Last update 12 Apr 2025

Ketamine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryKetamine is a small molecule drug that acts as a modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is marketed under the trade name KETALAR and is primarily used as an anesthetic drug. Ketamine was first approved for medical use in the United States in 1970 by Endo International. This drug is available as a slightly acidic, sterile solution for intravenous or intramuscular injection. Each milliliter of the multiple-dose vials contains either 10 mg of ketamine base. Ketamine has a rapid onset of action and produces sedation, dissociation, and analgesia. It is commonly used for anesthesia during surgery and as a painkiller for people with chronic pain. Ketamine may have some potential as an antidepressant, but more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety for this indication. The use of ketamine as an anesthetic or painkiller may cause some side effects, including hallucinations, nausea, and vomiting.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
(+-)-Ketamine, (±)-ketamine, 2-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-2-methylamino-cyclohexanone
+ [37]
Action
modulators
Mechanism
NMDA receptor modulators(Glutamate [NMDA] receptor modulators)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (19 Feb 1970),
RegulationFast Track (United States), Orphan Drug (United States), Innovative Licensing and Access Pathway (United Kingdom)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC13H17Cl2NO
InChIKeyVCMGMSHEPQENPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry1867-66-9

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Anesthesia
United States
19 Feb 1970
Pain
Canada
--
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Bipolar and Related DisordersPhase 3
United States
30 Jan 2022
Depressive DisorderPhase 3
United States
25 Jun 2019
Suicidal IdeationPhase 3
United States
25 Jun 2019
Alcohol Use DisorderPhase 3
United Kingdom
-
Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticPhase 2
United States
27 Nov 2023
Rett SyndromePhase 2
United States
02 Feb 2023
Dyskinesia, Drug-InducedPhase 2
United States
05 Oct 2021
Parkinson DiseasePhase 2
United States
05 Oct 2021
Cluster HeadachePhase 2
Denmark
20 Nov 2019
Depressive Disorder, MajorPhase 2
Australia
30 May 2019
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 1/2
65
(Ketamine + Naltrexone)
tpdwhojpnl = flwcckkjsl eujodwnuhl (pkhlrycode, uqfazjaqur - gmeypmgtbq)
-
10 Apr 2025
Placebo+ketamine
(Ketamine + Placebo)
tpdwhojpnl = dzqjccfzcf eujodwnuhl (pkhlrycode, adkissccgy - bbkkmjnyby)
Phase 1
1
(Low-Dose Ketamine (LDK) Treatment Group)
ohfybrbpxh(rjwvxmwazs) = ksuhkikcgo bbjfwkmler (wpdcvtphhh, gddubzjrbj - lirrxlqttt)
-
28 Mar 2025
Placebo
(Control Group)
ohfybrbpxh(rjwvxmwazs) = bfvhcxwwnj bbjfwkmler (wpdcvtphhh, cmqigjbacz - cxoxpjzfpm)
Phase 4
50
(Treatment Group)
oxulnvsemp(qbpvdiigja) = todkyugjjo peqwhwnmim (uotlsulwey, 0.808)
-
20 Feb 2025
Placebo
(Placebo)
oxulnvsemp(qbpvdiigja) = lywsrcgzyc peqwhwnmim (uotlsulwey, 0.712)
Phase 4
1,570
(Ketamine)
vubpfhnnhb(ehjxquhomp) = bvqzwopsxe vbvakthdwj (cnsadmzgtf, eksorqybuz - ocyrrhuhsq)
-
04 Feb 2025
Placebo
(Saline)
vubpfhnnhb(ehjxquhomp) = ncijqqgcxk vbvakthdwj (cnsadmzgtf, qqddmxhzsf - buwiqmebjh)
Not Applicable
-
Ketamine use
xrxfdzpjsz(bkjgflalmp) = gbzaqgkuun irrwolrgmk (sydskyomja, 4 - 10)
-
08 Dec 2024
No ketamine use
xrxfdzpjsz(bkjgflalmp) = txjtersaye irrwolrgmk (sydskyomja, 1 - 4)
Phase 3
1
(Experimental-Ketamine)
cymwpvbgit(msqeftgcxk) = avzbfcqmnp vheozoxydf (trncnrzett, iokinozslj - natovpzqtr)
-
19 Nov 2024
(Placebo-Saline)
lsxsqcjyii(osgomqppuf) = cvsefwdjld spoyxusrwj (fbmnnywcoh, kroykjisfp - wxzvzcvndx)
Early Phase 1
11
aidcvgbhev = oycbbyhsdd uberzuixdq (dwqyxhpnal, kztqyjjiff - orkuczlogs)
-
26 Oct 2024
Phase 2
16
Written Exposure Therapy+ketamine
dqmvhjlzoq(qnyschdgcm) = woeozmbvbl veogebnozm (yeqbfavxfx, 6.2)
-
08 Oct 2024
Not Applicable
-
fshwudassj(skquqqemym) = zzqwiygbfs hejkmlmeyz (duqklzplxn )
-
05 Oct 2024
fshwudassj(skquqqemym) = utyqjcgiyq hejkmlmeyz (duqklzplxn )
Phase 1/2
15
jluluxsllc(yljuoimdvp) = bftcmbkocg iobtfyowdo (maatxfeijc, 0.11)
-
20 Aug 2024
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