Women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a 2-fold greater risk for the development of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD) following the effected pregnancy. While subsequent development of type II diabetes elevates this risk, prior GDM is an independent risk factor for CVD morbidity, particularly, within the first decade postpartum. GDM is associated with impaired endothelial function during pregnancy and decrements in macro- and microvascular function persist postpartum, despite the remission of insulin resistance following delivery. Collectively, while the association between GDM and elevated lifetime CVD risk is clear, and available evidence demonstrates a link between GDM and vascular dysfunction in the decade following pregnancy, the mechanisms mediating this persistent dysfunction remain unexamined.
The purpose of this investigation is to examine the role of endothelin-1, a potent vasoconstrictor, in aberrant microvascular function in otherwise healthy women with a history of GDM and to identify whether this mechanism is influenced by physical activity and sedentary behavior.

Start Date01 Oct 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Iowa

NCT06532461 / RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Randomized Controlled Trial Testing the Influence of Three- and Seven-days Insulin Infusions and Two Types of Insulin on Hyperechogenicity in Subcutis and Glycemic Variables in Children and Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes

More and more children and adolescents are using diabetes devices attached to the skin. The attachment of infusions sets to the skin provoke allergenic or toxic eczema, the continous infusion of insulin provoke subcutaneous changes and prolonged wear time seems to increase the risk of these complication. On the other site fewer skin stripping episodes with longer wear time and filtration of the insulin may be beneficial for the skin, therefore comparing the occurrence of subcutaneous hyper echogenicity, eczema and the skin barrier in users of 3 and 7 days infusions set is highly relevant. The primary aim of present study is to investigate if the use of three days insulin infusion set is superior to seven days in preventing the occurrence of hyperechogenicity in areas recently used for insulin infusion and if the type of insulin matter comparing insulin aspart - Novo Rapid, or insulin lispro - Humalog

Start Date20 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Steno Diabetes Center A/S

NCT06558708 / RecruitingPhase 2

A Phase II Trial Comparing Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of GZR101 Injection and GZR33-70 Injection in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin or Premixed Insulin Once Daily at Least With or Without Pre-dinner Meal-time Insulin

This trial is conducted in China. The aim of the trial is to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of GZR101 Injection and GZR33-70 Injection in type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on basal/ premixed insulin once daily at least with or without pre-dinner meal-time insulin.

Start Date28 Jun 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.

100 Clinical Results associated with Insulin aspart

100 Translational Medicine associated with Insulin aspart

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Insulin aspart

1,396

Literatures (Medical) associated with Insulin aspart

02 Dec 2024·ChemMedChem

Higher Order Structure Differences Among Insulin Crystalline Drugs Revealed by 2D heteronuclear NMR

Article

Author: Rienstra, Chad M. ; Wang, Songlin ; Chen, Kang

Abstract:

During therapeutic protein development, two‐dimensional (2D) heteronuclear NMR spectra can be a powerful analytical method for measuring protein higher order structure (HOS) in solution since the spectra exhibit much higher resolution than homonuclear 1H spectra. However, 2D NMR capabilities for characterizing protein HOS in crystalline states remain to be assessed, given the low 13C natural abundance and intrinsically broader lines in solid‐state NMR (SSNMR). Herein, high‐resolution heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) SSNMR was utilized to directly measure intact crystal drug products of insulin human, insulin analogs of insulin lispro and insulin aspart. The fingerprint regions in 2D 1H−13C HETCOR spectra were identified, which distinguished the insulin crystals in their primary structure, HOS heterogeneity and dynamics, as well as the manufacturing processes. The HOS heterogeneity in insulin analogs is consistent with their therapeutic effect of rapid action; while insulin human crystals showed more structural homogeneity, consistent with their slower pharmacokinetics (PK) peak time than insulin analogs. Therefore, heteronuclear NMR could be broadly applicable to study protein drug dosage forms from liquid to solid, yielding improved molecular level structure data for assessing drug HOS in biosimilar drug development.

01 Dec 2024·Diabetes Therapy

Switching from Premixed Insulin to Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart for the Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications of a Real-World Study on Insulin Degludec Dosing

Article

Author: Wu, Yiming ; Li, Ang ; Zhang, Junqing

INTRODUCTION:

When switching from premixed insulin to insulin degludec/aspart (IDegAsp), IDegAsp usually starts at the same dose as the premixed insulin according to limited clinical experience or at a dose according to clinician discretion. The dose of insulin degludec used in the real world after switching has been poorly investigated.

METHODS:

A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes who switched from premixed insulin to IDegAsp from October 2016 to December 2023. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare changes in insulin dose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) before and after switching.

RESULTS:

Sixty-six patients with prior low-ratio premixed insulin and 22 with prior mid-ratio premixed insulin were included. Among the low-ratio insulin users, the total daily dose of insulin degludec (IDeg) decreased by 21.43% and 19.05% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, after switching, compared with prior basal insulin dose (both p < 0.001). Conversely, among mid-ratio insulin users, the IDeg daily dose increased by 10.71% and 32.14% at 3 and 6 months, respectively, after switching, compared with prior basal insulin dose (both p < 0.001). In all patients, HbA1c levels decreased by 0.70%, FBG decreased by 1.00 mmol/l, and PBG decreased by 1.61 mmol/l after 6 months of switching (all p < 0.05); the total daily insulin dose and injection frequency significantly decreased after switching (both p < 0.05); age and disease duration did not affect IDegAsp effects on HbA1c reduction.

CONCLUSIONS:

In the setting of transition to IDegAsp from premixed insulin, the dose of basal insulin in the premixed formulation can be a valuable reference for adjusting insulin degludec dose. IDegAsp is superior to premixed insulin in blood glucose control with reduced total daily dose and injection frequency. IDegAsp could be the best choice for the management of diabetes in elderly patients.

01 Dec 2024·Fresenius Zeitschrift für Analytische Chemie

Analysis of multi-disulfide bridges for insulin aspart by stepwise reduction and differentiated alkylation

Article

Author: Meng, Xiaoguang ; Lin, Ling ; Yao, Huan ; Li, Ming ; Hu, Zhishang ; Wu, Peize ; Cui, Xinling

Disulfide bridge, an important post-translation modification in protein, plays a key role in stabilizing three-dimensional structure of proteins, maintaining correct folded conformation, and thus regulating the biological activities. Disulfide bridge assignment is essential to understand the essence of life process and to develop protein pharmaceutical. In this study, a novel method termed as stepwise reduction and differentiated alkylation (SRDA) was developed analyzing disulfide connectivity for proteins. As a demonstration, three disulfide bridges in insulin aspart were successfully characterized using this SRDA method combined with LC-HRMSⁿ. Firstly, tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine (TCEP) was used to partially reduce disulfide bridges with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) used to block the generated free thiol. Then, dithiothreitol (DTT) was used to reduce the rest disulfide bonds with iodoacetamide (IAM) used to block the newly generated free thiol. After that, an LC-HRMSⁿ method was established to assign disulfide connectivity for an insulin aspart study material, based on the different mass shifts arising from differentiated alkylation. Moreover, this approach allows for the quantitative analysis of various disulfide bond pairings, which can be applied to studies on the consistency and stability among different batches of samples. The results show that SRDA is a valuable tool for reliable quality control and quality assessment of disulfide-rich proteins such as insulin analogues.

News (Medical) associated with Insulin aspart

05 Dec 2024

·www.drugs.com

Novo Nordisk to Lower U.S. List Prices for Tresiba and Fiasp by More Than 70%

PLAINSBORO, N.J., Dec. 05, 2024 -- Novo Nordisk today announced plans to reduce the US list prices of two insulin products by more than 70% to better meet the needs of people living with diabetes . The list prices of vials and pre-filled pens of insulin aspart (rapid-acting) and basal insulin (long-acting), specifically Tresiba ® and Fiasp ® , will be reduced in the US starting January 1, 2026. Those new list prices, also referred to as wholesale acquisition costs (WAC), will be: The list prices of Fiasp ® will be reduced by 75%, matching the price of NovoLog ® . Additionally, the list prices of Tresiba ® will be reduced by 72.2%, making it 20% lower than its unbranded biologic equivalent, insulin degludec, thereby rendering the latter redundant. As such, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Inc. will discontinue the unbranded biologic versions below by December 31, 2025. Novo Nordisk is making healthcare professionals, wholesalers and payers aware of the discontinuations more than 12 months in advance, so they can enable smooth transitions to other options. Patients should speak with their healthcare professional about their treatment options to determine the best course of action. Novo Nordisk remains steadfast in its commitment to patients and recognizes that accessing medicines is a real challenge for people living with diabetes. To help as many people as possible, Novo Nordisk continues to offer a variety of insulin affordability options for people with or without insurance through NovoCare. In 2023 alone, NovoCare helped nearly 1.5 million people living with diabetes. Patients can visit NovoCare.com for more information. About Novo Nordisk Novo Nordisk is a leading global healthcare company that's been making innovative medicines to help people with diabetes lead longer, healthier lives for more than 100 years. This heritage has given us experience and capabilities that also enable us to drive change to help people defeat other serious chronic diseases such as obesity, rare blood, and endocrine disorders. We remain steadfast in our conviction that the formula for lasting success is to stay focused, think long-term, and do business in a financially, socially, and environmentally responsible way. With U.S headquarters in New Jersey and commercial, production, and research facilities in seven states plus Washington DC, Novo Nordisk employs approximately 8,000 people throughout the country. For more information, visit novonordisk-us.com, Facebook, Instagram, X, LinkedIn and YouTube. Source: Novo Nordisk Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

15 Oct 2024

·pipelinereview.com

Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals' Three Innovative Drugs: GZR18 Injection, GZR4 Injection, and GZR101 Injection Achieve Primary Endpoints in Phase 2 Clinical Studies

BEIJING, China I October 15, 2024 I Recently, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals (Gan & Lee, Shanghai Stock Exchange: 603087) announced that three of its independently developed drugs — the bi-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist GZR18 injection, the once-weekly basal insulin analog GZR4 injection, and the premixed dual insulin analog GZR101 injection — successfully achieved positive results in three Phase 2 clinical trials conducted in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in China. In these studies, Gan & Lee’s three innovative drugs demonstrated superior or comparable efficacy in lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to the respective positive comparator drugs separately. Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals’ Diabetes Product Portfolio Diagram Statement: 1. GZR18, GZR4, and GZR101 are investigational drugs that have not yet been approved in China. 2. Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals does not recommend the use of any unapproved drugs/indications. GZR18 Injection: a Phase 2 Study evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of GZR18 Injective vs. Semaglutide (Ozempic ® ) in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes The Phase 2b clinical trial (CTR20232069) is a multicenter, randomized, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of GZR18 injection versus semaglutide (Ozempic ® ) in Chinese adult T2D patients with poor glycemic control on lifestyle interventions and/or unregulated use of anti-diabetic drugs, and on oral anti-diabetic treatment for at least three months. A total of 264 subjects were recruited across 25 clinical centers in China. Patients were randomized to receive bi-weekly GZR18 injections (12 mg, 18 mg, or 24 mg) or once-weekly 24 mg GZR18 injections, or 1 mg semaglutide for 24 weeks, including the dose-escalation period. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in HbA1c from baseline after 24 weeks of continuous treatment. The subjects had a mean diabetes history of 11-18 years, and baseline HbA1c ranged from 8.28% to 8.56%. After 24 weeks of treatment, the mean HbA1c reduction from baseline in the GZR18 groups was as follows: 1.87% (12 mg, bi-weekly), 2.28% (18 mg, bi-weekly), 1.94% (24 mg, bi-weekly), and 2.32% (24 mg, once-weekly), all higher than the semaglutide group (1.60% reduction)*. Additionally, in treatment-naïve patients with poor glycemic control on lifestyle interventions, the HbA1c reduction in the bi-weekly GZR18 injection group reached 2.98%, compared to 2.04% in the semaglutide group, with a significant HbA1c reduction (p < 0.05)*. After 24 weeks of treatment, patients in the bi-weekly GZR18 group experienced a maximum weight loss of 5.42 kg, compared to 3.25 kg in the semaglutide group*. GZR18 also greatly improved fasting glucose, blood pressure, and lipid levels, etc, providing comprehensive benefits for diabetic patients. GZR18 was generally well-tolerated, with safety and tolerability consistent with known GLP-1 receptor agonists. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal-related, and no severe hypoglycemic events were observed. GZR4 Injection: a Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of GZR4 injection vs. insulin degludec (Tresiba ® ) in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes The Phase 2 trial (CTR20232431) was a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study evaluating the efficacy, tolerability and safety of once-weekly GZR4 injections versus once-daily insulin degludec (Tresiba ® ) in 83 T2D patients with poor glycemic control on oral antidiabetic drugs (Part A) and 96 T2D patients with poor glycemic control on a combination of oral antidiabetic drugs and basal insulins (Part B). In part A, the mean HbA1c reduction of once-weekly GZR4 injection was 1.50%, comparable to insulin degludec’s reduction of 1.48%. In part B, GZR4 injection demonstrated a superior HbA1c reduction of 1.26%, compared to -0.87% for insulin degludec (treatment difference: -0.38%, p < 0.01)*. In addition, improvements in time-in-range (TIR) were comparable between GZR4 and insulin degludec. In this study, GZR4 injection showed good safety and tolerability, with no severe hypoglycemic events observed. GZR101 Injection: a Phase 2 Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of GZR101 injection vs. insulin degludec/insulin aspart (Ryzodeg ® ) in Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes The Phase 2 clinical trial (CTR20232431) is a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, treat-to-target Phase 2 study. Part A of the study aimed to compare the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of GZR101 injection administered once-daily versus insulin degludec/insulin aspart (Ryzodeg ® ) administered once-daily over 16 weeks in 62 patients with uncontrolled T2D on oral anti-diabetic drugs. In Part B, the study compared the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of GZR101 injection combined with insulin aspart versus insulin degludec/insulin aspart (Ryzodeg ® ) administered twice-daily over 16 weeks in 91 patients with uncontrolled T2D on basal/premixed insulin. In Part A, the HbA1c levels in the once-daily GZR101 injection group decreased by 1.56%, superior to the -1.31% reduction in the once-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart group (treatment difference: -0.24%). In Part B, GZR101 injection combined with insulin aspart achieved HbA1c reductions of -1.64% (once-daily insulin aspart) and -1.68% (twice-daily insulin aspart), both higher than the -1.59% reduction in the twice-daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart group (treatment differences of -0.06% and -0.09%, respectively)*. Moreover, GZR101 injection demonstrated comparable efficacy to insulin degludec/insulin aspart in controlling fasting and postprandial blood glucose, as well as improving time-in-range (TIR). In this trial, GZR101 injection showed good safety and tolerability. The estimated incidence of hypoglycemic events in both groups did not show statistically significant differences during the study. *The trial results are presented as least squares means (LS mean). Note: severe hypoglycemia is defined as Grade 3 hypoglycemia (serious events without specific plasma glucose boundaries, with conscious and/or somatic changes, hypoglycemia requiring help from others). Dr. Zhong-ru Gan, Chairman of Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals, stated: “The positive results achieved by GZR18, GZR4, and GZR101 in Phase 2 clinical trials mark an important milestone in improving the current landscape of diabetes treatment. These results demonstrate that our three products provide better glycemic control compared to similar antidiabetic drugs. Over the years, we have successfully launched a full range of insulin products, from human insulin to insulin analogs, covering both basal and mealtime insulin, in the hope of comprehensively meeting the treatment needs of different diabetes patients. With recent breakthroughs in our research and development, we have also expanded our product portfolio with oral antidiabetic drugs, filling a gap in this critical area. Focusing on the frontiers of the endocrine field, we are actively promoting the development of new drugs, aiming to achieve comprehensive management of chronic metabolic diseases, including diabetes and obesity. Gan & Lee’s product portfolio currently covers next-generation insulin based on the extension to emerging metabolic disease targets, such as GLP-1 receptor agonists, supporting patients throughout their treatment journey with a view to driving changes in the management of diabetes and metabolic diseases and improving the quality of life of patients.” Forward-Looking Statements: These forward-looking statements are based on expectations and assumptions as of the date of this release. Due to various factors, actual results may differ significantly. We do not undertake any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. Reference 1. WANCAI XING, WEI CHEN, YINING ZHANG, JING GAO, ANSHUN HE, JUN ZHANG, YING DENG, FANGKAI XUE, YONGCHUN WANG, HAO FU, RUNYAO ZHANG, JINHUI HUANG, ZHONGRU GAN; 823-P: Molecular and Pharmacological Properties of GZR4, a Once-Weekly Insulin Analog. Diabetes 14 June 2024; 73 (Supplement_1): 823–P. https://doi.org/10.2337/db24-823-P About Gan & Lee Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals developed the first Chinese domestic insulin analog. Currently, Gan & Lee has six core insulin products, including five insulin analog varieties: long-acting glargine injection (Basalin ® ), fast-acting lispro injection (Prandilin™), fast-acting aspart injection (Rapilin ® ), mixed protamine zinc lispro injection (25R) (Prandilin™25), aspart 30 injection (Rapilin ® 30), and one human insulin injection – mixed protamine human insulin injection (30R) (Similin ® 30). The company has two approved medical devices in China, namely reusable insulin injection pen (GanleePen), and disposable pen needle (GanleeFine ® ). In China’s 2024 National Insulin-Specific Centralized Procurement, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals ranked first among all selected companies in terms of procurement demand for insulin analogs. The company is also making strides in international markets, with the disposable pen needle (GanleeFine ® ) approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2020 and received GMP inspection approval from the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2024. These achievements significantly boost Gan & Lee’s competitiveness in both international and domestic markets. In the future, Gan & Lee will strive for comprehensive coverage in diabetes treatment. Moving forward with its mission to become a world-class pharmaceutical company, Gan & Lee will also actively develop new chemical entities and biological drugs, focusing on treatments for metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and other therapeutic areas. Further Information: BPRD@ganlee.com (Media) BD@ganlee.com (Business Development) info.medical@ganlee.com (Medical Information) SOURCE: Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals

Clinical ResultPhase 2Drug Approval

15 Oct 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals' Three Innovative Drugs: GZR18 Injection, GZR4 Injection, and GZR101 Injection Achieve Primary Endpoints in Phase 2 Clinical Studies

After 24 weeks of treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes, the bi-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist GZR18 injection showed superior efficacy in lowering HbA1c and body weight compared to semaglutide (Ozempic®). After 16 weeks of treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes, the once-weekly insulin analog GZR4 injection demonstrated superior HbA1c reduction in patients with uncontrolled diabetes on basal insulins, compared to insulin degludec (Tresiba®). After 16 weeks of treatment in patients with Type 2 diabetes, the premixed dual insulin analog GZR101 injection showed superior efficacy in reducing HbA1c and postprandial glucose compared to insulin degludec/insulin aspart (Ryzodeg®). BEIJING, Oct. 15, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Recently, Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals (Gan & Lee, Shanghai Stock Exchange: 603087) announced that three of its independently developed drugs — the bi-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist GZR18 injection, the once-weekly basal insulin analog GZR4 injection, and the premixed dual insulin analog GZR101 injection — successfully achieved positive results in three Phase 2 clinical trials conducted in adult patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) in China. In these studies, Gan & Lee's three innovative drugs demonstrated superior or comparable efficacy in lowering glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) compared to the respective positive comparator drugs separately. Gan & Lee Pharmaceuticals' Diabetes Product Portfolio Diagram

Clinical ResultPhase 2

100 Deals associated with Insulin aspart

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D04475	Insulin aspart	A10AD05 A10AB05	DB01306

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	JP	Novo Nordisk A/S	20 Sep 2019
Diabetes Mellitus	EU	Novo Nordisk A/S	07 Sep 1999
Diabetes Mellitus	IS	Novo Nordisk A/S	07 Sep 1999
Diabetes Mellitus	LI	Novo Nordisk A/S	07 Sep 1999
Diabetes Mellitus	NO	Novo Nordisk A/S	07 Sep 1999

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Obesity	Phase 3	ES	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2005
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia	Phase 3	US	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2004
Adult Lymphoblastic Lymphoma	Phase 3	US	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2004
Burkitt Lymphoma	Phase 3	US	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2004
Lymphoma	Phase 3	US	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Apr 2004
Hypoglycemia	Phase 3	AU	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Sep 2001
Hypoglycemia	Phase 3	HR	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Sep 2001
Hypoglycemia	Phase 3	DK	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Sep 2001
Hypoglycemia	Phase 3	IT	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Sep 2001
Hypoglycemia	Phase 3	ZA	Novo Nordisk A/S	01 Sep 2001

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04588259 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 \| Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	331	Insulin degludec+Faster aspart	yvwxcksbww(egkwhmwzfs) = sebdesodjl qpllffjxef (knvrksyfid, elxhlgixde - uympvfgllr) View more	-	20 Mar 2024
NCT03895515 (Pubmed \| Diabetes Ther)	Not Applicable	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	178	Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart	ccdbvtfisn(cymtixyhvd) = comlaljjam zcmgseantw (jdcbnaviqv )	Positive	14 Jul 2023
CopenFast Trial (ADA2023)	Not Applicable	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	216	Faster-acting insulin aspart	lorxlaxevo(vkpzjovxpp) = bddddwwclq hkrqrpmtnv (gjbeagmmud, 38 - 46) View more	-	20 Jun 2023
				Insulin aspart	lorxlaxevo(vkpzjovxpp) = qykaeidqld hkrqrpmtnv (gjbeagmmud, 39 - 46) View more
ADA2023	Not Applicable	-	29	AT247	zijudrsoys(olbusvpcoe) = xdaefipffn qblpwdpwrd (ehskcsuccx )	-	20 Jun 2023
				NovoLog	zijudrsoys(olbusvpcoe) = miscppzajg qblpwdpwrd (ehskcsuccx, *)
NCT02408120 (Pubmed \| Diabetes Care)	Phase 4	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	226	Intensive sliding scale insulin treatment	izwnlrjcxo(vaawwdngcc) = goznrofolc plquiymwzk (oiskqfjanj )	-	08 Jun 2022
				Nonintensive sliding scale insulin treatment	izwnlrjcxo(vaawwdngcc) = boxptvjpuv plquiymwzk (oiskqfjanj )
ADA2022	Not Applicable	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	-	Fiasp and placebo with CC	edizmfxdzb(hnizrqzlpu) = rmvunqmauq qdlnndhwyi (ngwexligrv )	-	01 Jun 2022
				Fiasp and pramlintide with MA	edizmfxdzb(hnizrqzlpu) = dmdtdhgakg qdlnndhwyi (ngwexligrv )
ADA2021	Not Applicable	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	438	Fast-Acting Insulin Aspart	thkmjejozg(aaosauhqdt) = dpdwwmjhge kxhauoouqs (aqggzunqbn ) View more	-	01 Jun 2021
NCT03760068 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1	478	MYL-1601D Product (MYL-1601D Product (100 U/mL))	oqdswashvv(cxtaqjsvql) = apesropfxu kmqvjrubnh (iiytrbhfaz, esfoylaynq - rhlggxylda) View more	-	27 Jan 2021
				FlexPen NovoLog® (FlexPen NovoLog® (100 U/mL))	oqdswashvv(cxtaqjsvql) = gwnccwmmhx kmqvjrubnh (iiytrbhfaz, aexxojvykd - quytavbokc) View more
NCT01561378 (CNS-Elders, CTgov)	Phase 2	Emergence Delirium \| postoperative cognitive dysfunction	22	Intranasal mucosal atomizer device+Aspart insulin (Insulin)	cgdzlmhmkg(wkbagddlwd) = nhdmcalmtz fvjyicfkmg (kfnntwptge, muqovqygmj - odbwvamfqz) View more	-	22 Oct 2020
				Intranasal mucosal atomizer device+Normal saline (Normal Saline)	cgdzlmhmkg(wkbagddlwd) = gbsncvtixe fvjyicfkmg (kfnntwptge, phwvqerawz - bymsybvhlq) View more
ASN2020	Not Applicable	Chronic Kidney Diseases	-	DPP-4 inhibitors	evrrcqlnjq(lxfbzcjdjd) = iasgtoiaij taymujvfqo (ngwrgipgyb )	-	19 Oct 2020
				GLP-1 receptor agonists	eelatttzkk(ldvwvdjvhf) = pvokezpnnm qorhnmapzw (eagbvapvjf )

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