Author: Chen, Pin-Rong ; Chen, Chien-Wei ; Chang, Yuan-I ; Chen, Luen-Kui ; Chung, Yi-Ting ; Wu, Liang-Yi ; Juan, Chi-Chang ; Chang, Yi-Chieh ; Lin, Heng-Fu ; Wu, Guan-Lin ; Liu, Shui-Yu ; Yu Liu, Shui-

Glucosamine (GlcN) is one of the dietary supplements used in the treatment of osteoarthritis. Endogenously, GlcN is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine pathway. In addition to ameliorating arthritis, several biological functions of GlcN have been reported, including insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. However, the regulatory role of GlcN in skeletal muscle development is not clear. We therefore investigated the effect of GlcN on myoblast proliferation, differentiation, and myotube development and their underlying mechanisms in C2C12 cells. Myoblast proliferation was measured by MTT assay. The expressions of MyoD, myogenin (MyoG), and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) were identified as determinants of myoblast differentiation. Expressions of atrogin-1 and muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF-1) were identified as markers of myotube atrophy. The results show that treatment with GlcN significantly reduced myoblast proliferation and phosphorylation of Stat3 and S6K. These findings suggest that GlcN can inhibit growth of myoblasts through inhibiting phosphorylation of Stat3 and S6K. In addition, GlcN significantly suppressed the expression of MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC, as well as myotube formation. Pretreatment of C2C12 myoblast cells with ER stress inhibitors significantly blocked GlcN-inhibited MyHC expression and myotube formation. It can be concluded that GlcN suppressed myogenic differentiation via a pathway that involved ER stress. Moreover, GlcN decreased myotube diameter and expression of MyHC, as well as increased MuRF-1 in C2C12 myotubes. Meanwhile, GlcN also reduced the expressions of phosphorylated Akt and mTOR were stimulated after GlcN treatment in C2C12 myotubes. Thus, GlcN induced skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting the protein synthesis pathway. Chronic GlcN infusion also caused skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. In conclusion, GlcN regulated important stages of skeletal muscle development through different signaling pathways.

01 Dec 2024·INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY

Enhancing GFPT1 expression with glutamine protects chondrocytes in osteoarthritis

Article

Author: Zhang, Zhao ; Li, Xinyu ; Huang, Zeyu ; Guo, Weihua

OBJECTIVE:

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the leading joint disease without currently available disease-modified drugs. The current study aimed to identify potential drug targets that could decelerate the progression of OA.

METHODS:

We employed Mendelian Randomization (MR) and colocalization analysis to identify therapeutic targets linked to 12 OA traits within 2645 targets. Bulk and single-cell RNA-seq analyses of cartilage samples were conducted to pinpoint GFPT1 and determine the specific cell types in which GFPT1 is expressed. Overexpression and knockdown experiments further explored the expression and potential OA-associated functions of GFPT1.

RESULTS:

GFPT1 has been identified as a cross-OA therapeutic candidate gene by MR analysis. We observed a significant reduction in GFPT1 expression in OA cartilage compared to normal cartilage from public transcriptomic data of both humans and mice. In vitro experiments confirmed these findings at both mRNA and protein levels in OA chondrocytes. IL-1β stimulation leads to downregulation of GFPT1. We confirmed that supplementary glutamine can reverse the suppression of GFPT1 more effectively than glucosamine in the OA in vitro model. GFPT1 upregulation with glutamine, in turn, further increases the expression of COL2A1 and decreases the expression of MMP13.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our findings demonstrate that GFPT1 is downregulated in OA, and overexpressing GFPT1 can restore the anabolic metabolism of cartilage. Compared to glucosamine, enhancing GFPT1 expression with glutamine to influence the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway may offer a more effective therapeutic strategy for OA.

19 Nov 2024·CIRCULATION

Glucosamine-Mediated Hexosamine Biosynthesis Pathway Activation Uses ATF4 to Promote “Exercise-Like” Angiogenesis and Perfusion Recovery in PAD

Article

Author: Alhusban, Suhib ; Kress, Taylor C. ; Belin de Chantemele, Eric J. ; Koseoglu, M. Murat ; Nofal, Mohamed ; Kovacs-Kasa, Anita ; Zaied, Abdelrahman A. ; Annex, Brian H.

BACKGROUND::

Endothelial cells (ECs) use glycolysis to produce energy. In preclinical models of peripheral arterial disease, further activation of EC glycolysis was ineffective or deleterious in promoting hypoxia-dependent angiogenesis, whereas pentose phosphate pathway activation was effective. Hexosamine biosynthesis pathway, pentose phosphate pathway, and glycolysis are closely linked. Glucosamine directly activates hexosamine biosynthesis pathway.

METHODS::

Hind-limb ischemia in endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout (eNOS −/− ) and BALB/c mice was used. Glucosamine (600 μg/g per day) was injected intraperitoneally. Blood flow recovery was assessed using laser Doppler perfusion imaging and angiogenesis was studied by CD31 immunostaining. In vitro, human umbilical vein ECs and mouse microvascular ECs with glucosamine, L-glucose, or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF 165 a) were tested under hypoxia and serum starvation. Cell Counting Kit–8, tube formation, intracellular reactive oxygen species, electric cell–substrate impedance sensing, and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran permeability were assessed. Glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation were assessed by seahorse assay. Gene expression was assessed using RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot. Human muscle biopsies from patients with peripheral arterial disease were assessed for EC O-GlcNAcylation before and after supervised exercise versus standard medical care.

RESULTS::

On day 3 after hind-limb ischemia, glucosamine-treated versus control eNOS −/− mice had less necrosis (n=4 or 5 per group). Beginning on day 7 after hind-limb ischemia, glucosamine-treated versus control BALB/c mice had higher blood flow, which persisted to day 21, when ischemic muscles showed greater CD31 staining per muscle fiber (n=8 per group). In vitro, glucosamine versus L-glucose ECs showed improved survival (n=6 per group) and tube formation (n=6 per group). RNA sequencing of glucosamine versus L-glucose ECs showed increased amino acid metabolism (n=3 per group). That resulted in increased oxidative phosphorylation (n=8–12 per group) and serine biosynthesis pathway without an increase in glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway genes (n=6 per group). This was associated with better barrier function (n=6–8 per group) and less reactive oxygen species (n=7 or 8 per group) compared with activating glycolysis by VEGF 165 a. These effects were mediated by activating transcription factor 4, a driver of exercise-induced angiogenesis. In muscle biopsies from humans with peripheral arterial disease, EC/O-GlcNAcylation was increased by 12 weeks of supervised exercise versus standard medical care (n=6 per group).

CONCLUSIONS::

In cells, mice, and humans, activation of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway by glucosamine in peripheral arterial disease induces an “exercise-like” angiogenesis and offers a promising novel therapeutic pathway to treat this challenging disorder.

News (Medical) associated with Glucosamine Hydrochloride

26 Mar 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

CV Sciences, Inc. Expands +PlusCBD Pet Product Offerings with the Launch of Pet Chews

Pet Hip and Joint Health Chews and Pet Calming Care Chews improve the physical and emotional well-being of dogs SAN DIEGO, March 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- CV Sciences, Inc. (OTCQB: CVSI) (the "Company", "CV Sciences", "our", "us" or "we"), a preeminent consumer wellness company specializing in hemp extracts and other proven, science-backed natural ingredients and products, proudly announces its latest innovation and product launch: a premier CBD chew tailored for pets, +PlusCBD™ Pet Hip and Joint Health Chews and +PlusCBD™ Pet Calming Care Chews. +PlusCBD™Pet wellness treats are crafted with the utmost care and supported by extensive research, and are now further validated by a landmark safety study backed by the National Animal Supplement Council (NASC). NASC is the leading trade association advocating for the health and wellness of companion animals that are given health supplements by their owners. The latest additions to the industry-leading +PlusCBD lineup are now available nationwide at select retailers and from our website at . Continue Reading Pet Chews Available Now! The pet wellness industry has witnessed a growing demand for natural alternatives to support pets' overall well-being. In response to this need, +PlusCBD™Pet has developed a premium CBD chew with the mission of providing the highest quality ingredients and best-in-class health and nutrition for cherished family members - our pets. These formulas utilize the therapeutic properties of cannabidiol (CBD) derived from organic hemp plants. Along with CBD, our chews incorporate a curated selection of antioxidants, anti-inflammatory agents, and vital supplements designed to enhance the well-being of your loving companion. While one in five dogs deal with joint pain, +PlusCBD Pet Hip and Joint Health Chews pairs premium THC-free hemp extract with Glucosamine, Turmeric, Rosehips, and Ginger Root providing relief for pets grappling with age-related stiffness or discomfort from physical activity. Similarly, more than 70% of dogs exhibit at least one anxiety-related behavior or habit. The non-GMO, THC-free +PlusCBD Pet Calming Care Chew employs a vitamin-rich formula of Chamomile, L-Tryptophan, Ginger Root, and L-Theanine, offering respite from anxiety and stress triggered by various stimuli such as separation, loud noises, or environmental changes, fostering a sense of relaxation and well-being in your devoted pet. Each CBD chew undergoes rigorous testing by independent laboratories to ensure purity, potency, and compliance with NASC's stringent quality standards. With a THC-free formulation and non-psychoactive properties, our chews offer a safe and effective solution for pet owners seeking natural alternatives for their companions. Joseph Dowling, CEO of CV Sciences, commented on the significance of the NASC safety study, stating, "The NASC's comprehensive safety study further validates CBD supplements to promote the health and wellness of our family pets. Our long-standing commitment to quality and safety will provide pet owners with products they can trust. We are immensely proud to offer CBD chews that not only meet our rigorous standards, but also exceed industry benchmarks for safety and efficacy." +PlusCBD™ Pet Hip and Joint Health Chews and Pet Calming Care Chews are the first new offerings from CV Sciences in 2024. In 2023, the award-winning wellness brand introduced several product offerings designed to elevate the health and well-being of our human consumers, including +PlusCBD™ Reserve Collection Extra Gummies, +PlusCBD™ Reserve Collection Sleep Gummies, +PlusCBD™ Daily Balance THC-Free Gummies and Softgels and +PlusCBD™ Reserve Collection Softgels. The continued expansion of the Company's industry-leading product catalog amplifies its commitment to providing all users, both two-legged and four, with research-supported, plant-based health and wellness alternatives. For more information, please visit +PlusCBD or CV Sciences. About CV Sciences, Inc. CV Sciences, Inc. (OTCQB:CVSI) is a consumer wellness company specializing in nutraceuticals and plant-based foods. The Company's hemp extracts and other proven, science-backed, natural ingredients and products are sold through a range of sales channels from B2B to B2C. The Company's +PlusCBD™ branded products are sold at select retail locations throughout the U.S. and are the top-selling brands of hemp extracts in the natural products market, according to SPINS, the leading provider of syndicated data and insights for the natural, organic and specialty products industry. With a commitment to science, +PlusCBD™ product benefits in healthy people are supported by human clinical research data, in addition to three published clinical case studies available on PubMed.gov. +PlusCBD™ was the first hemp extract supplement brand to invest in the scientific evidence necessary to receive self-affirmed Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. The Company's Cultured Foods™ brand provides a variety of 100% plant-based food products. Committed to crafting nutritious and flavorful alternatives, Cultured Foods™ caters to individuals seeking vegan, gluten-free, or flexitarian options for a wholesome and satisfying culinary experience. CV Sciences, Inc. has primary offices and facilities in San Diego, California, and Warsaw, Poland. The Company also operates a drug development program focused on developing and commercializing CBD-based novel therapeutics. Additional information is available from OTCMarkets.com or by visiting . Media Contact: Alexis Isaacs [email protected] SOURCE CV Sciences, Inc.

18 Oct 2023

·www.outsourcing-pharma.com

Bioiberica excited to welcome pharma stakeholders to its hometown for CPHI

“CPHI is always a fantastic opportunity to connect with customers – new and old – but the excitement has been taken up a notch this year as we welcome key stakeholders from across the global pharmaceutical landscape to our hometown, Barcelona,” said Luis Solera, CEO at Bioiberica. The life science company says it is committed to ‘improving the health and well-being of people, animals and plants’ and is excited to participate in the event. It will be showcasing its investment in scientific research, sustainable development and strategic partnerships for a more resilient future, it says. Alongside its active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) portfolio, the company will present the latest research for its mobility, digestive and skin health branded ingredients. Attendees will also have the opportunity to explore Bioiberica’s newfound focus on advanced wound care which is describes as ‘a captivating area of research in the medical nutrition arena’. Also under the spotlight for the first time, Bioiberica will share scientific data set to unlock a new world of co-innovation possibilities. Essential APIs The company will exhibit its essential APIs – chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine for the symptomatic treatment of osteoarthritis, thyroid for endocrinology and its flagship ingredient, Heparin. Visitors to the company’s stand will get the chance to see the latest research supporting the efficacy of its branded ingredients – Collavant n2 (native (undenatured) type 2 collagen), Mobilee (hyaluronic acid matrix ingredient) for joint health and mobility, Dermial (hyaluronic acid matrix ingredient) for skin health and DAOgest (diamine oxidase enzyme) for histamine intolerance. googletag.cmd.push(function () { googletag.display('text-ad1'); }); With sustainability top of the agenda for the pharmaceutical industry, Bioiberica will highlight the potential of its latest sustainability initiatives and how they’re helping to enhance its customers’ green credentials in the face of mounting pressures. Climate neutrality Attendees can connect with Bioiberica’s experts to learn more about its circular bioeconomy model, targets to obtain 100% renewable electricity by 2024 and 30% less GHG emissions by 2030, and ambitious plans to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Solera added: “Progression in the healthcare space hinges on three key pillars: science, sustainability and strategic partnership. CPHI offers us a platform to highlight the substantial strides we’ve made to strengthen these foundations and showcase how we’re supporting our customers in addressing some of the most pressing challenges facing the pharmaceutical industry. Visitors are warmly invited to our booth where we look forward to fostering innovative ideas together.” Meet Bioiberica at CPHI on stand 7P20 to learn more about the company's APIs and ingredients for human health.

31 Jan 2023

·www.prnewswire.com

Vitamin boost: Half of Millennials are using vitamins and supplements more often than they did before the pandemic

CHICAGO, Jan. 31, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- The use of vitamins, minerals, and dietary supplements (VMS) among Americans is on the rise. According to new research from Mintel, among the 78% of Americans who are vitamin* users, a third (34%) have increased their usage since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, including nearly half (47%) of Millennials. In line with consumers overall, Millennials say supporting their overall physical health (66%) and immune system (62%) are the top two reasons for VMS use. However, Millennials (43%) prioritize VMS use to support their mental well-being more than consumers overall (34%). While sales of VMS surged during the pandemic, increasing an impressive 22% between 2019-20 to reach $31.52 billion in 2020, growth leveled out in 2022 when sales grew an estimated 4.1% to reach $35.64 billion. Sales are set to grow a further 5% in 2023 when the market is expected to hit an estimated $37.44 billion. Dorothy Kotscha, Health and Wellness Analyst, Mintel Reports US, said: "While the pandemic negatively impacted multiple areas of consumers' lives, the shift it created in how consumers view and approach their health has benefitted health and wellness brands, particularly within the vitamin, mineral, and dietary supplements (VMS) space. Immune health concerns no longer only hold seasonal significance and consumers have a heightened focus on the importance of both physical and mental well-being. As greater attention is placed on one's mental health, VMS brands can tap into this trend by focusing on formulas that contain brain-boosting and mood-regulating ingredients such as magnesium, vitamin D, curcumin, and L-theanine. "Our research shows that consumers are taking lessons learned from the pandemic to create health routines around VMS products; however, there are signs of fatigue within the market. Usage of multivitamins, for example, has remained flat over the past year, indicating that interest is being directed elsewhere. Brands will need to focus on innovation and emerging health concerns in order to embrace changing consumer sentiment. Ingredient transparency will be increasingly important as consumers seek to understand the role ingredients play in their VMS products." Consumers show interest in single-letter vitamins and supplements The majority of consumers take some sort of vitamin or supplement: 78% take a vitamin and 64% take a supplement. While use of vitamins remained flat over the past two years (77% in 2021), usage of supplements increased by 13 percentage points, up from 51% in 2021. Specifically, single-letter vitamins and mineral supplements have seen a gradual uptick in usage over the last five years: single-letter vitamin use increased from 47% in 2018 to 52% in 2022, while mineral supplement use increased from 33% to 42%. Mintel research shows that consumers are looking to optimize their health by focusing on vitamins and minerals they may be lacking for a more personalized approach, rather than a one-size-fits-all multivitamin. "Customization and personalization are more important than ever as consumers are increasingly interested in broadening their approach to health. Single-letter vitamins may erode the widespread usage of multivitamins as consumers desire greater control over their VMS regimens. Major VMS players should take a close look at ways to offer customized products in a variety of formats and distribution channels in order to optimize the way that they meet their customers' unique needs," concluded Kotscha. Additional research on the VMS industry and interviews with the analyst are available upon request from the Mintel Press Office. For those interested in purchasing the full report, please visit the Mintel Store. *Including multivitamins (products that contain a combination of vitamins in one), and one- and two-letter vitamins (products that contain only one or two specific letter vitamins such as vitamin C tablets) **Supplements: CoQ-10, glucosamine, and chondroitin products and other specific supplements; targeted supplement combinations, such as women's health or joint health formulations; and herbs/botanicals, such as echinacea and St. John's wort SOURCE Mintel Group, Ltd.

100 Deals associated with Glucosamine Hydrochloride

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D08022	Glucosamine Hydrochloride	M01AX05	DB01296

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Osteoarthritis	CN	Rottapharm SpA	-

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Neoplasms	Preclinical	CN	Jiangsu Hansoh Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	04 Nov 2005

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


EULAR2024	Not Applicable	Osteoarthritis	-	Glucosamine users	djmmwwdpuf(tjbhzqbujp) = bqozlxvlcs ypkuhyuqaj (cyuntjntwv )	-	05 Jun 2024
				Non-users of glucosamine	djmmwwdpuf(tjbhzqbujp) = fgvsgllijl ypkuhyuqaj (cyuntjntwv )
UK Biobank (DDW2023)	Not Applicable	COVID-19	-	Regular glucosamine users	hgiursltlw(yvsxxntism): HR = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77 - 0.91) View more	Positive	09 May 2023
				glucosamine (Non-users)
UK Biobank (DDW2023)	Not Applicable	COVID-19	-	Regular glucosamine users	ogwiijchod(wrvfzmxwco): HR = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77 - 0.91) View more	Positive	09 May 2023
				Non-users of glucosamine
UK Biobank (DDW2023)	Not Applicable	COVID-19	-	Regular glucosamine users	fjpkdutqkg(myurpruvxo): HR = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77 - 0.91) View more	Positive	09 May 2023
				glucosamine (Non-users)
UK Biobank (DDW2023)	Not Applicable	COVID-19	-	Regular glucosamine users	xpdkcioarc(cvhjwrhvgz): HR = 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77 - 0.91) View more	Positive	09 May 2023
				glucosamine (Non-users)
NCT00691678 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Arthralgia \| Breast Cancer	53	Glucosamine+Chondroitin	clpnzzslyz(ehgrspszjo) = hzilgensaj esvpssehza (qkivojpxwy, yqpnbdgylu - zfepyeujuv) View more	-	08 Nov 2022
Pubmed \| J Oral Maxillofac Surg	Not Applicable	Osteoarthritis	-	Oral Glucosamine Hydrochloride + Hyaluronate Sodium Intra-Articular Injection	tagcilgeqc(wlrmqiavgb) = pezxbeazlc ekkvqybfkt (vfxwskyzhe )	Positive	01 Oct 2018
				Hyaluronate Sodium Intra-Articular Injection	tagcilgeqc(wlrmqiavgb) = rflcnbrlqt ekkvqybfkt (vfxwskyzhe )
MOVES (EULAR2014)	Phase 4	Osteoarthritis, Knee	606	Combined glucosamine hydrochloride and chondroitin sulfate (GH+CS)	pggrzkkznn(rhakwneurx) = oxomlfnfkm qwkhbyzjoq (dmzhaxfpei )	Positive	11 Jun 2014
				Celecoxib (CE)	pggrzkkznn(rhakwneurx) = romexyfvop qwkhbyzjoq (dmzhaxfpei )
GLUCOSAMINE-CHONDROITIN SULFATE (EULAR2013)	Not Applicable	Low Back Pain	-	Glucosamine-chondroitin sulfate (GCS)	adqlaltxdi(fdeexdnwwx) = jcqztcssmm tnqnyqbqni (gmghqhhvtb ) View more	Positive	12 Jun 2013
ARVO2009	Not Applicable	Glaucoma	21	Glucosamine supplementation	taalgbczsr(agruagilgx) = npibgxyloa etneplazzi (cyldxwgkpf, +/ - 3.67)	-	01 Apr 2009
				No glucosamine supplementation	taalgbczsr(agruagilgx) = qqjqdrlezg etneplazzi (cyldxwgkpf, +/ - 3.29)

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