Delving into the Latest Updates on Estradiol with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryEstradiol (E2), a predominant female sex hormone and a member of the estrogen family, is responsible for regulating the menstrual and estrous cycles. It plays a pivotal role in orchestrating the development of female secondary sexual characteristics such as breast growth, widening of the hips, and a characteristic fat distribution pattern, as well as the development and sustenance of female reproductive tissues such as the mammary glands, uterus, and vagina. Apart from these crucial functions, E2 exerts significant effects on various other tissues in the body, including the liver, bone, fat, skin, and the brain. Estradiol activates both subtypes of the estrogen receptor (ERα and ERβ), is considered a potent agonist of these nuclear steroid hormone receptors. The hormone has multiple clinical applications, such as treating menopause symptoms, preventing osteoporosis in menopausal women, and treating low estrogen levels in women with ovarian failure. Moreover, it is also indicated in the treatment of certain types of breast and prostate cancer, which highlights its versatility and clinical significance. Interestingly, E2 is available in a diverse range of forms including oral tablets, topical gels or patches, vaginal creams, and injections, which provide ample options for individuals to choose from, based on their unique and specific requirements, preferences, and medical history.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

17β-estradiol, 17β-Oestradiol, E2

+ [71]

Target

ER

Action

agonists

Mechanism

ERs agonists(Estrogen receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Cardiovascular DiseasesEndocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseSkin and Musculoskeletal Diseases+ [2]

Active Indication

InfertilityOvarian StimulationsDyspareunia+ [11]

Inactive Indication

Advanced Prostate CarcinomaAlzheimer DiseaseBurns+ [11]

Originator Organization

Mylan NV

Active Organization

Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.WATSON LABS INC

Les Laboratoires Servier SAS

+ [22]

Inactive Organization

Novo Nordisk A/S

Renovo Ltd.

Upsher-Smith Laboratories LLC

+ [12]

License Organization

Theramex HQ U.K Ltd.

Knight Orthodontics

Mayne Pharma Ltd.

+ [4]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (22 Dec 1994),

HypoestrogenismUterine HemorrhageVasomotor symptom+ [1]

RegulationOrphan Drug (United States)

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC18H24O2

InChIKeyVOXZDWNPVJITMN-ZBRFXRBCSA-N

CAS Registry50-28-2

Women living with HIV have been shown to experience more frequent and severe hot flashes and night sweats (collectively known as vasomotor symptoms) as compared to women living without HIV. This correlates with disturbed sleep, increased depressive symptoms, increased anxiety, worse mental function, interference with activities of daily living including work, and worse overall quality of life.
Hormone therapy is considered to be the most effective therapy for hot flashes and night sweats and the most appropriate choice to prevent bone loss at the time of menopause for women without HIV. However, the usefulness of hormone therapy has not been specifically studied in women living with HIV.
This trial is being done to see if:
* There is evidence to support the use of hormone therapy (estradiol with or without progesterone) for the treatment of hot flashes and night sweats in women living with HIV
* Hormone therapy improves mental function, mood, sleep, quality of life, bone health, heart health, and inflammation in women living with HIV
* Hormone therapy is safe and tolerable for women living with HIV

Start Date18 Jun 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

National Institute on Aging

[+3]

CTRI/2025/04/084727

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A retrospective investigator-initiated study to observe the effectiveness and safety of estradiolhemihydrate tablet usage vaginally in patients with thin endometrial for endometrial preparation inFrozen Embryo Transfer (FET) cycles - NIL

Start Date25 Apr 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

CTRI/2025/03/083413

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2/3IIT

Comparative clinical study on the effectiveness of Ashwagandhadi transdermal gel and estrogen gel on the perimenopausal symptoms - nil

Start Date21 Apr 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Estradiol

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Estradiol

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Estradiol

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184,106

Literatures (Medical) associated with Estradiol

31 Dec 2025·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

The complex interaction between oestrogen receptor genes, oestradiol, and perinatal mood

Article

Author: Dukic, Jelena ; Johann, Alexandra ; Ehlert, Ulrike ; Zorzini, Gianna

INTRODUCTION:

Genetic variations in oestrogen receptor (ER) genes are associated with inter-individual differences in the sensitivity of ER-α, ER-β and G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER). These sensitivity differences may modulate susceptibility to mood changes during phases of endogenous oestrogen fluctuations, thereby explaining individual vulnerability. This study examined the association between ER gene variations, oestradiol and perinatal mood disturbances.

METHODS:

A total of 159 women were observed during the perinatal period, providing saliva samples for oestradiol assessment and completing self-report measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms at five time points. Polymorphisms in ER genes were determined from dried blood spots. The associations were analysed using linear mixed models.

RESULTS:

The ER-α gene haplotypes were associated with perinatal mood disturbances. The CG haplotype was associated with perinatal depressive (p = 0.0162, F-test) and anxiety symptoms (p = 2.396e-05, F-test), whereas the TA haplotype was associated with perinatal anxiety symptoms (p = 0.004, F-test). The interaction between ER gene variations, oestradiol and perinatal mood disturbances was not significant.

CONCLUSIONS:

ER-α gene variations are associated with an increased susceptibility to perinatal mood disturbances. Sensitivity differences in ER-α appear to play a more important role for emotional processes than those in ER-β and GPER, independently of oestradiol levels. This might be explained by ER-α's more dominant expression in the hypothalamus and amygdala.

31 Dec 2025·Gut Microbes

Gut microbiome-driven regulation of sex hormone homeostasis: a potential neuroendocrine connection

Article

Author: Cross, Tzu-Wen L. ; Rajwa, Bartek ; Organski, Anna Clapp ; Reddivari, Anjali ; Jorgensen, Joan S.

The gut microbiome is known to have a bidirectional relationship with sex hormone homeostasis; however, its role in mediating interactions between the primary regulatory axes of sex hormones and their productions is yet to be fully understood. We utilized both conventionally raised and gnotobiotic mouse models to investigate the regulatory role of the gut microbiome on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Male and female conventionally raised mice underwent surgical modifications as follows: (1) hormonally intact controls; (2) gonadectomized males and females; (3) gonadectomized males and females supplemented with testosterone and estrogen, respectively. Fecal samples from these mice were used to colonize sex-matched, intact, germ-free recipient mice through fecal microbiota transplant (FMT). Serum gonadotropins, gonadal sex hormones, cecal microbiota, and the serum global metabolome were assessed. FMT recipients of gonadectomized-associated microbiota showed lower circulating gonadotropin levels than recipients of intact-associated microbiota, opposite to that of FMT donors. FMT recipients of gonadectomized-associated microbiota also had greater testicular weights compared to recipients of intact-associated microbiota. The gut microbiota composition of recipient mice differed significantly based on the FMT received, with the male microbiota having a more concerted impact in response to changes in the HPG axis. Network analyses showed that multiple metabolically unrelated pathways may be involved in driving differences in serum metabolites due to sex and microbiome received in the recipient mice. In sum, our findings indicate that the gut microbiome responds to the HPG axis and subsequently modulates its feedback mechanisms. A deeper understanding of interactions between the gut microbiota and the neuroendocrine-gonadal system may contribute to the development of therapies for sexually dimorphic diseases.

31 Dec 2025·Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology

The integration of metabolites from Forsythia suspensa and gut microbiota ameliorates drug-induced liver injury: network pharmacology and molecular docking studies

Article

Author: Wang, Yanni ; Wang, Jiabing ; Peng, Xiangxiang ; Wang, Libo ; Qian, Bingjie

This study integrates metabolites from Forsythia suspensa (FS) and gut microbiota GM to assess combined therapeutic efficacy against drug-induced liver injury (DILI) using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Metabolites of FS and GM were retrieved from the NPASS and gutMGene databases, respectively. Relevant targets for metabolites and DILI-related targets were identified through public databases. The PPI network and KEGG pathway analysis were employed to identify hub targets and key signalling pathways. Furthermore, we performed a molecular docking assay on the active metabolites and targets to verify the network pharmacological concept. The physicochemical properties and toxicity of identified key metabolites were assessed using in silico platforms. 19 final targets were recognized as key proteins responsible for the alleviation of DILI by FS and GM metabolites, with ESR1 emerging as a central target in the PPI network. The estrogen signalling pathway, particularly involving ESR1, ESR2 and JUN genes, was identified as a key mediator in the therapeutic effects. Four GM metabolites (baicalein, luteolin, lunularin and 2,3-bis(3,4-dihydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone) and two FS metabolites (pinoresinol and isolariciresinol) were identified as non-toxic, promising candidates. In conclusion, metabolites from FS and GM may exert a potent synergistic effect on DILI through modulation of the estrogen signalling pathway.

337

News (Medical) associated with Estradiol

20 May 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

ESOC 2025: Combined oral contraceptives triple risk of cryptogenic stroke in young women, new study shows

HELSINKI, May 20, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- New research presented today at the European Stroke Organisation Conference (ESOC) 2025 revealed that the use of combined oral contraceptives (OCs) is associated with a threefold increase in the risk of cryptogenic ischaemic stroke (CIS) in young women.(1) The findings add to a growing body of evidence linking hormonal contraception to vascular risk in women of reproductive age. Cryptogenic ischaemic stroke, which is stroke with no identifiable cause, accounts for up to 40% of all ischaemic strokes in young adults.(2) Despite its prevalence, the contribution of sex-specific risk factors, such as contraceptive use, has remained underexplored. While prior studies have associated combined OCs with stroke risk, this is among the few studies to focus specifically on cryptogenic stroke in young women. The Searching for Explanations for Cryptogenic Stroke in the Young (SECRETO) study included 268 women aged 18–49 years with CIS and 268 age-matched stroke-free controls across 14 centres in Europe. Of the participants, 66 patients and 38 controls were using combined OCs. After adjusting for age and established comorbidities such as hypertension, smoking, migraine with aura, and abdominal obesity, OC use was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 3.00 (95% CI: 1.61–5.57). No significant interactions were found between OC use and these risk factors, suggesting that the increased stroke risk may operate independently of other known contributors. "Our findings confirm earlier evidence linking oral contraceptives to stroke risk," said Dr. Mine Sezgin, Department of Neurology, Istanbul University, and lead author of the study. "What's particularly notable is that the association remains strong even when accounting for other known risk factors, which suggests there may be additional mechanisms involved – possibly genetic or biological." Most OC users in the study were taking ethinylestradiol-based formulations, with a median dose of 20 micrograms. Other types of estrogen, such as estradiol hemihydrate and estradiol valerate, were also recorded. "We calculated the equivalent estrogen dose for each patient to ensure consistency," Dr Sezgin explained. "While our data provides important initial insights, larger studies are needed to determine if certain formulations carry different levels of risk. This knowledge could help guide more personalised contraceptive choices for women." While the researchers note that further prospective studies are needed, they advise clinicians to exercise caution when prescribing combined OCs to women with known vascular risk factors or a history of ischaemic stroke. "Our findings should prompt more careful evaluation of stroke risk in young women, particularly those with additional risk factors," concluded Dr. Sezgin. Moving forward, the researchers plan to explore biological and genetic mechanisms underlying the observed association between combined OC use and increased stroke risk to better understand how hormonal contraceptives may independently elevate stroke risk. Note to editors: A reference to ESOC 2025 must be included in all coverage and/or articles associated with this study. About the study author: Dr. Mine Sezgin is a neurologist and stroke researcher based at the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine. Her work focuses on sex-specific risk factors and stroke prevention in young adults. About the European Stroke Organisation (ESO): The ESO is a pan-European society of stroke researchers and physicians, national and regional stroke societies and lay organisations that was founded in December 2007. The aim of the ESO is to reduce the burden of stroke by changing the way that stroke is viewed and treated. This can only be achieved by professional and public education, and by making institutional changes. ESO serves as the voice of stroke in Europe, harmonising stroke management across the whole of Europe and taking action to reduce the burden of stroke regionally and globally. References: 1. Sezgin, M., et al. Hormonal contraception increases the risk of cryptogenic stroke in young women. Abstract O049, presented at the European Stroke Organisation Conference; 21 May 2025; Vienna, Austria. 2. Yaghi, S., & Elkind, M. S. (2014). Cryptogenic stroke: A diagnostic challenge. Neurology. Clinical practice, 4(5), 386–393. SOURCE European Stroke Organisation WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Clinical Result

13 May 2025

·www.fiercepharma.com

Mayne hit by 'misleading' drug safety claims from the FDA ahead of $430M buyout

The FDA sent the untitled letter on April 28 and gave Mayne 15 working days to respond. Mayne Pharma is in trouble with the FDA. The agency has accused the Australian pharma of giving a misleading impression of the risks of its oral birth control pill in a presentation, triggering an untitled letter (PDF).FDA officials sent the letter after reviewing a slide deck (PDF) about Mayne’s contraceptive medication Nextstellis. The FDA claimed the presentation minimized the risks associated with Nextstellis and misrepresented how the drug compares to rival estrogen-containing combined hormonal contraceptives. Those failings are particularly concerning, according to the agency, because Nextstellis is linked to potentially life-threatening risks. The FDA said the deck contains “misleading” claims that estetrol, one of the active ingredients in Nextstellis, is unique and intrinsically different from other estrogens. For example, claims that estetrol is “low impact” and has “minimal effect on the liver” suggest Nextstellis is safer than other estrogen-containing oral contraceptives, the FDA said, but that has “not been demonstrated.”Sections of the deck deal specifically with the effect of Nextstellis on breast and liver tissue. One slide compares the “slow, extensive” hepatic metabolism of ethinyl estradiol, another estrogen commonly used in birth control pills, to the “minimal” hepatic metabolism of estetrol. The FDA said the slide misleadingly suggests estetrol has safety advantages over ethinyl estradiol.Other slides say estetrol has “a low impact on breast tissue” and “does not stimulate breast tissue.” The FDA said the slides add to the misleading impression about the comparative safety of Nextstellis and rival oral contraceptives.“These claims suggest that Nextstellis is a safer option for patients who have or have had breast cancer when, in fact, Nextstellis is contraindicated in patients with a current diagnosis or history of breast cancer, which may be sensitive to female hormones,” the FDA said. The FDA sent the untitled letter on April 28 and gave Mayne 15 working days to respond in writing. Mayne did not immediately respond to Fierce Pharma Marketing’s request for comment.Nextstellis has been approved in the U.S. since 2021, when its estetrol became the first new estrogen introduced in the country in over half a century, per the company. Just a week before the FDA sent the letter, in an April 22 business update, Mayne reported (PDF) lower-than-expected volumes of Nextstellis, even as net sales for its overall women’s health segment grew 8% year over year.Cosette Pharmaceuticals agreed to buy Mayne for $430 million in February. Cosette satisfied (PDF) one of the takeover closing conditions last week, keeping it on track to complete the deal in June or July.

Drug ApprovalAcquisition

13 May 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

Duchesnay USA and MyMenopauseRx join in a partnership to offer expert consultations for menopausal women

PRINCETON, NJ, May 13, 2025 /PRNewswire/ - Duchesnay USA, a specialty pharmaceutical company dedicated to women's health and part of Duchesnay Pharmaceutical Group (DPG), is pleased to announce a strategic partnership with MyMenopauseRx, a virtual doctor's office dedicated to offering high-quality specialists consultations that expand access to care for women transitioning through menopause. Continue Reading Duchesnay USA and MyMenopauseRx join in a partnership (CNW Group/Duchesnay USA) This collaboration aims to bridge the healthcare gap that exists in this often overlooked area. Through this initiative, women will have insurance-covered access to board-certified menopause specialists at any time from the 26 states MyMenopauseRx currently serves, with more states coming soon. "With women's well-being at the heart of our philosophy, we, at Duchesnay USA, believe that menopausal women deserve the same level of attention, care, and innovation as any other patient population," said Tanya Carro, Executive Vice President, U.S. Entities. "This partnership combines Duchesnay USA's commitment to research and innovation with MyMenopauseRx's deep expertise in the treatment of menopausal symptoms, ensuring that more women can rely on expert care when and where they need it." Founded by Dr. Barbra Hanna, a board-certified gynecologist and Menopause Society Certified Practitioner, MyMenopauseRx offers FDA-approved therapies and board-certified guidance backed by science through telehealth visits that are covered by most major health insurance plans. "Navigating menopause can be incredibly challenging because it's often misunderstood and under-discussed. Many women face stigma when speaking openly about their symptoms, struggle to find clinicians with specialized training, and are left without clear guidance on evidence-based treatments," said Dr. Barbra Hanna, founder of MyMenopauseRx. "By partnering with Duchesnay USA, we aim to empower women with the knowledge and expert care to transition this stage of life with confidence." MyMenopauseRx menopause specialist consultations are available through the Osphena website. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION Indication: What is Osphena® (ospemifene)? Osphena is a prescription oral pill that treats moderate to severe painful intercourse and/or moderate to severe vaginal dryness, both symptoms of changes in your vagina, due to menopause. BOXED WARNING: ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS Osphena® works like estrogen in the lining of the uterus (endometrium), but can work differently in other parts of the body. Taking estrogen alone or Osphena® may increase your chance for getting cancer of the lining of the uterus. Vaginal bleeding after menopause may be a warning sign of cancer of the lining of the uterus. Your healthcare provider should check any unusual vaginal bleeding to find out the cause, so tell him or her right away if this happens while you are using Osphena® . Osphena® may increase your chances of having a stroke or blood clots. You and your healthcare provider should talk regularly about whether you still need treatment with Osphena® . Most Important Information you should know about Osphena® Call your healthcare provider right away if you have unusual vaginal bleeding, changes in vision or speech, sudden new severe headaches, and pains in your chest or legs with or without shortness of breath, weakness and fatigue. Who should not take OSPHENA? Osphena® should not be used if you have unusual vaginal bleeding, have had certain types of cancers, have or have had blood clots, had a stroke or heart attack, have severe liver problems, are allergic to Osphena® or any of its ingredients, or think you may be pregnant. Tell your healthcare provider if you are going to have surgery or will be on bed rest. POSSIBLE SIDE EFFECTS Serious but less common side effects can include: stroke, blood clots and cancer of the lining of the uterus. Less serious, but common side effects include: hot flushes or flashes, vaginal discharge, muscle spasms, headache, excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis), heavy vaginal bleeding (vaginal hemorrhage), night sweats Tell your healthcare provider about all of the medicines and supplements you take, as some medicines may affect how Osphena® works. Osphena® may also affect how other medicines work. Duchesnay USA encourages you to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Please read accompanying Patient Information for Osphena®(ospemifene) tablets, including Boxed Warning in the U.S. Full Prescribing Information. ABOUT DUCHESNAY USA Duchesnay USA is a specialty pharmaceutical company with a long-standing commitment to women's health. The company focuses on filling the void in terms of scientific research and education and on developing pharmacological solutions that are safe and effective for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Duchesnay USA also commercializes a broad portfolio of products to offer safe and effective therapeutic options that meet the health and quality of life needs of women and their family members at various stages of their lives. For more information, please visit: . Follow us on LinkedIn. ABOUT DUCHESNAY PHARMACEUTICAL GROUP Duchesnay Pharmaceutical Group (DPG), with its affiliated companies, is headquartered in Blainville, Quebec. The Group consists of six pharmaceutical companies to meet the needs of patients in Canada, the U.S. and abroad. The companies are Duchesnay (Canada) and Duchesnay USA, both dedicated to women's health; Medunik Canada and Medunik USA, which provide treatments for rare and debilitating diseases; and Analog Pharma Canada and Analog Pharma, specializing in orphan generic medications. From its state-of-the-art manufacturing plant, DPG exports its innovative treatments to more than 50 countries. DPG is one of the eight companies across the country chosen to participate in the Government of Canada's Global Hypergrowth Project. This appointment offers exclusive and personalized support for at least two years, in order to accelerate its growth to become an anchor firm in the Canadian economy. DPG is the winner of the 2024 Life Sciences Innovation Award by ADRIQ, the Association for the Development of Research and Innovation of Quebec, which recognizes DPG's healthy workplace culture and commitment to pharmaceutical innovation, while DPG president Éric Gervais is the recipient of the 2024 Bernard-Landry Award by ADRIQ which acknowledges his impactful leadership on Quebec's research and innovation ecosystem. DPG, through its proprietary research and development, and through exclusive partnerships, offers innovative treatments for a variety of medical conditions in women's health, urology, oncology and for rare diseases, plus lower-cost generic medications. DPG recognizes the dedication and professionalism of its employees and promotes a positive culture and flexible work environment. It is deeply committed to environmental responsibility and to giving back to the community through the support of various charitable organizations. For more information, please visit . Follow us on LinkedIn. About MyMenopauseRx MyMenopauseRx was founded by Dr. Barbra Hanna, DO, FACOG, MSCP, with the mission to empower women with access to high-quality virtual menopause care, covered by health insurance, so they can live their best lives. As a virtual doctor's office and telemedicine platform, MyMenopauseRx specializes in personalized care for women navigating perimenopause and menopause. Virtual appointments with menopause society-certified practitioners are available in an increasing number of states across the U.S., making expert care more accessible than ever. For more information, visit . SOURCE Duchesnay USA WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

100 Deals associated with Estradiol

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00105	Estradiol	G03CA03	DB00783

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Infertility	Japan	Bayer Yakuhin Ltd.	11 Mar 2022
Infertility	Japan	Fuji Pharma Co., Ltd.	11 Mar 2022
Ovarian Stimulations	Japan	Bayer Yakuhin Ltd.	11 Mar 2022
Dyspareunia	United States	Mayne Pharma Ltd.	29 May 2018
Oestrogen deficiency	Japan	Orion Oyj	21 Sep 2007
Female Urogenital Diseases	Japan	Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.	01 Oct 1999
Hot Flashes	Japan	Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.	01 Oct 1999
Hypogonadism	Japan	Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co., Inc.	01 Oct 1999
Atrophic Vaginitis	United States	Novo Nordisk, Inc.	26 Mar 1999
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal	United States	AbbVie, Inc.	20 Dec 1996
Urogenital Diseases	United States	Pfizer Inc.	26 Apr 1996
Hypoestrogenism	United States	Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Dec 1994
Hypoestrogenism	United States	Bayer HealthCare	22 Dec 1994
Uterine Hemorrhage	United States	Bayer HealthCare	22 Dec 1994
Uterine Hemorrhage	United States	Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Dec 1994
Vulvovaginal atrophy	United States	Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Dec 1994
Vulvovaginal atrophy	United States	Bayer HealthCare	22 Dec 1994
Vasomotor symptom	United States	Bayer HealthCare	22 Dec 1994
Vasomotor symptom	United States	Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	22 Dec 1994

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Burns	Phase 3	Germany	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Burns	Phase 3	Latvia	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Burns	Phase 3	Russia	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Burns	Phase 3	United Kingdom	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Varicose Ulcer	Phase 3	Germany	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Varicose Ulcer	Phase 3	Latvia	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Varicose Ulcer	Phase 3	Russia	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Varicose Ulcer	Phase 3	United Kingdom	Renovo Ltd.	01 Jan 2007
Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Phase 3	United States	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Mar 2005
Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis	Phase 3	Canada	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Mar 2005

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03018366 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Hypoestrogenism \| Hypothalamic amenorrhoea \| Oestrogen deficiency ... View more	29	Progesterone+17beta Estradiol (17Beta Estradiol, Progesterone)	rxdyihucly(mdqghedjqi) = snfpmayeyd cpbhbxyyzl (xubbsqlfng, 0.52) View more	-	24 Feb 2025
				Placebo Pill (Transdermal Placebo Patch, Placebo Pill)	rxdyihucly(mdqghedjqi) = lwhsrpsuih cpbhbxyyzl (xubbsqlfng, 0.64) View more
SFN2024	Not Applicable	-	-	estradiol (CRP levels)	xhrkditgia(osurmaobgu) = apocahwctv pahqbwwxxy (ayrimlvdhk, 4.46)	-	07 Oct 2024
SFN2024	Not Applicable	Oestrogen deficiency	-	Estrogen (GDX+ES)	bdfjrdyslu(yowwxdbglp) = fumlelphvq zhriykidvm (vrwjdqvech )	-	07 Oct 2024
				Estrogen (GDX+V)	bdfjrdyslu(yowwxdbglp) = jbothtaaet zhriykidvm (vrwjdqvech )
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	Protein S	27	Standard Combined Oral (CO)	ezhdyggsrh(wafonupuol) = bpdkywdeam akvyawaavo (shzblthwbg )	Positive	01 Jun 2024
				Sublingual Estradiol (SLE)	ezhdyggsrh(wafonupuol) = cxwauakija akvyawaavo (shzblthwbg )
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	serum testosterone \| estrone \| sex hormone binding globulin	45	Subcutaneous Estradiol (SC E2)	vcgkovwtxx(tcvxgnxfha) = There was one transient local reaction in the SC group asfahtjiqv (ckkdpfkdhb ) View more	-	01 Jun 2024
				Oral Estradiol (PO E2)
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury	-	Sublingual Estradiol 2 mg once daily	yecmlcmksy(lyenvbciwy) = vkyijsrani mtzfccqfbj (jcowiuknvj ) View more	-	01 Jun 2024
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	Estrogen Receptors (ER) \| Progesterone Receptors (PR) \| Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (HER2)	-	Estradiol (Stressed MDA-MB-231 cells)	pabsqebiyl(xvmdwfvxwt) = fmzzxstbtm omeuthpulq (nturgewuad )	-	01 Jun 2024
				Estradiol (MDA-MB-231 cells conditionally expressing AIPB)	pabsqebiyl(xvmdwfvxwt) = nfijklissd omeuthpulq (nturgewuad )
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	-	10	Estrogen Monotherapy	oaicsjvrjy(wpaptoedzh) = utxsvlufji romfdbmnpq (wsfmnuyrzz )	-	01 Jun 2024
TREAT STUDY (ENDO2024)	Not Applicable	testosterone \| estradiol \| estrone	-	Transdermal 17-beta estradiol	jyhptwgfhx(zumazoqcsw): mean difference = -225.3 (95% CI, -28.8 to -421.7) View more	Positive	01 Jun 2024
				Once-daily sublingual 17-beta estradiol
ENDO2024	Not Applicable	serum testosterone \| estrone \| sex hormone binding globulin	45	Subcutaneous Estradiol (SC E2)	buvqmpkgvq(azoqcnvvqk) = There was one transient local reaction in the SC group xzhmnwocaa (apkwlubbxt ) View more	-	01 Jun 2024
				Oral Estradiol (PO E2)