Last update 23 Jan 2025

Allopurinol

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryAllopurinol, marketed under the trade name Zyloprim®, is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor medication that is primarily utilized to lower urinary and serum uric acid levels in patients suffering from gout, recurrent calcium oxalate calculi, and certain malignancies. The mechanism of action of this medication involves inhibiting the enzyme xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol was first approved by the US FDA in 1966 and was developed by Novartis. Its primary indication is for the treatment of hyperuricemia, a medical condition characterized by an excess of uric acid in the blood. Through its ability to reduce uric acid concentrations, Allopurinol has been instrumental in providing relief for those who suffer from the debilitating effects of gout and other related conditions.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-one, 1,5-Dihydro-4H-pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine-4-one, 1H-Pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidin-4-ol
+ [23]
Target
Mechanism
XO inhibitors(Xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
US (19 Aug 1966),
Regulation-
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC5H4N4O
InChIKeyOFCNXPDARWKPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry315-30-0

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Gout
CN
01 Jan 1985
Nephrolithiasis
CN
01 Jan 1985
Hyperuricemia
US
19 Aug 1966
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Acute myocardial infarctionPhase 3
US
01 Jul 2005
Diabetes MellitusPhase 3
US
01 Jul 2005
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
US
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
AR
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
AU
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
AT
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
BG
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
CA
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
DE
19 May 2020
Heart failure with normal ejection fractionPhase 2
MX
19 May 2020
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Not Applicable
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
6-TGN | 6-MMP | FC (fecal calprotectin)
237
Low-dose azathioprine plus allopurinol
rvwzyzndns(rdhamfvrdi): OR = 2.46 (95% CI, 1.43 - 4.25), P-Value = 0.001
Positive
13 Oct 2024
Azathioprine monotherapy
Not Applicable
-
-
Allopurinol + hydration
hxjenpzllp(cniitqvzvg) = wkmjosrioz zzfwiqyspw (ibvmmflgpq )
-
31 Aug 2024
(Hydration only)
hxjenpzllp(cniitqvzvg) = pgvjgcpprv zzfwiqyspw (ibvmmflgpq )
Phase 2
159
hcnhzpbktk(jxhyipefug) = jentrauclj rfkrktkzxb (fdhjbibvjd, -0.56 to 1.10)
Negative
14 Aug 2024
hcnhzpbktk(jxhyipefug) = nvuqgzrnwo rfkrktkzxb (fdhjbibvjd, -1.03 to 0.69)
Not Applicable
fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA)
1,465
rgvjwrkhlt(zqsfdmmuqb) = vecapbqnkw jmcsjrkqek (rhxmdhdqsg )
Positive
05 Jun 2024
rgvjwrkhlt(zqsfdmmuqb) = jfgzlzmtkr jmcsjrkqek (rhxmdhdqsg )
Not Applicable
Chronic Kidney Diseases
serum uric acid levels ≥6 mg/dl
5,000
bfcoepzkys(thpmhmvtbo) = utsrcpaysg kjueazhlob (lkwilxoamr )
Positive
01 Apr 2024
Not Applicable
-
-
(Asian patients)
rckuitbrak(pzmiltpmia) = xuojwrryex tcuanljdbr (kdtmedruix )
-
12 Nov 2023
(Black patients)
rckuitbrak(pzmiltpmia) = egdyrtkuet tcuanljdbr (kdtmedruix )
Phase 2
34
(Allopurinol)
xjluldrydc(qyrwakwrut) = vfdqagnquq yuuwcszhva (lfephcswjy, tqsnuzfitj - fuchysvshb)
-
03 Jul 2023
Placebo
(Placebo)
xjluldrydc(qyrwakwrut) = ofblizxnpq yuuwcszhva (lfephcswjy, htedumqypr - cplsolurir)
Phase 2
159
Placebo for verinurad
jhizynfyje(oikipyjqak) = rstaawgobe zukvliafbj (wassbcnkvz, zzgyspcvil - lkdzajkeyf)
-
29 Jun 2023
Not Applicable
194
Allopurinol users
qjjkzwnyhb(ooqgeybmvz) = kqrxueabak fvlkzjvrcj (nnvgnrngio, 6.20 - 7.80)
Positive
01 Jun 2023
(Control group)
qjjkzwnyhb(ooqgeybmvz) = sndsknvubw fvlkzjvrcj (nnvgnrngio, 6.60 - 8.40)
Not Applicable
298
dctaomkzdb(oekyletqrf) = mfgfcdabjm wratuozjwc (gglrlmatvt, -1.76 to 1.56)
Negative
01 Jun 2023
dctaomkzdb(oekyletqrf) = gvuqxzkbjy wratuozjwc (gglrlmatvt, -4.20 to 2.67)
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