Delving into the Latest Updates on Morphine Sulfate with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryMorphine Sulfate, an exceptional and potent drug, selectively targets opioid receptors in the body, providing unsurpassed relief from pain and its associated effects. As an agonist, it stimulates mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors, binding and activating these specific receptors, and serving as an impeccable option for managing severe pain, such as that resulting from cancer or post-surgery. The drug underwent extensive regulatory scrutiny and was granted approval in September 1984. Since then, it has become a widely used and trusted means of pain management, despite being a controlled substance that requires prescriptions from healthcare providers due to its potential for abuse and addiction. Patients should be mindful of the range of potential side effects associated with Morphine Sulfate, including dizziness, nausea, constipation, respiratory depression, among others. Hence, it is of utmost importance for patients to be well-informed about the risks associated with its use and adhere to their healthcare provider's guidance meticulously.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Morphine Sulfate Hydrate, Morphinhydrochloricum, EG-P066

+ [36]

Target

Opioid receptors

Action

agonists

Mechanism

Opioid receptors agonists(Opioid receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Acute PainCancer PainPain+ [1]

Inactive Indication

AnesthesiaArthralgiaHallux Valgus+ [7]

Originator Organization

Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Active Organization

Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.

Teikoku Seiyaku Co. Ltd.

Fresenius Kabi USA LLC

+ [9]

Inactive Organization

Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Pfizer Inc.

West-Ward Pharmaceutical Corp.

+ [8]

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (18 Sep 1984),

Chronic Pain

RegulationFast Track (United States)

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC34H40N2O10S

InChIKeyUSAHOPJHPJHUNS-IFCNUISUSA-N

CAS Registry64-31-3

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if morphine added to the spinal anaesthesia can improve postoperative pain treatment for patients undergoing caesarean section, without increasing the risk of serious adverse events in mother and baby.
The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Is the treatment effective in preventing postoperative pain?
* Is the treatment safe for both mother and baby?
Participants will be given a normal spinal anaesthesia with addition of either morphine or sodium chloride (inactive substance). All participants will receive standard postoperative pain treatment, including morphine tablets as needed. Researchers will collect data from the electronic medical record and ask the participants to fill out questionnaires about pain levels and possible side effects.

Start Date01 Jun 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Zealand University Hospital

CTRI/2025/03/082707

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Evaluating the efficacy of combination of low dose Methadone with Morphine vs Morphine for pain management in Gastrointestinal cancers- a Randomised Control Trial - NIL

Start Date01 Jun 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Morphine Sulfate

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Morphine Sulfate

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

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49,386

Literatures (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

31 Dec 2025·Gut Microbes

Gut dysbiosis was inevitable, but tolerance was not: temporal responses of the murine microbiota that maintain its capacity for butyrate production correlate with sustained antinociception to chronic morphine

Article

Author: Calawa, Jennifer ; Rosa, Zachary ; Whistler, Jennifer L. ; Whistler, Cheryl A. ; Felth, Lindsey ; Pavlik, Nadia ; Foxall, Randi ; Maret, Soren ; Sall, Izabella ; Gaur, Anirudh

The therapeutic benefits of opioids are compromised by the development of analgesic tolerance, which necessitates higher dosing for pain management thereby increasing the liability for drug dependence and addiction. Rodent models indicate opposing roles of the gut microbiota in tolerance: morphine-induced gut dysbiosis exacerbates tolerance, whereas probiotics ameliorate tolerance. Not all individuals develop tolerance, which could be influenced by differences in microbiota, and yet no study design has capitalized upon this natural variation. We leveraged natural behavioral variation in a murine model of voluntary oral morphine self-administration to elucidate the mechanisms by which microbiota influences tolerance. Although all mice shared similar morphine-driven microbiota changes that largely masked informative associations with variability in tolerance, our high-resolution temporal analyses revealed a divergence in the progression of dysbiosis that best explained sustained antinociception. Mice that did not develop tolerance maintained a higher capacity for production of the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) butyrate known to bolster intestinal barriers and promote neuronal homeostasis. Both fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) from donor mice that did not develop tolerance and dietary butyrate supplementation significantly reduced the development of tolerance independently of suppression of systemic inflammation. These findings could inform immediate therapies to extend the analgesic efficacy of opioids.

01 Jul 2025·TALANTA

Portable solvent-assisted thermal desorption ionization mass spectrometry for highly sensitive detection of illicit drugs in hair

Article

Author: Wu, Yong ; Tang, Keqi ; Han, Renlu ; Gao, Wenqing ; Yu, Jiancheng ; Wu, Sifang ; Wang, Chenlu ; Xu, Feng

Portable mass spectrometers have played an important role in the rapid field detection of drugs; however, interference from matrix components, such as salts, solvents, and other metabolites, often leads to high rates of false positives and false negatives, making it challenging to meet the requirements for rapid field detection. To mitigate these challenges, a solvent-assisted thermal desorption ionization source has been developed, which enables rapid screening, improved accuracy and quantitative MS analysis. This ionization source is designed to allow the introduction of sample solution into the thermal desorption chamber with coaxial solvent and gas flows. The sample is introduced into a closed high-temperature thermal desorption chamber by the coaxial gas flow, where it is rapidly vaporized, enabling a concentrated ionization and avoiding chemical interferences from the environment. The use of both a solvent flow and a guiding gas flow in the new ion source design effectively reduces the sample deposition on the inner surface of the glass liner in the thermal desorption chamber and minimize cross contamination and the interferences from salts in the sample, a significant 1.8-5 fold enhancement in the signal intensity of the drug was observed, and accommodates a large sample volume injection for a significantly increased sensitivity, repeatability, and accuracy of MS detection. By integrating this novel solvent-assisted thermal desorption ionization source with a portable mass spectrometer and employing a selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode, the linear dynamic ranges of detection for ketamine, cocaine, and morphine in the hair matrix have shown to be 1-20 ng/mg, with R² > 0.99. The recovery rates for the three tested illicit drugs are all within the range of 92.28 %-104.66 %. Both intra-day and inter-day precision remain to be below 10 %, indicating high measurement accuracy and stability. The limit of detection (LOD) for ketamine, cocaine, and morphine at 0.2 ng/mg has also been achieved, which is significantly better than those by using conventional methodologies. The technique developed through this study provides a reliable tool for in situ rapid analysis of illicit drugs in hair.

01 Jul 2025·JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

Association between organic micropollutants in tap water and human exposure and birth outcomes: Implications for environmental health in northern Puerto Rico

Article

Author: Kaeli, David ; Rich, Stephanie L ; Padilla, Ingrid Y ; Manjourides, Justin ; Alshawabkeh, Akram N ; Gao, Griffith ; Feng, Yinmei ; Rosario-Pabón, Zaira ; Helbling, Damian E ; Li, Guangyu ; Gu, April Z ; Vega, Carmen Velez ; Meeker, John D

The presence of micropollutants in Puerto Rico's tap water, potentially linked to nearby Superfund sites, was hypothesized to contribute to the region's higher preterm birth rate than the US mainland. This study analyzed the presence of 175 micropollutants in tap water samples collected from participant households and evaluated their association with human exposure using 14 oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers in urine samples collected from pregnant participants, and further with the subsequent birth outcome information. Notably, three out of four oxidative stress biomarkers consistently showed negative correlations with five micropollutant categories, highlighting the oxidative stress induced by these contaminants. For the ten selected inflammation-related biomarkers, two showed positive yet not significant correlations with the five categories of micropollutants and, only one biomarker (MMP1), an inflammation biomarker whose down-regulation was associated with pre-mature birth implications, showed significant negative correlation with industrial chemicals and pesticides. Interestingly, the detected urinary phthalate metabolites in pregnant women could not be linked with the two parent phthalates found in the tap water, suggesting that the two phthalates in tap water may not be the primary source of phthalate exposure to human body. Furthermore, hormones in tap water showed significant moderate-to-strong negative correlations with birth outcomes, raising specific health concerns for pregnant women in northern Puerto Rico. This is the first study to investigate the association among a wider spectrum of tap water micropollutants with pregnancy exposure and birth outcome in Puerto Rico and provide insights into water quality and associated human health impacts.

165

News (Medical) associated with Morphine Sulfate

27 May 2025

·investor.cumberlandpharma.com

NEW STUDY FINDS CALDOLOR® SAFE AND EFFECTIVE FOR OPIOID-SPARING PAIN MANAGEMENT IN OLDER ADULTS

Analysis Shows 23% Reduction in Morphine Use with Favorable Safety Profile in Patients 60 Years of Age and Older NASHVILLE, Tenn., May 27, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. (Nasdaq: CPIX), a specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced the publication of its study investigating Caldolor® (intravenous ibuprofen) in older patients. The analysis evaluated the safety and efficacy of Caldolor for the management of pain and fever in patients 60 years of age and older. It marks an important advancement in pain management for older individuals, as it's one of the first studies specifically evaluating Caldolor in this vulnerable population. Pain management in older patients presents unique challenges due to their increased sensitivity to opioid analgesics and higher risk of side effects. Nearly one-third of all ambulatory surgeries are performed on older patients, yet this population is often underrepresented in clinical trials, highlighting an important medical need addressed in this study. A post-hoc subgroup analysis was performed using data from four prospective clinical studies in which Caldolor was administered for the treatment of pain and/or fever in hospitalized patients. The efficacy analysis included 591 patients from two placebo-controlled trials, with safety assessed across all 1,041 patients. "These results provide compelling evidence that intravenous ibuprofen is both safe and effective for managing post-operative pain in older patients," said Dr. Tong Joo Gan, MD, MBA, Division Head of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine at MD Anderson Cancer Center. "The significant reduction in opioid consumption is particularly important for this vulnerable population, who face heightened risks from opioid-related adverse events including falls, respiratory depression and cognitive impairment." "We've long recognized the need for effective non-opioid analgesic options for older surgical patients," noted Dr. Stephen Southworth, MD, four-time board-certified orthopaedic surgeon at Orthopaedic Institute of North Mississippi. "This analysis demonstrates that Caldolor not only reduces pain intensity but also decreases the need for opioid medication, potentially improving overall recovery outcomes in this growing demographic. The majority of pain from injury and surgery is inflammatory in nature and is unaddressed by opioids which is why Caldolor has become a cornerstone of our multi-modal pain regimen." Key findings include: Caldolor treatment resulted in a 24% reduction in pain at rest (p=0.008) and a 20% reduction in pain with movement (p=0.001) between 6 and 24 hours post-surgery compared with placebo. Caldolor treatment led to a 23.2% reduction in total post-operative morphine requirement (p=0.031) compared with placebo. The incidence of adverse events was lower in Caldolor-treated patients compared to placebo (55% vs 90% in older patients). No notable increases in gastrointestinal, renal, cardiovascular or bleeding adverse events were observed with Caldolor treatment. There were no significant differences in the efficacy and safety profiles of Caldolor in older patients compared with those in younger patients, despite the higher cumulative doses of the product administered to older patients. "These impressive results validate our commitment to providing safe and effective pain management options across diverse patient populations," said A.J. Kazimi, Chief Executive Officer of Cumberland Pharmaceuticals. "As the global aging population continues to grow, there is an increasing need for evidence-based treatment approaches specifically evaluated in older individuals. This analysis demonstrates that Caldolor can be an important component of multimodal analgesia regimens for older patients, supporting our mission to improve patient care through innovative therapies." Today's announcement builds on Cumberland's ongoing commitment to expanding the clinical applications of Caldolor. In June 2023, the company announced the publication of positive results from a clinical study investigating the safety and pharmacokinetics of Caldolor in newborn infants, which supported the FDA approval of Caldolor for use in infants 3 to 6 months of age. With these latest findings in older patients, Cumberland continues to demonstrate Caldolor's safety and efficacy across the full age spectrum, from infants to older adults. Caldolor is FDA-approved for the management of mild to moderate pain, management of moderate to severe pain as an adjunct to opioid analgesics, and reduction of fever in adults and pediatric patients three months and older. This new data supports its use specifically in the older patient population. Next steps include further outreach to health care providers treating older patients to share these important findings. More information regarding Cumberland's approved products can be found at www.cumberlandpharma.com. References: Gan TJ, et al. The Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Ibuprofen in Older Patients: A Retrospective Subgroup Analysis. Clinical Therapeutics 2025. About Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. is the largest biopharmaceutical company founded and headquartered in Tennessee and is focused on providing unique products that improve the quality of patient care. The company develops, acquires, and commercializes products for the hospital acute care, gastroenterology and oncology market segments. The Company's portfolio of FDA-approved brands includes: Acetadote® (acetylcysteine) injection, for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning; Caldolor® (ibuprofen) injection, for the treatment of pain and fever; Kristalose® (lactulose) oral, a prescription laxative, for the treatment of constipation; Sancuso® (granisetron) transdermal, for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in patients receiving certain types of chemotherapy treatment; Vaprisol® (conivaptan) injection, to raise serum sodium levels in hospitalized patients with euvolemic and hypervolemic hyponatremia; and Vibativ® (telavancin) injection, for the treatment of certain serious bacterial infections including hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia, as well as complicated skin and skin structure infections. The company also has Phase 2 clinical studies evaluating its ifetroban product candidate in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, systemic sclerosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. For more information on Cumberland's approved products, including full prescribing information, please visit the individual product websites, which can be found on the company's website: www.cumberlandpharma.com. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements, which are subject to certain risks and reflect Cumberland's current views on future events based on what it believes are reasonable assumptions. No assurance can be given that these events will occur. Forward-looking statements include, among other things, statements regarding the company's intent, belief or expectations, and can be identified by the use of terminology such as "may," "will," "expect," "believe," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "should," "seek," "anticipate," "look forward" and other comparable terms or the negative thereof. As with any business, all phases of Cumberland's operations are subject to factors outside of its control, and any one or combination of these factors could materially affect Cumberland's operation results. These factors include macroeconomic conditions, including rising interest rates and inflation, competition, an inability of manufacturers to produce Cumberland's products on a timely basis, failure of manufacturers to comply with regulations applicable to pharmaceutical manufacturers, natural disasters, public health epidemics, maintaining an effective sales and marketing infrastructure, and other events beyond the company's control as more fully discussed in its most recent annual report on Form 10-K as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), as well as the company's other filings with the SEC from time to time. There can be no assurance that results anticipated by the company will be realized or that they will have the expected effects. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date hereof. The company does not undertake any obligation to publicly revise these statements to reflect events after the date hereof. View original content to download multimedia:https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-study-finds-caldolor-safe-and-effective-for-opioid-sparing-pain-management-in-older-adults-302466205.html SOURCE Cumberland Pharmaceuticals Inc. Investor Contact: Shayla Simpson, Cumberland Pharmaceuticals, (615) 255-0068; Media Contact: Molly Aggas, Dalton Agency, (704) 641-6641

Clinical ResultPhase 2Drug Approval

17 Mar 2025

·www.fiercepharma.com

Dr. Reddy’s, Sun Pharma and Zydus issue US recalls, citing failed specs and labeling issues

Multiple drugmakers have had to yank their products in the U.S. this year over manufacturing and quality concerns. A trio of drugmakers have issued separate recalls in the U.S. thanks to string of production flubs, including failed impurity and dissolution specifications and incorrect labelling of infusion bags.The companies behind the product pulls are Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, Sun Pharma and Zydus Pharmaceuticals, all three of which hail from India. The drugmakers are recalling seizure treatments, painkillers and a chemotherapy drug, respectively, according to the FDA’s online enforcement report, which the regulator uses to catalogue recalls. In the case of Dr. Reddy’s, the company unveiled a voluntary recall on March 13 for one lot of 1,000 mg/100 ml single-dose levetiracetam infusion bags that had been shipped out across the U.S. in early November. The infusion bags from the suspect batch were incorrectly labeled as 500 mg/100 ml levetiracetam in 0.82% sodium chloride injection, while the aluminum overwrap packaging correctly identifies the product as levetiracetam in 0.75% sodium chloride injection 1,000 mg/100 ml, Dr. Reddy’s explained in its recall notice.Levetiracetam is typically used to treat certain types of seizures when patients are unable to take an oral medication. Although Dr. Reddy’s says there have so far been no reported safety events related to the product pull, patients receiving higher-than-expected doses of the drug by rapid intravenous infusion are at risk of “immediate and serious side effects,” including liver injury, respiratory depression and coma, the company explained. Sun Pharma, for its part, is recalling nearly 10,000 100 mg bottles of morphine sulfate extended-release tablets after the products failed to meet FDA dissolution specifications. The painkillers are part of lot AD16615, which was set to expire in July. The morphine sulfate tablets at issue were distributed nationwide, according to the FDA’s enforcement report.Sun initiated the Class II recall on Feb. 6. The tablets were manufactured by the Indian drugmaker’s subsidiary Ohm Laboratories in New Brunswick, New Jersey.Lastly, Zydus Pharmaceuticals initiated two separate Class II recalls on Feb. 13 covering a whopping 38,871 vials of the chemotherapy injection nelarabine, which were manufactured at the company’s Ahmedabad, India, production facility.The drugmaker issued the recall due to failed impurity and degradation specifications, the FDA’s enforcement report notes.The far-reaching product pull accounts for more than 20 lots of the chemotherapy med, which were set to expire as early as last month or as late as July 2026, depending on the specific batch. Multiple drugmakers have had to yank their products in the U.S. this year, with one recent recall yielding significant interest for its scope and treatment type.Earlier this month, Glenmark Pharma revealed it was recalling some 1.48 million bottles of the generic attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) drug atomoxetine after detecting unacceptable levels of a possible carcinogen in the product.Atomoxetine—previously sold by Eli Lilly under the brand name Strattera—is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI) independent of the stimulant-based offerings that make up the bulk of ADHD treatment.

Drug Approval

06 Mar 2025

·endpts.com

Corrected: Merck KGaA’s mixed Phase 2 lupus results; Zymeworks pauses work on ADC

Plus, news about Tris Pharma and ARS Pharmaceuticals: Merck KGaA’s lupus drug yields mixed data in mid-stage trial: The drugmaker’s TLR7/8 inhibitor, called enpatoran, missed one of two Phase 2 primary endpoints in a cohort of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, according to chief financial officer Helene von Roeder on the company’s earnings call on Thursday. The drug previously showed promise patients with cutaneous lupus in the same trial, and Merck said the overall data support further development. — Ayisha Sharma Zymeworks deprioritizes ADC: The company is pausing Phase 1 development of ZW220, which is designed to target sodium-dependent phosphate transporter 2b. It had been considering testing the ADC in ovarian and non-small cell lung cancer. Zymeworks noted that the program still has “strong commercial rationale with partnership potential.” — Max Gelman Tris Pharma reports another Phase 3 success for pain drug: The treatment, called cebranopadol, succeeded in a trial measuring its pain reduction abilities after surgical bunion removal. The win comes less than two months after a Phase 3 study in patients who had undergone tummy tucks also met its primary endpoint. The drug is designed to target the pathway used by painkillers like Vicodin and morphine to create their sedative and analgesic effects as well as another receptor that has a “modulatory role” on that pathway (though it still belongs to the broader family of opioid receptors). — Max Gelman ARS Pharmaceuticals’ neffy gets another approval: The company said Wednesday that the FDA approved neffy 1 mg to treat Type I allergic reactions in children who are at least 4 years old and hit a weight requirement. The nasal spray was first approved in the US last summer. — Jaimy Lee Editor’s note: This article and its headline were corrected to note that Merck KGaA’s lupus trial had mixed data and to correct a quote attribution. A previous version of the article incorrectly stated that the trial had failed.

Phase 3Phase 2Drug ApprovalPhase 1ADC

100 Deals associated with Morphine Sulfate

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Morphine Sulfate	N02AA01	DB00295

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Acute Pain	United States	Hikma Pharmaceuticals International Ltd.	17 Mar 2008
Cancer Pain	Japan	Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1989
Pain	United States	Purdue Pharma LP	29 May 1987
Chronic Pain	United States	Hikma Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc.	18 Sep 1984

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Opioid-Related Disorders	Phase 3	Canada	Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd.	06 Dec 2019
Osteoarthritis, Knee	Phase 3	United States	Pfizer Inc.	01 Dec 2006
Pain, Postoperative	Phase 3	United States	Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 May 2006
Neoplasms	Phase 2	Lithuania	Egalet Ltd.	01 Aug 2007
Neoplasms	Phase 2	Poland	Egalet Ltd.	01 Aug 2007
Hallux Valgus	Phase 2	-	Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jan 2005
Toothache	Phase 2	-	Javelin Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Sep 2001
Arthralgia	Phase 2	China	Hebei Aoxing Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-
Neuralgia	Phase 2	China	Hebei Aoxing Group Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	-
Anesthesia	Phase 1	-	Pfizer Inc.	01 Aug 2010

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03431285 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Vaso-occlusive crisis \| Pain \| Anemia, Sickle Cell	278	standard IV hydration+Morphine (Morphine Group)	zcmfngyseo(ubkfzxshvk) = vvoqljiaej iurqcpxppc (rhrovdoaqj, 1.90) View more	-	28 May 2025
				standard IV hydration+Ketamine Group (Ketamine Group)	zcmfngyseo(ubkfzxshvk) = itogtyroao iurqcpxppc (rhrovdoaqj, 2.13) View more
NCT03396588 (No-POPPY, CTgov)	Phase 3	Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome \| Brain Injuries	120	Clonidine (Clonidine)	sniwtluxob(dtrprrzopt) = jsjwriifwy fowxhtltrv (jvovqxmkli, auvogrmvyu - alctvevwlh) View more	-	23 May 2025
				Morphine (Morphine)	sniwtluxob(dtrprrzopt) = jztvnhrntc fowxhtltrv (jvovqxmkli, thgdyesdyj - kcxaafbfso) View more
ATS2025	Not Applicable	Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive	-	Low-Dose Morphine 20mg/day	dlkrrzvhyf(mdxsslzshi) = iipaoibojd fobevdsqyc (gknkydycjg )	-	16 May 2025
				Placebo	dlkrrzvhyf(mdxsslzshi) = hzammdqapf fobevdsqyc (gknkydycjg )
NCT05506930 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Analgesia	14	Intrathecal Morphine (Intrathecal Morphine)	qnwqgtmdaq(czhlvjfsdz) = zmoyorzago gvauoodywx (omqyxeekon, 0.8) View more	-	15 Apr 2025
				Quadratus lumborum block (Quadratus Lumborum Block)	qnwqgtmdaq(czhlvjfsdz) = thtixfclrs gvauoodywx (omqyxeekon, 1.4) View more
NCT04214834 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome	189	methadone+morphine (Rapid Wean)	ybjkxnqiww(qipehttsqm) = cwwzdcpcmf fohqwepmhb (vlhbujljxs, 6.3) View more	-	13 Mar 2025
				methadone+morphine (Slow Wean)	ybjkxnqiww(qipehttsqm) = ewgvzstrut fohqwepmhb (vlhbujljxs, 6.1) View more
NCT04316871 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Neoplasms	96	1.5 mg of Morphine Sulfate (Group A)	yrhlrdbyom(imbvkoydwf) = qenfzeafdl lahhsjbfjd (heqjwfycxn, 5.6115) View more	-	05 Mar 2025
				3 mg of Morphine Sulfate (Group B)	yrhlrdbyom(imbvkoydwf) = fkjclbqdqa lahhsjbfjd (heqjwfycxn, 3.5273) View more
NCT02473276 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Post-Dural Puncture Headache	44	Sterile normal saline+Morphine (EPID PFM)	vrgtiecbsn = jreqimkhgf juenkxtpqu (jkcoskhdmd, rrxeqaxfff - neajgliqvb) View more	-	05 Feb 2025
				Sterile normal saline (EPID SAL)	vrgtiecbsn = uttaqwagxv juenkxtpqu (jkcoskhdmd, nhlrgbbscj - kufkbvlnwr) View more
NCT03427463 (CTgov)	Early Phase 1	Analgesia	229	receiving 0.1 mg IT morphine (Receiving 0.1 mg IT Morphine)	ebgmciuvrb(qocxjoxeqx) = bbxestscvk bvddueppsy (myachykqgi, sgszeeomaw - amlyamsvya) View more	-	19 Dec 2024
				recieving 0.05 mg IT morphine (Recieving 0.05 mg IT Morphine)	ebgmciuvrb(qocxjoxeqx) = fpvcjelqwt bvddueppsy (myachykqgi, bnhqcvwbdr - bkftabmsho) View more
NCT03249558 (Duloxetine, CTgov)	Phase 4	Low Back Pain \| Chronic Pain \| Neck Pain	81	Duloxetine+Morphine (Morphine, Duloxetine)	zxezehmgjw(ryfhzveqdf) = tnghvvznbt zndicgkzrf (evfzbulren, 2.05) View more	-	14 Nov 2024
				Placebo+Morphine (Morphine, Placebo Duloxetine)	zxezehmgjw(ryfhzveqdf) = anscequsba zndicgkzrf (evfzbulren, 2.16) View more
UEGW2024	Not Applicable	-	-	Opium tincture	qikabgtaxv(lrhocswfxo) = hywmflntou ohcllhnvrt (wylpbjiyby, 197 - 253) View more	-	13 Oct 2024
				Placebo	qikabgtaxv(lrhocswfxo) = egkpsrjbnh ohcllhnvrt (wylpbjiyby, 140 - 195) View more