presentation, therapeutic modalities and prognosis. Since heart decompensation usually occurs quickly (within a few hours) in patients with H-AHF, establishing a rapid diagnosis is of vital importance. In addition to establishing the diagnosis of heart failure itself, it is necessary to see the underlying cause that led to it, especially if it is de novo heart failure. Given that hypertension is a precipitating factor of AHF and in up to 11% of AHF patients, strict control of arterial blood pressure is necessary until target values are reached in order to prevent the occurrence of H-AHF, which is still accompanied by a high rate of both early and long-term mortality.

Adult smokers, those with comorbidities, and the elderly, are at greater risk of contracting infections and their complications. Community acquired respiratory infections due to viruses, pneumococcus and other bacteria, affect both healthy and sick adults. There are vaccines that the pulmonologist must know and prescribe. The target strains of the influenza vaccine are defined by the WHO for the Southern hemisphere considering those involved in the previous influenza season in the Northern hemisphere. Its effectiveness depends on virulence, concordance between circulating and vaccine strains, and population coverage. The anti-pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine available since 1983 is being replaced by more effective conjugate vaccines to prevent infections related to serotypes present in them. Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 reduced the contagion, severity, and lethality of COVID-19. The acellular vaccine against Bordetella pertussis for adults is present for specific situations in the adult calendar; vaccinating them strengthens the control of childhood contagion. The double (diphtheria + tetanus), and triple (double + pertussis) bacterial vaccines, and the vaccines against measles, chickenpox, rubella, human papillomavirus, Haemophilus influenzae, meningococcus, herpes zoster, Argentine hemorrhagic fever and yellow fever, are of a more limited use. Soon we will have new vaccines such as the one recently approved by the FDA against respiratory syncytial virus. Through a consensus of experts in respiratory infections, we review the new evidence regarding the immunization of adults who consult a pulmonologist, and thus update the recommendations on vaccination made eight years ago.

Avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J) is an oncogenic virus that causes serious economic loss in the poultry industry. Currently, no effective vaccine or drug is available against this virus. Therefore, it is imperative to explore and understand the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying ALV-J infection. In this study, blood samples from 21 ALV-J-infected and 22 ALV-J-uninfected (DZ) chickens (JZ) were analyzed by whole-genome resequencing (WGR). By combining the fixation index (F_ST) with the nucleotide diversity (π) ratio based on WGR data, 425 candidate genes were identified. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis revealed the top 20 enriched pathways, among which 9 pathways were significantly associated with diseases, including endometrial cancer, Chagas disease, PD-L1 expression and PD-1 checkpoint pathway in cancer, colorectal cancer, endocrine resistance, fluid shear stress, atherosclerosis, basal cell carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and melanoma. Fourteen single nucleotide polymorphisms related to twelve genes showed a notable difference between DZ and JZ group chickens. The genes included COMMD3, PPP1CB, VEGFA, GTF2H1, NOTCH2, ITPR1, FGFR4, GNAS, NECTIN1, WNT2B, PPP1CC, and MRC2. These findings may provide a valuable foundation for further exploration of the pathogenesis of ALV-J in chickens.