Delving into the Latest Updates on Eptifibatide with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Eptifibatide (INN), Integrelin, Intrifiban

+ [8]

Target

GP IIb/IIIa

Action

antagonists

Mechanism

GP IIb/IIIa antagonists(Integrin alpha-IIb/beta-3 antagonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesCardiovascular DiseasesOther Diseases

Active Indication

Angina, UnstableNon-St Elevated Myocardial InfarctionAcute Coronary Syndrome+ [1]

Inactive Indication

Acrocallosal SyndromeNon ST segment elevation acute coronary syndromeST Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Originator Organization

Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Active Organization

Accord Healthcare SLU

Hainan Poly Pharm. Co., Ltd.GlaxoSmithKline Trading Services Ltd.

+ [1]

Inactive Organization

Schering-Plough Research Institute

Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.

GSK Plc

+ [2]

License Organization

Schering-Plough Corp.Guangzhou Qianxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (18 May 1998),

Acute Coronary SyndromeMyocardial Infarction

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC35H49N11O9S2

InChIKeyCZKPOZZJODAYPZ-LROMGURASA-N

CAS Registry188627-80-7

Sequence Code 13855361

Source: *****

Gingival bleeding (GB) is often the initial symptom of gingivitis and periodontitis, and also an oral manifestation of certain systemic diseases. Its early prevention is of great significance for both oral and systemic health. This study aimed to identify risk drugs and their clinical characteristics using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

METHODS:

This study analysed data from the FAERS database from January 2004 to December 2024. A disproportionality analysis was conducted to assess drug-related GB with positive signals, and drugs were classified and evaluated based on their risk and patient demographics.

RESULTS:

From 2004 to 2024, the FAERS database recorded 12,310 reports related to GB. After disproportionality analysis and screening, 26 drugs were found to significantly increase the risk of drug-related GB. Among them, 14 were antithrombotic drugs, including alteplase (reporting odds ratio, ROR = 114.62), caplacizumab (ROR = 38.58), and eptifibatide (ROR = 17.73); 6 were antineoplastic drugs, including inotuzumab ozogamicin (ROR = 10.17), trastuzumab emtansine (ROR = 9.78), and mitoxantrone (ROR = 6.37); and 6 belonged to other categories.

CONCLUSION:

This study profiles drug-induced GB and identifies potential culprit drugs, which aids in understanding drug safety and optimising clinical practice.

01 Mar 2026·WATER RESEARCH

Simultaneous Sulfur Black 1 dye removal and Na2S recovery via a sulfur-circular process: Advancing closed-loop textile wastewater treatment

Article

Author: Zhou, Zhi-Cheng ; Yang, Bin ; Sun, Jian-Liang ; Ying, Guang-Guo ; Xu, Yang-Tao

Sulfur Black 1 (SB1) is a widely used dye in the textile industry. Its dyeing process generates significant amounts of wastewater containing high-molecular-weight, refractory, and toxic organic pollutants, along with sulfate. This study proposed a novel sulfur-circular process integrating persulfate-based advanced oxidation process (AOP), microbial sulfate reduction, and gas stripping-adsorption to simultaneously remove SB1 and recover sodium sulfide (Na₂S) from dyeing wastewater. In a 542-day trial, persulfate activation by zero-valent iron particles generated sulfate radicals (SO₄•^-) and hydroxyl radicals (•OH), achieving 98% oxidative degradation of SB1 in simulated dyeing wastewater. The AOP-treated wastewater, which contained biodegradable organic by-products and sulfate, was subsequently treated in an upflow anaerobic packed-bed sulfidogenic reactor (UAPSR). In the UAPSR, 42.7‒64.2% of sulfate was reduced, producing 60‒150 mg S/L dissolved sulfide. Meanwhile, the organic AOP by-products were efficiently mineralized, with a total organic carbon removal efficiency of about 80%. Fermentative bacteria (e.g., Lactococcus and Acidipropionibacterium) converted high-molecular-weight organic oxidation by-products into low-molecular-weight organics, which were further mineralized by sulfate-reducing bacteria (e.g., Desulfobacter and Desulfovibrio). Functional genes related to sulfur and carbohydrate metabolisms were also identified. Moreover, over 99% of dissolved sulfide in the UAPSR effluents was stripped and then absorbed with a NaOH solution, enabling the recovery of Na₂S as a low-cost solubilizer recycled for the SB1 dyeing process. This study offers essential fundamentals for developing cost-effective and closed-loop technologies to treat wastewater containing refractory dyes and other persistent organic pollutants.

01 Feb 2026·Journal of Stroke & Cerebrovascular Diseases

Safety and efficacy of adjunctive tirofiban and eptifibatide in acute ischemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Review

Author: Shehzad, Rida ; Ehsan, Muhammad ; Perveen, Wajida ; Hayat, Umair ; Azam, Saad ; Jafar, Uzair ; Gulzar, Junaid ; Nadeem, Bilawal ; Agrawal, Ankit ; Abualown, Yahya ; Ali, Hameer ; Zaman, Shah E ; Ahmed, Raheel ; Abideen, Zain Ul ; Ahmed, Usama

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE:

Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases, posing a substantial burden on public health systems and individuals. Tirofiban and eptifibatide are used alongside intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with AIS, as they are believed to improve clinical outcomes. We aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of IV tirofiban or eptifibatide as adjunctive therapy versus using IVT alone in patients with AIS.

METHODS:

We conducted a systematic search using PubMed, Embase, and Clinicaltrials.gov to retrieve randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing adjunctive tirofiban or eptifibatide to IVT alone in patients with AIS. The quality of included RCTs and observational studies was assessed using the revised Cochrane "Risk of Bias" tool (RoB 2.0) and Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS), respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5.4, using the random effects model with Risk Ratio (RR) and Mean difference (MD) as effect measures.

RESULTS:

Our meta-analysis included eleven studies, including seven RCTs and four observational studies, involving 1,796 patients. Our results showed that the number of patients with functional independence in the adjunctive therapy group (mRS score 0-2 at 90 days) was comparable to IVT alone (11 studies; n = 1686; RR 1.10; 95% CI, 0.90 - 1.36). There was no evidence of publication bias. Sensitivity analysis with evidence from RCTs showed that adjunctive Tirofiban may improve functional independence at 90 days. The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (8 studies; n = 1234; RR 0.74; 95% CI, 0.37 - 1.48) and mortality (11 studies; n = 1686; RR=1.18; 95% CI, 0.82-1.70) was also found to be comparable between the two groups. There was no significant difference between the two groups when assessing the risk of any ICH, asymptomatic ICH, major hemorrhage or systemic bleeding, and fatal ICH. The incidence of early neurologic deterioration and mean change in mRS score remained comparable between the two groups.

CONCLUSION:

Our meta-analysis suggests that while adjunctive tirofiban or eptifibatide with IVT do not yield benefits in terms of reducing mortality or improving functional independence at 90 days in AIS, emerging evidence from RCTs indicates that tirofiban may offer functional benefits, though this remains uncertain. Importantly, adjunctive therapy did not demonstrate a significant increase in bleeding risk in the analyzed studies. . These findings support the need for further large-scale, high-quality randomized controlled trials to explain the role of tirofiban in the management of AIS.

10

News (Medical) associated with Eptifibatide

23 Sep 2024

·www.businesswire.com

Avenacy to Share Company’s Year One Progress at CPHI Milan 2024

SCHAUMBURG, Ill.--( BUSINESS WIRE )--Avenacy, a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on supplying critical medications, looks forward to celebrating its first year of growth and success since launching in October 2023. Backed by a robust global network of development and FDA-inspected contract manufacturing partners, Avenacy has already brought 13 injectable products to the U.S. market to address key gaps in the drug supply chain. “We are incredibly proud of the achievements and progress we have made at Avenacy since launching nearly a year ago as a trusted partner and provider of critical injectable medicines for the U.S. healthcare system,” said Jeff Yordon, Co-Founder and CEO of Avenacy. “We have acted swiftly and decisively to bring over a dozen medications to the U.S. market to help meet the needs of patients, strengthened our financial position with the addition of esteemed pharmaceutical investor and businessman, Dr. Patrick Soon-Shiong, and built out our infrastructure and leadership to support scaling up our business. As we look to usher in the next phase of growth for Avenacy, we will remain steadfast in our goal of enhancing patient care and enabling access to safe, high-quality essential medications.” Through a rigorous and optimized selection process, Avenacy has launched thirteen products in the U.S. market, including: Melphalan Hydrochloride for Injection Bivalirudin for Injection Fosaprepitant for Injection Fulvestrant Injection Furosemide for Injection Desmopressin Acetate for Injection Eptifibatide for Injection Magnesium Sulfate in Water for Injection Isoproterenol Hydrochloride Injection, USP Tranexamic Acid Injection, USP Prochlorperazine Edisylate Injection, USP Palonosetron Hydrochloride Injection, USP Metoclopramide Injection, USP The Company is well-positioned to continue expanding its differentiated portfolio to meet the needs of today’s dynamic drug supply chain while ensuring quality of care to patients. All of Avenacy’s products feature unique packaging and labeling designed to assist healthcare providers with accurate medication selection, thereby supporting a reduction in administration errors and improper dosing. The Company also utilizes ready-to-use formulations of essential medications to help address dosing inaccuracies, enhance patient safety, and streamline efficiency – all with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. Avenacy will be sharing its first year progress, differentiated business model, and diverse partner network at this year’s CPHI 2024 Conference, taking place in Milan from October 8-10. During this time, the Company will be hosting meetings with potential partners, customers, and investors, as it seeks to expand its global presence and portfolio of critical injectable medicines. About Avenacy Avenacy is a U.S.-based specialty pharmaceutical company focused on supplying critical injectable medications used to treat patients in various medically supervised settings, from acute care hospitals to outpatient clinics and physician offices. Through a rigorous and optimized selection process, the Company is building out a pipeline of high-quality FDA approved injectable products in order to ensure a resilient portfolio that can meet the needs of today’s dynamic drug supply chain. With an experienced team, commitment to quality and reliability, and product offerings intended to facilitate safe and efficient patient care, Avenacy strives to be a trusted partner for essential medications. Avenacy was launched in 2023 and is headquartered in Schaumburg, IL. For more information, please visit http://www.avenacy.com/ .

Executive Change

06 Sep 2024

·www.drugs.com

Adjunctive IV Argatroban, Eptifibatide Do Not Cut Disability After Stroke

FRIDAY, Sept. 6, 2024 -- Adjunctive treatment with intravenous argatroban or eptifibatide does not reduce poststroke disability among patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis within three hours after symptom onset, according to a study published in the Sept. 5 issue of the New England Journal of Medicine . Opeolu Adeoye, M.D., from Washington University in St. Louis, and colleagues conducted a phase 3, randomized, controlled clinical trial at 57 U.S. sites involving patients with acute ischemic stroke who had received intravenous thrombolysis within three hours after symptom onset. Participants received intravenous argatroban (59 patients), eptifibatide (227 patients), or placebo (228 patients) within 75 minutes after initiation of thrombolysis. The researchers found that at 90 days, the mean utility-weighted modified Rankin scale scores were 5.2 ± 3.7, 6.3 ± 3.2, and 6.8 ± 3.0 with argatroban, eptifibatide, and placebo, respectively. The posterior probabilities that argatroban was better than placebo and that eptifibatide was better than placebo were 0.002 and 0.041, respectively (posterior mean difference in utility-weighted modified Rankin scale score, −1.51 ± 0.51 and −0.50 ± 0.29, respectively). The three groups had a similar incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (4, 3, and 2 percent, respectively). Mortality at 90 days was higher in the argatroban and eptifibatide groups versus the placebo group (24 and 12 percent, respectively, versus 8 percent). "We found no benefit of adjunctive intravenous argatroban or eptifibatide in patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with intravenous thrombolysis within three hours after symptom onset," the authors write. Several authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical industry.

Clinical ResultPhase 3

29 Apr 2024

·www.biospace.com

Avenacy Announces Launch of Eptifibatide for Injection in the U.S. Market

SCHAUMBURG, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Avenacy, a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on supplying critical injectable medications, today announced it has launched Eptifibatide for Injection in the United States as a therapeutic equivalent generic for Integrilin® for Injection (Eptifibatide) approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Eptifibatide for Injection is indicated for use in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: (Photo: Business Wire) Avenacy’s Eptifibatide for Injection is available as a 75 mg/100 mL single-dose vial. In line with Avenacy’s mission to champion patient safety and streamline patient care, Eptifibatide for Injection will feature the Company’s highly differentiated packaging and labeling to support accurate medication selection. Avenacy will begin shipping Eptifibatide for Injection to wholesale partners this week. The Company is supported by a global network of development and FDA-approved cGMP-certified contract manufacturing partners. Eptifibatide for Injection had U.S. sales of approximately $8.3 million for the twelve months ending in June 2023.1 Approved Indications: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) Eptifibatide injection is indicated to decrease the rate of a combined endpoint of death or new myocardial infarction in patients with ACS (unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction), including patients who are to be managed medically and those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) Eptifibatide injection is indicated to decrease the rate of a combined endpoint of death, new MI, or need for urgent intervention in patients undergoing PCI, including those undergoing intracoronary stenting. Please see link for Full Prescribing Information. Integrilin® is a registered trademark of Merck. 1Source: IQVIA About Avenacy Avenacy is a U.S.-based specialty pharmaceutical company focused on supplying critical injectable medications used to treat patients in various medically supervised settings, from acute care hospitals to outpatient clinics and physician offices. Through a rigorous and optimized selection process, the Company is building out a pipeline of high-quality FDA approved injectable products in order to ensure a resilient portfolio that can meet the needs of today’s dynamic drug supply chain. With an experienced team, commitment to quality and reliability, and product offerings intended to facilitate safe and efficient patient care, Avenacy strives to be a trusted partner for essential medications. Avenacy was launched in 2023 and is headquartered in Schaumburg, IL. For more information, please visit .

Drug Approval

100 Deals associated with Eptifibatide

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D06888	Eptifibatide	B01AC16	DB00063

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Angina, Unstable	United States	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	16 Jun 2003
Non-St Elevated Myocardial Infarction	United States	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	16 Jun 2003
Acute Coronary Syndrome	United States	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	18 May 1998
Myocardial Infarction	United States	Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.	18 May 1998

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction	Phase 3	France	GSK Plc	01 Oct 2006
ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction	Phase 3	Germany	GSK Plc	01 Oct 2006
Acrocallosal Syndrome	Phase 3	Spain	Schering-Plough Research Institute	28 Jan 2005
Non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome	Phase 3	Denmark	Schering Plough A/S	27 Aug 2004

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03735979 (MOST, Pubmed \| Neurology)	Phase 3	Acute Ischemic Stroke	260	Argatroban	bladwyeyqe(ufzzfzsrjg) = ucdgiasmnb vfkdhnttrc (imizbyaeam, 3.6)	Negative	11 Nov 2025
				Eptifibatide	bladwyeyqe(ufzzfzsrjg) = qagiaiixct vfkdhnttrc (imizbyaeam, 3.2)
NCT03735979 (MOST, Pubmed \| JAMA Neurol)	Phase 3	Acute Ischemic Stroke	219	Placebo	tiujeanyik(pymbvpdavw) = qxxeeivzdh gckuwobiru (dgreavcwgv, 5.98 - 7.39)	Negative	01 Oct 2025
				Argatroban	tiujeanyik(pymbvpdavw) = qxuvxwwdzr gckuwobiru (dgreavcwgv, 4.13 - 6.58)
ISC2025	Not Applicable	Acute Ischemic Stroke	60	Eptifibatide	qqquwaqrcp(knwaefrrsn) = zfyuihvnsp rirdkyoycb (woojttvruf )	Positive	30 Jan 2025
				No Eptifibatide	qqquwaqrcp(knwaefrrsn) = lznhlfromc rirdkyoycb (woojttvruf )
NCT03735979 (phase 3 \| MOST, CTgov)	Phase 3	Acute Ischemic Stroke	514	Argatroban (Argatroban)	uneeloxmiq(lwjzlqrdro) = jgxrgeponq ljhburyvaq (zjjghhiqts, 3.7) View more	-	19 Nov 2024
				Eptifibatide (Eptifibatide)	uneeloxmiq(lwjzlqrdro) = sdkwtqeuis ljhburyvaq (zjjghhiqts, 3.2) View more
NCT03735979 (MOST, Literature \| Pubmed \| N Engl J Med) Manual	Phase 3	Ischemic stroke Adjuvant	514	Argatroban	jcgkosdcdv(rxlmhsstqv) = ygqyxbrlhr nreyfaazil (yeyvridijg ) View more	Negative	04 Sep 2024
				Eptifibatide	jcgkosdcdv(rxlmhsstqv) = jipbkknrul nreyfaazil (yeyvridijg ) View more
EHA2024	Not Applicable	Acute Coronary Syndrome	26	Eptifibatide	qmdtjdhisc(wzmuagtdjr) = 54% of patients experienced a platelet drop exceeding 50%, with a median post-exposure count of 76 × 10^9/L after a median duration of 36 hours. Ten percent of patients necessitated permanent eptifibatide cessation due to severe thrombocytopenia (lowest platelet count: 2 × 10^9). Treatment primarily involved a temporary hold of eptifibatide infusion in 90% of cases, with a minority receiving platelet transfusions; no patients received steroids or immunoglobulins. clxmrppgia (cuiaqfhjdn )	-	14 May 2024
ISC2024	Not Applicable	-	-	IA Eptifibatide	zivfarwogj(qklxmbrqwp): OR = 0.592 (95% CI, 0.228 - 1.539), P-Value = 0.28	-	01 Feb 2024
				No IA Eptifibatide
NCT03370939 \| NCT03844594 (Pubmed \| Stroke)	Phase 3	Acute Ischemic Stroke	162	mechanical thrombectomy+Eptifibatide	qbzksfnjfj(etimoqokrv) = kosrpqvsxp ugmjatzgik (ekklsguqmb ) View more	Positive	02 Feb 2022
				mechanical thrombectomy	qbzksfnjfj(etimoqokrv) = vqhldljksf ugmjatzgik (ekklsguqmb ) View more
ISC2022	Not Applicable	Ischemic stroke	236	Eptifibatide	gcwpomyikz(yksnpcidvs) = EPT during EVT was associated with a higher rate of PH-2 grade hemorrhages nhbefnocxq (yzwwmevnnu )	-	01 Feb 2022
				Eptifibatide (Control groups)
NCT02925923 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Acute Coronary Syndrome \| Angina, Unstable \| Acrocallosal Syndrome	100	Ticagrelor (Ticagrelor)	rdxmupknls = cbprwhjsuh aajhyyqnac (kgklfgdrvw, yjpwmeqddp - wiloryazgu) View more	-	04 May 2020
				Clopidogrel+Eptifibatide (Eptifibatide Bolus+Clopidogrel)	rdxmupknls = grvejcnrvx aajhyyqnac (kgklfgdrvw, wxhulafrox - nzebtechgf) View more