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Last update 27 Jan 2026

Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

Last update 27 Jan 2026

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

(±)-hydroxychloroquine, 2-((4-((7-chloro-4-quinolyl)amino)pentyl)ethylamino)ethanol, 2-(N-(4-(7-chlor-4-chinolylamino)-4-methylbutyl)ethylamino)ethanol

+ [25]

Target-

Action

inhibitors

Mechanism

Autophagy inhibitors

Therapeutic Areas

Immune System DiseasesInfectious DiseasesSkin and Musculoskeletal Diseases+ [8]

Active Indication

Lupus Erythematosus, DiscoidMalariaLupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous+ [11]

Inactive Indication

COVID-19Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell CarcinomaPrimary Sjögren's syndrome

Originator Organization

Sanofi

Active Organization

Sanofi KK

Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.

Shanghai Zhongxi Sunve Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

+ [9]

Inactive Organization

Abramson Cancer Center

SanofiPulmoquine Therapeutics, Inc

+ [2]

License Organization

Covis Pharma Holdings BV

Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (18 Apr 1955),

Acute MalariaRheumatoid ArthritisSystemic Lupus Erythematosus

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC18H28ClN3O5S

InChIKeyJCBIVZZPXRZKTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry747-36-4

681

Clinical Trials associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

NCT07230028

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Monocenter, Randomized, Double Blind Pilot Study Comparing Doxycycline in Combination With Hydroxychloroquine Treatment Versus Doxycycline Monotherapy in Patients With Long-Term Complaints Attributed to Lyme Borreliosis.

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if hydroxychloroquine works to treat long-term complaints attributed to Lyme borreliosis in adults. The main questions it aims to answer are:
Does addition of hydroxychloroquine reduce physical complaints? Researchers will compare hydroxychloroquine to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if hydroxychloroquine works to treat Lyme borreliosis.
Participants will:
Take hydroxychloroquine or a placebo two times a day during 28 days. Visit the clinic 4 times in one year for checkups and tests.

Start Date01 Mar 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Radboud University Medical Center

NCT05842174

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 1/2IIT

Targeting Ischemia-Induced Autophagy Dependence in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Through Image-guided Locoregional Therapy

Trans-arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most commonly used therapy for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). TACE is a minimally invasive procedure that involves placing a catheter into the artery in the liver that feeds the tumor, administering chemotherapeutics and then blocking the artery with embolics in order to kill tumor cells by depriving them of essential oxygen and nutrients. While TACE has a proven survival benefit, local recurrence is common, and long-term survival rates are poor. Prior studies demonstrate that HCC cells survive the oxygen and nutrient deprivation through autophagy, a process of cellular self-eating, to provide nutrients required for survival. The proposed project will leverage this dependency to develop a novel approach to TACE that integrates autophagy inhibition to improve therapeutic response by increasing tumor cell killing and enhancing anti-tumor immunity.

Start Date01 Feb 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

VA Office of Research and Development

NCT06408298

/ Not yet recruitingEarly Phase 1IIT

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Proof of Principle (Window of Opportunity) Study of Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

This is randomized, double blind, placebo controlled proof of principle (window of opportunity) study of oral hydroxychloroquine in patients with resectable localized prostate cancer. To determine the effects of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on markers of autophagy, such as p62, LC3-II and NBR-1 in prostate cancer tissue of patients with resectable localized prostate cancer who undergo radical prostatectomy. To monitor/observe the safety and tolerability of daily oral hydroxychloroquine in the pre and perioperative period in patients who undergo radical prostatectomy. To evaluate the concentration of hydroxychloroquine in normal and prostate tumor tissue and to correlate prostate tissue concentrations with the plasma concentrations in these patients. To perform tumor genomic analysis (for common somatic mutations) and to correlate the molecular response to HCQ and presence/absence of such mutations.

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center

100 Clinical Results associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

100 Translational Medicine associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

12,045

Literatures (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

01 Mar 2026·JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY

Antimalarial potential and toxicity assessment of a polyherbal combination of Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., and Psidium guajava L. in rodents

Article

Author: N'guessan, Jean David ; N'guessan, Benoit Banga ; Pereira, Dilson ; Azagoh-Kouadio, Richard ; Baidoo, Michael Frimpong ; Brou, Sygnoh Eve Pristile ; Ferrero-Gomez, Maria Lara ; Pakora, Gilles Alex ; Bohui, Gouegoui Serge-Pacôme ; Kouassi, Konan Aime Brice ; Adima, Augustin Amissa ; Agyemang, Alfred Ofori

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE:

Malaria continues to be a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly due to the emergence of drug-resistant Plasmodium strains and limited access to effective therapies. In African traditional medicine, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf., and Psidium guajava L. are commonly used for managing malaria. However, their combined efficacy and safety as a standardized polyherbal preparation remain underexplored.

AIM OF THE STUDY:

This study evaluated the antimalarial efficacy and safety profile of a polyherbal formulation (Phymepalu Extract - PPE) prepared from A. indica, C. citratus, and P. guajava in rodent models.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The antimalarial activity of the PPE extract was assessed using a 4-day curative test in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice at doses of 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg body weight. Hydroxychloroquine (25 mg/kg) was used as a positive control. Acute oral toxicity was evaluated in rats according to OECD Guideline 423, while subacute (28-day) and subchronic (90-day) toxicity studies followed OECD Guidelines 407 and 408, respectively. Toxicological evaluations included clinical signs, body weight, haematological and biochemical parameters, and histopathological analysis of key organs.

RESULTS:

The PPE extract exhibited dose-dependent antimalarial activity, with 90 mg/kg producing the highest parasitaemia inhibition (76 %), compared to 92 % with hydroxychloroquine. No mortality or signs of acute toxicity were observed at 5000 mg/kg. Repeated administration over 28 and 90 days did not result in significant changes in clinical, haematological, biochemical, or histopathological indices, indicating good tolerability.

CONCLUSION:

The PPE extract demonstrated significant antimalarial activity and an excellent safety profile in preclinical models, supporting its traditional use. These findings justify further investigations toward its development as a safe and effective phytotherapeutic agent for malaria.

01 Feb 2026·PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING

Patients’ attitudes towards deprescribing disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in rheumatoid arthritis

Article

Author: Proudman, Susanna M ; Fraser, Lauren ; McWilliams, Leah ; Sirois, Caroline ; Ailabouni, Nagham ; Reeve, Emily ; Wiese, Michael D ; Berthelot, William ; Ellett, Lisa Kalisch

OBJECTIVES:

People living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may be taking one or more medications that they no longer need. The objective of this study was to determine the attitudes and beliefs regarding Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drug (DMARD) use and RA patients' willingness to have their medications deprescribed.

METHODS:

This cross-sectional study included adults aged ≥ 18 years with a diagnosis of RA and were currently taking methotrexate and/or hydroxychloroquine. Participants completed a self-administered survey, adapted from the validated revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing (rPATD) questionnaire, tailored to patients living with RA. Additional sociodemographic and clinical data were collected to explore factors associated with participants' willingness to deprescribe their DMARDs.

RESULTS:

A total of 87 participants were recruited with median age of 66 years (IQR 57.5-73), and 57 (65.5 %) were female. The majority of RA patients (84 %) agreed they would be willing to stop one of their RA medicines if their rheumatologist said it was possible. Participants expressed greater concerns with ceasing their DMARDs compared to their other medications. No factors were found to be significantly associated with willingness to deprescribe DMARDs.

CONCLUSION:

Whilst people with RA are satisfied with their current therapy, most would be willing to have one or more of their DMARDs deprescribed if their rheumatologist supports it.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS:

Clinicians should be encouraged to initiate deprescribing discussions, especially in stable rheumatoid arthritis, however, shared decision-making should involve identifying and addressing concerns patients have about deprescribing their DMARDs.

01 Feb 2026·SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM

Juvenile-onset mixed connective tissue disease: A multicenter retrospective cohort study

Article

Author: Guern, Véronique LE ; Sacre, Karim ; Kahn, Jean-Emmanuel ; Terrier, Benjamin ; Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie ; Bonnotte, Bernard ; Mouthon, Luc ; Duhaut, Pierre ; Bader-Meunier, Brigitte ; Cacoub, Patrice ; Hanslik, Thomas ; Michel, Marc ; Godeau, Bertrand ; Regent, Alexis ; Cohen, Pascal ; Schmidt, Jean ; Samson, Maxime ; Lambotte, Olivier ; Mariette, Xavier ; Seror, Raphaèle ; Benhamou, Ygal ; Ackermann, Félix ; Kone-Paut, Isabelle ; Agard, Christian ; Chevalier, Kevin ; Thoreau, Benjamin ; Dunogue, Bertrand ; Hachulla, Eric ; Goujard, Cécile ; Papo, Thomas ; Leclercq, Mathilde ; Chaigne, Benjamin

OBJECTIVES:

Juvenile-onset mixed connective tissue disease (jMCTD) accounts for 7-23 % of MCTD cases but remains poorly described. We aimed to characterize clinical features, treatments, and outcomes of patients with jMCTD, and compare them to adult-onset MCTD (aMCTD) patients.

METHODS:

We conducted a multicenter, retrospective, case-control study within the French MCTD cohort. Each jMCTD patient was compared to 3 matched aMCTD patients.

RESULTS:

Forty-seven jMCTD patients (93.6 % girls; median age at onset 14 [11-16] years) were included. Forty-four (93.6 %) jMCTD patients fulfilled either Sharp or Kasukawa diagnostic criteria. None of them met other diagnostic criteria without fulfilling Sharp or Kasukawa criteria. At diagnosis, jMCTD patients' main manifestations were Raynaud's phenomenon, arthralgia, and myalgia. jMCTD patients had less frequently puffy fingers than aMCTD (p < 0.0001). Cumulatively, jMCTD patients mainly received glucocorticoids (80.9 %), hydroxychloroquine (95.7 %) and immunosuppressants (93.6 %). They received a higher initial dose of glucocorticoids (30 [20-60] mg/day vs. 15 [10-35] mg/day, p = 0.02), and significantly more frequently methotrexate (Methotrexate) and rituximab (p = 0.01) over time compared to aMCTD. After a median follow-up of 9.8 [6.6-16.2] years, 29 (61.7 %) jMCTD patients were in remission (vs. 62 (44.0 %) aMCTD; p < 0.05), 36 % had progressed to another CTD (vs. 30.5 % aMCTD; p = 0.5), mainly systemic lupus erythematosus, 11 (23.4 %) had developed interstitial lung disease, 2 (4.3 %) pulmonary arterial hypertension, and 1 (2.1 %) died.

CONCLUSIONS:

jMCTD share the same clinical characteristics as aMCTD patients, but less frequently have puffy fingers. Outcomes appear more favorable in jMCTD than aMCTD, with higher remission rates, albeit at the cost of more intensive treatment.

208

News (Medical) associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

11 Dec 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

The Lupus Research Alliance Announces Inaugural Mechanistic Clinical Award Recipients to Improve Lupus Understanding, Treatment Options

Renowned Researchers Aim to Uncover Underlying Causes of Lupus to Unlock Personalized Therapies NEW YORK, Dec. 11, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- Today, the Lupus Research Alliance, the world's largest private funder of lupus research, announced the first recipients of the Mechanistic Clinical Award. This grant program is designed to advance precision medicine in lupus by testing new biomarkers and treatments, while also investigating the root causes of the disease to help guide more personalized care. Impacting millions worldwide, lupus presents differently in each person and is known for high variability in symptoms and manifestations as well as in disease severity, progression, and response to therapy. The Lupus Research Alliance established the Mechanistic Clinical Award program to dig deeper into what is happening at a molecular and cellular level, to help guide therapeutic development and improve the quality of life of people living with this disease. "Getting to the 'how' behind discoveries — understanding how therapies work on a biological level and how that might vary from person-to-person — is essential to transforming how we treat this complex disease and enable precision medicine," Maya Bader, PhD, Director of Research at the Lupus Research Alliance, said. "This program represents the next frontier in lupus research — connecting the dots between underlying mechanisms and meaningful outcomes. We are proud to support two investigators whose work will deepen our understanding of lupus therapies at the individual level, bringing us closer to delivering the right treatment to the right person." The program is divided into two critical focus areas: one supporting research using lupus patient biospecimens with an award of $500,000 over two years, and another funding small mechanistic clinical trials with an award of $1,000,000 over three years. Both grants will leverage the unique resources of the Lupus Research Alliance and clinical affiliate Lupus Therapeutics — including the Lupus Nexus, a comprehensive registry, biorepository, and data platform, and the Lupus Clinical Investigators Network (LuCIN), a consortium of more than 60 sites collaborating with industry partners to advance lupus clinical trials. The inaugural recipients were selected after a rigorous and comprehensive review of their potential to investigate mechanisms that may further the pursuit of precision medicine. They are: Deborah Cunninghame Graham, PhD , Non-Clinical Senior Lecturer in Molecular Medicine in the Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King's College London Dr. Cunninghame Graham is studying two immune proteins – OX40 and OX40L – that are associated with genetic risk and disease activity in lupus and are detectable in the blood. Her research explores whether measuring them can help predict disease activity and whether blocking their interaction could lead to more targeted lupus treatments. Findings from this study may immediately support therapeutic testing in lupus, as therapies targeting OX40/OX40L are already undergoing clinical testing in autoimmunity. Victoria Werth, MD , Professor of Dermatology at the Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania Dr. Werth is investigating how the antimalarial medication quinacrine helps a subset of cutaneous lupus patients who don't respond to the standard treatment of another antimalarial, hydroxychloroquine. Her team has found that quinacrine may be more effective in some patients by targeting certain parts of the immune system that hydroxychloroquine doesn't affect. By analyzing patient-derived skin and blood samples in a clinical trial testing quinacrine therapy, Dr. Werth aims to identify biomarkers that predict how a patient might respond to treatment — guiding more personalized care. Applications for the 2026 Mechanistic Clinical Awards, which will uniquely focus on lifestyle interventions, are now being accepted and can be found here. To learn more about the Lupus Research Alliance's funded research, visit here. About Lupus Lupus is a chronic, complex autoimmune disease that affects millions of people worldwide. In lupus, the immune system, meant to defend against infections, produces autoantibodies that mistake the body's own cells as foreign, causing other immune cells to attack organs such as the kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and skin, as well as blood and joints. Ninety percent of people with lupus are women, most often diagnosed between the ages of 15–45. Black, Latinx, Indigenous, Asian and Pacific Islander people are disproportionately affected by lupus. About the Lupus Research Alliance The Lupus Research Alliance is the largest non-governmental, non-profit funder of lupus research worldwide. The organization aims to transform treatment by funding the most innovative lupus research, fostering scientific talent, and driving discovery toward better diagnostics, improved treatments and, ultimately, a cure for lupus. Because the Lupus Research Alliance's Board of Directors funds all administrative and fundraising costs, 100% of all donations goes to support lupus research programs. For more information or to donate to lupus research, visit the LRA at LupusResearch.org and on social media at: X, Facebook, LinkedIn, and Instagram. SOURCE Lupus Research Alliance 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

Clinical Study

02 Dec 2025

·www.biopharmadive.com

Janux sinks on ‘overreaction’ to prostate cancer data; RFK Jr. replaces ACIP chair

Today, a brief rundown of news from Janux Therapeutics and the Department of Health and Human Services, as well as updates from Eli Lilly and AstraZeneca that you may have missed.Shares of Janux Therapeutics fell nearly 50% on Tuesday after the company reported new early-stage results for a type of masked T cell engager its developing for advanced prostate cancer. Januxs drug, JANX007, was associated with a response rate of 30% among 27 evaluable patients in its latest data cut, down from the 50% response rate disclosed last December. Janux also didnt reveal which responses were unconfirmed, or not corroborated by a subsequent scan. While acknowledging those criticisms as fair, William Blair analyst Matt Phipps countered that, in patients who were treated with the dosing regimens advancing into further testing, or who had a lower tumor burden, the data still suggest JANX007 has a possible best-in-disease profile. The selloff is an overreaction, he wrote in a client note. Ben FidlerThe U.S. Department of Health and Human Services named Martin Kulldorff the chief science officer for the in-house group, known for short as ASPE, that guides the agency on health policy. Kulldorff has been chairing the influential panel, ACIP, that Robert F. Kennedy Jr. recast with vaccine skeptics. His job leading ACIP has been handed to Kirk Milhoan, a pediatric cardiologist who has been critical of COVID-19 vaccines and promoted the use of unproven drugs like hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin to treat the disease during the pandemic. ACIP will meet later this week to discuss the childhood immunization schedule and hepatitis B shots. Ben FidlerEli Lilly said Monday it is dropping the price of the single-dose vials of obesity drug Zepbound that it sells to cash-paying customers through its online channel. According to Lilly, those customers will now pay $299 a month for a starter dose and a maximum of $499 monthly afterwards. The announcement comes less than a month after the Indianapolis-based drugmaker reached an agreement with the Trump administration to lower Zepbound to an average of $346 a month when purchased through a U.S. government cash-pay portal. The new $299 price will apply to the 2.5 milligram weekly starter dose and is down from $349. The 5 milligram dose will now cost $399 instead of $499, while all other doses will be priced at $449. Jonathan GardnerThe Food and Drug Administration will begin reviewing baxdrostat, a blood pressure medication AstraZeneca acquired in a 2023 buyout of CinCor Pharma. The agency has also granted baxdrostat a priority review for its proposed use of treating hard-to-control hypertension, meaning a decision will likely come during the second quarter of 2026, the company said Tuesday. AstraZeneca previously said it expects baxdrostat to eventually generate billions of dollars in yearly sales. It's also being tested as a treatment for primary aldosteronism and in combination with Farxiga for chronic kidney disease and heart failure prevention. Ben Fidler '

VaccineAcquisitionClinical ResultPriority Review

01 Dec 2025

·www.drugs.com

CDC Names Ralph Abraham as Second-in-Command Despite Vaccine Controversy

MONDAY, Dec. 1, 2025 — A Louisiana physician who has questioned vaccine safety and halted his state’s vaccination campaigns in the past is now serving in one of the top roles at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Dr. Ralph Abraham , a former congressman and Louisiana’s surgeon general in 2024, discretely began his position as the CDC’s principal deputy director on Nov. 23, according to the agency’s internal employee directory. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services later confirmed the appointment. Abraham has taken public views that differ significantly from long-standing CDC recommendations. He has called COVID-19 vaccines “dangerous,” supported the use of unproven COVID treatments such as hydroxychloroquine and ivermectin , and has urged people to avoid Tylenol during pregnancy except when “absolutely necessary.” He has also promoted removing aluminum-based ingredients from vaccines and questioned routine hepatitis B immunization at birth. Before entering public office, Abraham practiced medicine and veterinary medicine for decades. He represented Louisiana in Congress from 2014 to 2020 and was appointed surgeon general of Louisiana last year. While in that role, he ordered the state health department to stop mass vaccination campaigns and waited two months to alert the public about a whooping cough outbreak that caused two deaths, delaying a response that other health officials say should have happened immediately. Former CDC principal deputy director Dr. Nirav Shah , who held the same role until early 2024, said he was stunned by the appointment. "My jaw hit the ground," Shah told The New York Times . "A large part of the principal deputy’s portfolio is emergency response," Shah said. "Delayed notifying of the public of at least two pertussis deaths is not just unacceptable, it’s shameful," he added. Despite his past statements, Abraham will be the highest-ranking medical doctor at the CDC, which is currently led by acting director Jim O’Neil , a former biotechnology executive. Abraham has also criticized public health policies from the COVID-19 pandemic, calling them “tyrannical." He has repeated false claims about vaccine ingredients and said he sees people injured by the vaccine "every day," despite extensive research showing COVID-19 vaccines reduce severe illness and death. Studies have consistently shown that the COVID-19 vaccines lowered hospitalization rates and prevented transmission early in the pandemic, before major virus mutations occurred. Earlier this year, Abraham urged Louisiana Senator Dr. Bill Cassidy , a gastroenterologist who strongly supports childhood vaccines, to confirm Robert F. Kennedy Jr. as health secretary. The two men later fell out publicly over vaccines. Last week, however, Cassidy said he hoped to work with Abraham. "I am hopeful that the two of us as doctors can continue to engage in science-based conversations to protect children, including vaccinating children to prevent measles, whooping cough and hepatitis," Cassidy said. Sources The New York Times, Nov. 25, 2025

VaccineExecutive Change

100 Deals associated with Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D02114	Hydroxychloroquine Sulfate	P01BA02	DB01611

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Lupus Erythematosus, Discoid	United States	Novitium Pharma LLC	14 Jan 2022
Malaria	United States	Novitium Pharma LLC	14 Jan 2022
Lupus Erythematosus, Cutaneous	Japan	Sanofi KK	03 Jul 2015
Acute Malaria	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955
Rheumatoid Arthritis	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	United States	Advanz Pharma Corp. Ltd.	18 Apr 1955

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
COVID-19	Phase 3	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	01 May 2020
Primary Sjögren's syndrome	Phase 3	France	Sanofi	01 Mar 2008
Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer	Phase 2	Ireland	Novartis AG	31 May 2023
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma	Phase 2	United States	West Virginia University Hospitals, Inc.	04 Feb 2020
Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma	Phase 2	United States	Abramson Cancer Center	01 Sep 2011
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic	Phase 1	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	18 Jan 2019
Pancreatic carcinoma non-resectable	Phase 1	United States	Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.	18 Jan 2019
Chorioamnionitis	Preclinical	-	-	17 Nov 2025
Breast Cancer	Preclinical	United States	University of Pennsylvania	02 Sep 2025
Breast Cancer	Preclinical	United States	Berry Consultants LLC	02 Sep 2025

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04524702 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Pancreatic adenocarcinoma metastatic \| Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma	10	Hydroxychloroquine+Nab-paclitaxel+Gemcitabine+Paricalcitol	hqcrcbjhzm = exaurjlygu kuosthktqr (xeobcbadga, zezykvuznb - asbpbsvrpk) View more	-	23 Jan 2026
NCT04303507 (COPCOV, Pubmed \| Trials)	Phase 3	COVID-19	76	Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine	ohcwavorde(akzmidlefz) = rzeobjqnqf ncyapvagbs (uupzhwmraq, 42.0)	Positive	16 Dec 2025
NCT03032406 (CLEVER, SABCS2025)	Phase 2	Breast Cancer ER+ \| HER2+ \| CK	51	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)	qtrkdkdqpp(sndrugppam) = kyijovzjps xlciytqcnq (urpoavpscr ) View more	Positive	11 Dec 2025
				Everolimus (EVE)	-
ACR2025	Not Applicable	Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic \| Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	29	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) monotherapy	cprpptynqf(htuyaftjeo) = tgpbowwwlb xzsfotpnrq (enoxdbdmdb ) View more	Positive	24 Oct 2025
NCT02603146 (ACR2025)	Phase 2	Rheumatoid Arthritis	144	Hydroxychloroquine	egalkrjbms(ftxpuwzstz) = Results for IA were similar. hvbagwcyrg (kxsyavuqsw ) View more	Negative	24 Oct 2025
				Placebo
NCT03032406 (CLEVER, Pubmed \| Nat Med)	Phase 2	Breast Cancer	51	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)	njuibgoxsc(qicjzrckju) = owfuflurjl aagfslgqns (sisvfzkrpf )	Positive	01 Oct 2025
				Everolimus (EVE)	njuibgoxsc(qicjzrckju) = evpqqwgong aagfslgqns (sisvfzkrpf )
EURETINA2025	Not Applicable	Retinal Diseases	368	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (Definite/Probable HCQ Retinopathy)	ewyzbekvif(snripyqcxp) = lbkdpkaamr fnxunjhnuy (rckvxpemiz ) View more	Positive	04 Sep 2025
				Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (No Retinopathy)	ewyzbekvif(snripyqcxp) = eblhfvhirn fnxunjhnuy (rckvxpemiz ) View more
NCT02603146 (Pubmed \| Arthritis Rheumatol)	Phase 2	Rheumatoid Arthritis	144	Hydroxychloroquine	mdajjkpbxc(cwulcbatuh) = olywunabab xfympyyfcc (uzxwfaxjne )	Negative	29 Aug 2025
				Placebo	mdajjkpbxc(cwulcbatuh) = frrdyhrumb xfympyyfcc (uzxwfaxjne )
NCT03030118 (SMILE, CTgov)	Phase 2	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	187	Hydroxychloroquine (Hydroxychloroquine)	dibdmbuhmr = otveykwnhq vuvvvupwum (uozgawxnnp, gncisavfpd - oliacbtnro) View more	-	29 Aug 2025
				Placebo Oral Capsule (Placebo Oral Capsule)	dibdmbuhmr = lgasqnqhlh vuvvvupwum (uozgawxnnp, khphibgjfw - lfrrcwvtgm) View more
EULAR2025	Not Applicable	Arthritis, Psoriatic	13,710	Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) users	hffdhysenf(eloyjdyoli): RR = 0.833 (95.0% CI, 0.7 - 0.992), P-Value = 0.04 View more	Positive	11 Jun 2025
				Non-HCQ users

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