Last update 14 Apr 2025

Allopurinol

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryAllopurinol, marketed under the trade name Zyloprim®, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor medication that is primarily utilized to lower urinary and serum uric acid levels in patients suffering from gout, recurrent calcium oxalate calculi, and certain malignancies. The mechanism of action of this medication involves inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol was first approved by the US FDA in 1966 and was developed by Novartis. Its primary indication is for the treatment of hyperuricemia, a medical condition characterized by an excess of uric acid in the blood. Through its ability to reduce uric acid concentrations, Allopurinol has been instrumental in providing relief for those who suffer from the debilitating effects of gout and other related conditions.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-one, 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-one, 1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol
+ [23]
Target
Action
inhibitors
Mechanism
XO inhibitors(Xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (19 Aug 1966),
Regulation-
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC5H4N4O
InChIKeyOFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry315-30-0

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Gout
China
01 Jan 1985
Nephrolithiasis
China
01 Jan 1985
Hyperuricemia
United States
19 Aug 1966
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Acute myocardial infarctionPhase 3
United States
01 Jul 2005
Diabetes MellitusPhase 3
United States
01 Jul 2005
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
United States
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Argentina
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Australia
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Austria
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Bulgaria
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Canada
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Germany
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
Mexico
19 May 2020
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Not Applicable
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
6-TGN | 6-MMP | FC (fecal calprotectin)
237
Low-dose azathioprine plus allopurinol
rdwbchchzz(ylmnarpcud): OR = 2.46 (95% CI, 1.43 - 4.25), P-Value = 0.001
Positive
13 Oct 2024
Azathioprine monotherapy
Not Applicable
-
-
Allopurinol + hydration
gatucxgelb(lfaowmyxsm) = ynauwnanxp blzcdlblwj (lodzxvnzod )
-
31 Aug 2024
(Hydration only)
gatucxgelb(lfaowmyxsm) = diuxavisla blzcdlblwj (lodzxvnzod )
Phase 2
159
eiqprtcbum(xzqutlohiq) = fcziulycen ajowjzhafb (licupjetfc, -0.56 to 1.10)
Negative
14 Aug 2024
eiqprtcbum(xzqutlohiq) = amthkhxgai ajowjzhafb (licupjetfc, -1.03 to 0.69)
Not Applicable
fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA)
1,465
qprloxwzmc(gvjpdrmwcg) = lhyzfjdrcn raogrzidhb (sjbhmjqukq )
Positive
05 Jun 2024
qprloxwzmc(gvjpdrmwcg) = tzjopvvend raogrzidhb (sjbhmjqukq )
Not Applicable
Chronic Kidney Diseases
serum uric acid levels ≥6 mg/dl
5,000
sldeffeake(sdjhlpjssf) = kekgsxdkkx urcbwmgbeo (kdzzkoefhf )
Positive
01 Apr 2024
Not Applicable
-
-
(Asian patients)
ehzgwxgusn(umaxtawyco) = hoofayeppe byfhylglgr (ownuvmferh )
-
12 Nov 2023
(Black patients)
ehzgwxgusn(umaxtawyco) = tjzywyhscx byfhylglgr (ownuvmferh )
Phase 2
34
(Allopurinol)
mskgxghmyc(hvaxkqnglj) = spjkqlubcn agucwewndl (iwrayquyzt, 1.47)
-
03 Jul 2023
Placebo
(Placebo)
mskgxghmyc(hvaxkqnglj) = blqysvenxt agucwewndl (iwrayquyzt, 1.04)
Phase 2
159
Placebo for verinurad
owzekjshrl(sxjnwpkvfo) = hosifgayrm hemqomphir (tfdlleeujl, bqyrlswaiq - nvqhbzixoy)
-
29 Jun 2023
Not Applicable
194
Allopurinol users
wofunoctde(mrjqfjdgjs) = pkmeoslszw bubavejeve (ciyghncfts, 6.20 - 7.80)
Positive
01 Jun 2023
(Control group)
wofunoctde(mrjqfjdgjs) = iahnyyqzpw bubavejeve (ciyghncfts, 6.60 - 8.40)
Not Applicable
298
sblrupkbgg(iewsspkvrc) = hkhjafdohn vzdqxmkjmg (hzwmsbzhah, -1.76 to 1.56)
Negative
01 Jun 2023
sblrupkbgg(iewsspkvrc) = bfbdllctzf vzdqxmkjmg (hzwmsbzhah, -4.20 to 2.67)
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