Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Neoplasms

Moderna is expanding a cost control program as it seeks to break even in the coming years, despite challenges for vaccine makers from the Trump administration. On Thursday, the company said that its operating costs in 2026 will be between $5.4 billion to $5.7 billion, down from a previous estimate of $5.9 billion, and would fall again in 2027 to $4.7 billion to $5 billion. The company’s goal is to break even by 2028, in part by shifting its focus to cancer from respiratory vaccines, which the new administration has made a riskier investment as it questions Covid-19 shots and vaccine science. “It’s an uncertain environment, but nobody has lost faith in this platform,” CFO Jamey Mock told Endpoints News in an interview ahead of the company’s first-quarter earnings release. The company said Thursday that it has deprioritized its Covid-flu combination vaccine in younger adults. And an FDA application for older adults is being kicked down the road as the company awaits efficacy data from the standalone flu vaccine trial. While an interim readout from the flu trial is slated for the summer of this year, Moderna said it “expects an extended review timeline and is now targeting approval in 2026.” Another FDA decision on Moderna’s next-gen Covid vaccine is expected at the end of this month. Mock said there’s no indication the FDA has moved the goalposts on the Phase 3 endpoints under new Commissioner Marty Makary. “We have not heard anything on that front from the FDA, and are still looking forward to the PDUFA date on May 31,” he said. Tracy Beth Høeg, a special assistant to Makary, questioned how the company assessed relative vaccine efficacy in the study during a meeting of CDC vaccine advisors last month. Mock expressed little concern over the potential removal of its Covid vaccine from the childhood vaccine schedule, which HHS Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is reportedly mulling. But he said the $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion in expected 2025 revenue “did factor in a substantial drop in overall vaccination rates.” “Any of these potential changes or change in consumer behavior is factored into the low end of our guidance in the US,” he said. A bright spot for the respiratory vaccine pipeline is Moderna’s norovirus vaccine, which was freed from a clinical hold in the first quarter. And Moderna’s cancer portfolio has good news as well. The clinical development program for the company’s individualized neoantigen therapy, now known as intismeran autogene, is growing. Moderna said it and Merck launched a new Phase 2 study for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. While the once-heralded biotech regains its footing and its priorities, Mock says Moderna still has a line in with an administration and a president that it worked closely with during the pandemic. “We have access at different levels of the organization, and we continue to collaborate with them every single day, whether it’s taxes and tariffs, or with HHS and the FDA specifically,” he said.

Reports first quarter revenues of $0.1 billion, GAAP net loss of $(1.0) billion and GAAP EPS of $(2.52) Reiterates 2025 expected revenue range of $1.5 to $2.5 billion and 2025 year-end cash balance of approximately $6 billion Announces reduction of $1.4 to $1.7 billion in estimated GAAP operating costs by 2027 Advancing up to 10 products toward approval, including multiple oncology candidates CAMBRIDGE, MA / ACCESS Newswire / May 1, 2025 / Moderna, Inc. (NASDAQ:MRNA) today reported financial results and provided business updates for the first quarter of 2025. "In the first quarter, we continued to execute with financial discipline, significantly reducing our operating expenses, and further prioritized our investments in oncology," said Stéphane Bancel, Chief Executive Officer of Moderna. "Looking ahead, we are reiterating our 2025 financial framework and announcing a cost structure that is expected to reduce our annual operating expenses by approximately $1.5 billion by 2027. With several Phase 3 readouts approaching and continued momentum toward 10 product approvals, we remain confident in Moderna's long-term outlook." Recent progress includes: Commercial Updates COVID-19: The Company reported $84 million in Spikevax® sales in the first quarter of 2025, which includes $29 million of U.S. sales and $55 million of international sales. As previously reported, Moderna entered into a tender opportunity in January to compete for COVID vaccine business in the EU. RSV: The Company reported $2 million in mRESVIA® sales in the first quarter of 2025. Moderna's RSV vaccine for adults aged 60 years and older has been recently approved in Australia, Switzerland, Taiwan and the UK. First Quarter 2025 Financial Results Revenue: Total revenue for the first quarter of 2025 was $108 million, compared to $167 million in the first quarter of 2024. The decline was primarily driven by lower net product sales, which totaled $86 million in the quarter. The reduction in product sales reflects lower vaccination rates compared to the same period last year and the continued normalization of COVID into a seasonal commercial market, with demand expected to be concentrated in the second half of the year. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales for the first quarter of 2025 was $90 million, which included third-party royalties of $5 million, inventory write-downs of $42 million, unutilized manufacturing capacity and wind-down costs of $21 million, and losses on firm purchase commitments of $10 million. Compared to the same period in 2024, cost of sales decreased by $6 million, or 6%, reflecting lower sales volume and the seasonal nature of the Company's COVID vaccine business, with limited product sales in both periods. Despite the overall decrease in cost of sales, cost of sales as a percentage of net product sales increased to 104%, compared to 58% in the first quarter of 2024, reflecting the impact of lower net product sales. Research and Development Expenses: Research and development expenses for the first quarter of 2025 decreased by 19% to $856 million, compared to the first quarter in 2024. The decrease was primarily driven by lower clinical development costs across respiratory programs due to timing of trial activities and program wind-downs. This reduction was partially offset by increased investment in Moderna's individualized neoantigen therapy (mRNA-4157), which has been assigned the generic name intismeran autogene, and norovirus programs. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses for the first quarter of 2025 decreased by 23% to $212 million, compared to the first quarter in 2024. The decline was primarily driven by broad-based reductions across digital, facility, marketing, personnel-related expenses, and external consulting and service costs, as the Company continues to streamline operations and prioritize cost management. Income Taxes: The Company recognized an income tax provision of $7 million for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $10 million in the same period last year. In both periods, the income tax provision was not material, as the Company continues to maintain a global valuation allowance against most of its deferred tax assets. Net Loss: Net loss was $(1.0) billion for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $(1.2) billion for the first quarter of 2024. Loss Per Share: Loss per share was $(2.52) for the first quarter of 2025, compared to $(3.07) for the first quarter of 2024. Cash Position: Cash, cash equivalents and investments as of March 31, 2025, were $8.4 billion, compared to $9.5 billion as of December 31, 2024. The decrease during the quarter was primarily driven by the operating loss for this quarter. 2025 Financial Framework Expectations for full year 2025 remain consistent with prior expectations. Revenue: The Company reiterates 2025 expected revenue of $1.5 to $2.5 billion. Moderna expects revenue of approximately $0.2 billion in the first half of the year, reflecting the seasonality of its respiratory business. Cost of Sales: Cost of sales for 2025 is expected to be approximately $1.2 billion. Research and Development Expenses: Full-year 2025 research and development expenses are anticipated to be approximately $4.1 billion. Selling, General and Administrative Expenses: Selling, general and administrative expenses for 2025 are projected to be approximately $1.1 billion. Income Taxes: The Company continues to expect its full-year tax expense to be negligible. Capital Expenditures: Capital expenditures for 2025 are expected to be approximately $0.4 billion. Cash and Investments: Year-end cash and investments for 2025 are projected to be approximately $6 billion. 2026 and 2027 Financial Updates Moderna is expanding its cost efficiency and prioritization programs and expects estimated GAAP operating costs of $5.4 to $5.7 billion in 2026, a reduction from the Company's previous estimate of $5.9 billion. The Company is announcing a new 2027 GAAP operating cost estimate of $4.7 to $5.0 billion, resulting in a reduction of $1.4 to $1.7 billion in estimated operating costs by 2027, compared to its 2025 estimate. Recent Progress and Upcoming Late-Stage Pipeline Milestones The Company continues to advance its research and development portfolio. Recently, Moderna updated its prioritized pipeline by adding its Phase 2 oncology candidate, checkpoint (mRNA-4359) therapy, and deprioritizing its flu/COVID combination vaccine (mRNA-1083) for adults aged 18-49. Respiratory vaccines: Next-generation COVID-19 vaccine: Moderna shared pivotal safety, immunogenicity and relative vaccine efficacy data for its next-generation COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1283) at the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices meeting in April 2025. The Company filed for regulatory approval of mRNA-1283 with the FDA using a priority review voucher in 2024. The FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date of May 31, 2025. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine: The Company recently shared positive Phase 3 data for its RSV vaccine (mRNA-1345) in high-risk adults aged 18-59 at the ESCMID 2025 Global Congress. Moderna filed for regulatory approval of mRNA-1345 for high-risk adults with the FDA using a priority review voucher in 2024. The FDA has assigned a PDUFA goal date of June 12, 2025. Seasonal flu + COVID vaccine: Moderna shared positive Phase 3 immunogenicity data for its flu/COVID combination vaccine (mRNA-1083) for adults aged 50 years and older at its 2024 R&D Day event. The Company submitted mRNA-1083 for regulatory approval in older adults in 2024. Based on FDA feedback confirming the need for Phase 3 flu efficacy data, Moderna expects an extended review timeline and is now targeting approval in 2026. Seasonal flu vaccine: Moderna has shared positive Phase 3 immunogenicity and safety data for its seasonal flu vaccine (mRNA-1010). The Phase 3 vaccine efficacy study (P304) exceeded its case accrual target in the first season and Moderna anticipates an interim data readout in summer 2025. Next-generation COVID-19 vaccine: Moderna shared pivotal safety, immunogenicity and relative vaccine efficacy data for its next-generation COVID-19 vaccine (mRNA-1283) at the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices meeting in April 2025. The Company filed for regulatory approval of mRNA-1283 with the FDA using a priority review voucher in 2024. The FDA has assigned a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) goal date of May 31, 2025. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine: The Company recently shared positive Phase 3 data for its RSV vaccine (mRNA-1345) in high-risk adults aged 18-59 at the ESCMID 2025 Global Congress. Moderna filed for regulatory approval of mRNA-1345 for high-risk adults with the FDA using a priority review voucher in 2024. The FDA has assigned a PDUFA goal date of June 12, 2025. Seasonal flu + COVID vaccine: Moderna shared positive Phase 3 immunogenicity data for its flu/COVID combination vaccine (mRNA-1083) for adults aged 50 years and older at its 2024 R&D Day event. The Company submitted mRNA-1083 for regulatory approval in older adults in 2024. Based on FDA feedback confirming the need for Phase 3 flu efficacy data, Moderna expects an extended review timeline and is now targeting approval in 2026. Seasonal flu vaccine: Moderna has shared positive Phase 3 immunogenicity and safety data for its seasonal flu vaccine (mRNA-1010). The Phase 3 vaccine efficacy study (P304) exceeded its case accrual target in the first season and Moderna anticipates an interim data readout in summer 2025. Latent and other vaccines: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine: The Company recently shared 36-month durability data from a Phase 2 extension trial of its CMV vaccine candidate (mRNA-1647) at the ESCMID 2025 Global Congress. The pivotal Phase 3 study of mRNA-1647 is fully enrolled and accruing cases, evaluating its efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in the prevention of primary infection in women of childbearing age. The Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) met to review the initial study data in 2024 and informed the Company that the criterion for early efficacy was not met. The DSMB recommended that the study continue as planned. The Company remains blinded and anticipates efficacy data from the study in 2025. Norovirus vaccine: The two-season Phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of Moderna's trivalent vaccine against norovirus (mRNA-1403) is fully enrolled in the Northern Hemisphere and enrolling in the Southern Hemisphere. The FDA clinical hold following a single adverse event report of a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome has been lifted. The timing of the Phase 3 readout will be dependent on case accruals. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine: The Company recently shared 36-month durability data from a Phase 2 extension trial of its CMV vaccine candidate (mRNA-1647) at the ESCMID 2025 Global Congress. The pivotal Phase 3 study of mRNA-1647 is fully enrolled and accruing cases, evaluating its efficacy, safety and immunogenicity in the prevention of primary infection in women of childbearing age. The Data Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) met to review the initial study data in 2024 and informed the Company that the criterion for early efficacy was not met. The DSMB recommended that the study continue as planned. The Company remains blinded and anticipates efficacy data from the study in 2025. Norovirus vaccine: The two-season Phase 3 study evaluating the efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of Moderna's trivalent vaccine against norovirus (mRNA-1403) is fully enrolled in the Northern Hemisphere and enrolling in the Southern Hemisphere. The FDA clinical hold following a single adverse event report of a case of Guillain-Barré syndrome has been lifted. The timing of the Phase 3 readout will be dependent on case accruals. Oncology therapeutics: Intismeran autogene: Moderna continues to demonstrate the potential clinical benefit of mRNA-4157. In collaboration with Merck, the Phase 3 clinical trial for adjuvant melanoma is fully enrolled. Two Phase 3 studies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are enrolling. A randomized Phase 2 study for high-risk muscle invasive bladder cancer is enrolling, and a randomized Phase 2 study for adjuvant renal cell carcinoma is fully enrolled. Moderna and Merck have launched a new Phase 2 study for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Checkpoint adaptive immune modulation therapy (AIM-T): Moderna is expanding the number of oncology development candidates in its prioritized pipeline with the addition of Checkpoint AIM-T (mRNA-4359). The Phase 1/2 study is ongoing and a Phase 2 study, which includes first-line melanoma and first-line metastatic NSCLC patients, is enrolling. Intismeran autogene: Moderna continues to demonstrate the potential clinical benefit of mRNA-4157. In collaboration with Merck, the Phase 3 clinical trial for adjuvant melanoma is fully enrolled. Two Phase 3 studies for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are enrolling. A randomized Phase 2 study for high-risk muscle invasive bladder cancer is enrolling, and a randomized Phase 2 study for adjuvant renal cell carcinoma is fully enrolled. Moderna and Merck have launched a new Phase 2 study for patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Checkpoint adaptive immune modulation therapy (AIM-T): Moderna is expanding the number of oncology development candidates in its prioritized pipeline with the addition of Checkpoint AIM-T (mRNA-4359). The Phase 1/2 study is ongoing and a Phase 2 study, which includes first-line melanoma and first-line metastatic NSCLC patients, is enrolling. Rare disease therapeutics: Propionic acidemia (PA) therapeutic: In an ongoing Phase 1/2 study designed to evaluate safety and pharmacology in trial participants with PA, Moderna's investigational therapeutic (mRNA-3927) has been generally well-tolerated to date with no events meeting protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicity criteria. Early results suggest potential decreases in annualized metabolic decompensation event (MDE) frequency compared to pre-treatment, and the majority of patients have elected to continue on the open label extension study. The Company's PA program is in a registrational study. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) therapeutic: Moderna's investigational therapeutic for MMA (mRNA-3705) has been selected by the FDA for the Support for Clinical Trials Advancing Rare Disease Therapeutics (START) pilot program. The FDA and Moderna have agreed on the pivotal study design. The Company expects to start a registrational study in 2025. Propionic acidemia (PA) therapeutic: In an ongoing Phase 1/2 study designed to evaluate safety and pharmacology in trial participants with PA, Moderna's investigational therapeutic (mRNA-3927) has been generally well-tolerated to date with no events meeting protocol-defined dose-limiting toxicity criteria. Early results suggest potential decreases in annualized metabolic decompensation event (MDE) frequency compared to pre-treatment, and the majority of patients have elected to continue on the open label extension study. The Company's PA program is in a registrational study. Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) therapeutic: Moderna's investigational therapeutic for MMA (mRNA-3705) has been selected by the FDA for the Support for Clinical Trials Advancing Rare Disease Therapeutics (START) pilot program. The FDA and Moderna have agreed on the pivotal study design. The Company expects to start a registrational study in 2025. Company Updates & Accolades Moderna has been named to LinkedIn's list of Top Companies in the U.S. for the second consecutive year. Moderna debuted on Fortune's annual list of America's Most Innovative Companies. Moderna has been named to LinkedIn's list of Top Companies in the U.S. for the second consecutive year. Moderna debuted on Fortune's annual list of America's Most Innovative Companies. Key 2025 Investor and Analyst Event Dates Analyst Day: November 20 Analyst Day: November 20 Investor Call and Webcast Information Moderna will host a live conference call and webcast at 8:00 a.m. ET on May 1, 2025. To access the live conference call via telephone, please register at the link below. Once registered, dial-in numbers and a unique pin number will be provided. A live webcast of the call will also be available under "Events and Presentations" in the Investors section of the Moderna website. Telephone: https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BI8c3608f9fdff4e00a5cb0cca952a4c3f Webcast: https://investors.modernatx.com Telephone: https://register-conf.media-server.com/register/BI8c3608f9fdff4e00a5cb0cca952a4c3f Webcast: https://investors.modernatx.com The archived webcast will be available on Moderna's website approximately two hours after the conference call and will be available for one year following the call. About Moderna Moderna is a leader in the creation of the field of mRNA medicine. Through the advancement of mRNA technology, Moderna is reimagining how medicines are made and transforming how we treat and prevent disease for everyone. By working at the intersection of science, technology and health for more than a decade, the company has developed medicines at unprecedented speed and efficiency, including one of the earliest and most effective COVID vaccines. Moderna's mRNA platform has enabled the development of therapeutics and vaccines for infectious diseases, immuno-oncology, rare diseases and autoimmune diseases. With a unique culture and a global team driven by the Moderna values and mindsets to responsibly change the future of human health, Moderna strives to deliver the greatest possible impact to people through mRNA medicines. For more information about Moderna, please visit modernatx.com and connect with us on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook, Instagram, YouTube and LinkedIn. MODERNA, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Unaudited, in millions, except per share data) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 $ 86 $ 167 22 - 108 167 90 96 856 1,063 212 274 1,158 1,433 (1,050 ) (1,266 ) 90 120 (4 ) (19 ) (964 ) (1,165 ) 7 10 $ (971 ) $ (1,175 ) $ (2.52 ) $ (3.07 ) 386 382 1Includes grant, collaboration, licensing and royalty, and other miscellaneous revenue. MODERNA, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Unaudited, in millions) March 31, December 31, 2025 2024 $ 1,623 $ 1,927 4,352 5,098 78 358 128 117 585 599 6,766 8,099 2,418 2,494 2,212 2,196 752 759 556 594 $ 12,704 $ 14,142 $ 226 $ 405 1,001 1,427 125 153 252 221 1,604 2,206 58 58 667 671 35 39 274 267 2,638 3,241 982 866 10 (10 ) 9,074 10,045 10,066 10,901 $ 12,704 $ 14,142 MODERNA, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (Unaudited, in millions) Three Months Ended March 31, 2025 2024 $ (971 ) $ (1,175 ) 115 101 39 36 (19 ) (27 ) 8 13 2 3 280 755 46 3 (8 ) (93 ) 9 16 (156 ) (303 ) (381 ) (398 ) (29 ) (33 ) (5 ) (6 ) 33 119 (1,037 ) (989 ) (1,764 ) (2,544 ) 1,933 1,573 688 1,285 (117 ) (196 ) (10 ) - 730 118 3 15 (1 ) - 2 (1 ) 4 14 (303 ) (857 ) 1,929 2,928 $ 1,626 $ 2,071 Spikevax® and mRESVIA® are registered trademarks of Moderna. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, including statements regarding: Moderna's 2025 financial framework, including its expected revenue range and ending cash balance; Moderna's advancement of up to 10 product approvals; Moderna's anticipated cost reductions by 2027; and anticipated milestones for Moderna's pipeline programs. In some cases, forward-looking statements can be identified by terminology such as "will," "may," "should," "could," "expects," "intends," "plans," "aims," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," "continue," or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. The forward-looking statements in this press release are neither promises nor guarantees, and you should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements because they involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors, many of which are beyond Moderna's control and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. These risks, uncertainties, and other factors include, among others, those risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Risk Factors" in Moderna's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024, filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and in subsequent filings made by Moderna with the SEC, which are available on the SEC's website at www.sec.gov. Except as required by law, Moderna disclaims any intention or responsibility for updating or revising any forward-looking statements contained in this press release in the event of new information, future developments or otherwise. These forward-looking statements are based on Moderna's current expectations and speak only as of the date of this press release. ### Moderna Contacts Media: Chris Ridley Head of Global Media Relations +1 617-800-3651 Chris.Ridley@modernatx.com Investors: Lavina Talukdar Senior Vice President & Head of Investor Relations +1 617-209-5834 Lavina.Talukdar@modernatx.com SOURCE: Moderna, Inc.

TARA-002 demonstrates 100% complete response rate at any time and 67% 12-month landmark complete response rate in BCG-Unresponsive patients TARA-002 demonstrates 76% complete response rate at any time and 43% 12-month landmark complete response rate in BCG-Naïve patients Favorable safety and tolerability profile with no Grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events On track to present updated interim data from approximately 25 six-month evaluable BCG-Unresponsive patients by the end of 2025 Company to host conference call and webcast on Monday, April 28, 2025, at 8:30 a.m. ET April 26, 2025 -- Protara Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: TARA), a clinical-stage company developing transformative therapies for the treatment of cancer and rare diseases, today announced updated results from its ongoing Phase 2 open-label ADVANCED-2 trial assessing intravesical TARA-002, the Company’s investigational cell-based therapy, in high-risk Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC) patients with carcinoma in situ, or CIS (± Ta/T1), who are Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Unresponsive or BCG-Naïve. The results will be featured today during an interactive poster session at the American Urological Association 2025 Annual Meeting in Las Vegas. “For patients with high-risk NMIBC, there are few effective and durable therapies available other than radical cystectomy, which we know is quite difficult for patients to tolerate,” said Tom Jayram, M.D., Director of the Advanced Therapeutics Center at Urology Associates, and ADVANCED-2 study investigator. “TARA-002 has shown impressive efficacy, safety profile, and 12-month durability in its Phase 2 trial. In the clinic, we have seen TARA-002 become easily integrated into workflow without major hurdles for the patients or staff. This combination of clinical activity and ease of use makes me optimistic about TARA-002 having a meaningful impact in clinical practice.” BCG-Unresponsive Cohort The BCG-Unresponsive dataset includes a total of five patients, all of whom were six- and nine-month evaluable, and three of whom were evaluable at 12 months as of an April 16, 2025 data cutoff. The complete response (CR) rate at any time in BCG-Unresponsive patients was 100% (5/5). The CR rate in BCG-Unresponsive patients was 100% (5/5) at six months, 80% (4/5) at nine months, and 67% (2/3) at 12 months. BCG-Naïve Cohort The BCG-Naïve dataset includes a total of 21 patients, including 16 evaluable at six months, eight at nine months, and seven at 12 months as of an April 16, 2025 data cutoff. The CR rate at any time in BCG-Naïve patients was 76% (16/21). The CR rate in BCG-Naïve patients was 63% (10/16) at six months, 63% (5/8) at nine months, and 43% (3/7) at 12 months. ADVANCED-2 (NCT05951179) is a Phase 2 open-label trial assessing intravesical TARA-002 in NMIBC patients with carcinoma in situ or CIS (± Ta/T1) who are Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-Unresponsive (n≈100) and BCG-Naïve (n=31). The BCG-Unresponsive cohort has been designed to be registrational in alignment with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s 2024 BCG-Unresponsive Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Developing Drugs and Biological Products for Treatment, Draft Guidance for Industry. TARA-002 is an investigational cell therapy in development for the treatment of NMIBC and of LMs, for which it has been granted Rare Pediatric Disease Designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. TARA-002 was developed from the same master cell bank of genetically distinct group A Streptococcus pyogenes as OK-432, a broad immunopotentiator marketed as Piciban When TARA-002 is administered, it is hypothesized that innate and adaptive immune cells within the cyst or tumor are activated and produce a pro-inflammatory response with release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma IL-6, IL-10, IL-12. TARA-002 also directly kills tumor cells and triggers a host immune response by inducing immunogenic cell death, which further enhances the antitumor immune response. Bladder cancer is the 6th most common cancer in the United States, with NMIBC representing approximately 80% of bladder cancer diagnoses. Approximately 65,000 patients are diagnosed with NMIBC in the United States each year. NMIBC is cancer found in the tissue that lines the inner surface of the bladder that has not spread into the bladder muscle. Protara is a clinical-stage biotechnology company committed to advancing transformative therapies for people with cancer and rare diseases. Protara’s portfolio includes its lead candidate, TARA-002, an investigational cell-based therapy in development for the treatment of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and lymphatic malformations (LMs). The Company is evaluating TARA-002 in an ongoing Phase 2 trial in NMIBC patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) who are unresponsive or naïve to treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), as well as a Phase 2 trial in pediatric patients with LMs. Additionally, Protara is developing IV Choline Chloride, an investigational phospholipid substrate replacement for patients on parenteral nutrition who are otherwise unable to meet their choline needs via oral or enteral routes. The content above comes from the network. if any infringement, please contact us to modify.