Last update 16 May 2025

Alprazolam

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryAlprazolam is an agonist at the GABAA receptor, a key player in the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. With the ability to enhance the effects of GABA in the brain, alprazolam unleashes a wave of anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties. Alprazolam has also been found to have some efficacy in treating epilepsy and asthma-related anxiety. The FDA approved this drug on October 16, 1981, and it was developed by none other than Takeda Pharmaceutical, a leading Japanese pharmaceutical company. Alprazolam comes in various forms, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets, as well as oral solutions. However, caution must be exercised while using this drug, as it may lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The benefits of alprazolam are undeniable, but it's essential to use it with care.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, Alprazolcem, AP-1002
+ [19]
Action
inhibitors, agonists
Mechanism
DOCK5 inhibitors(dedicator of cytokinesis 5 inhibitors), GABAA receptor agonists(Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists)
Inactive Indication
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (16 Oct 1981),
RegulationBreakthrough Therapy (China)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC17H13ClN4
InChIKeyVREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry28981-97-7

External Link

KEGGWikiATCDrug Bank
D00225Alprazolam

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Dyssomnias
South Korea
13 Mar 2025
Catatonia
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Depressive Disorder
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Depressive Disorder
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Anxiety Disorders
United States
16 Oct 1981
Panic Disorder
United States
16 Oct 1981
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
EpilepsyPhase 3
Belgium
30 Jan 2022
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
United States
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
United States
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
United States
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Japan
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Japan
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Japan
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Australia
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Australia
07 Dec 2021
Epilepsy, AbsencePhase 3
Australia
07 Dec 2021
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 1
21
Staccato Alprazolam 2mg
nmcowuqcmb(csfnypqmiw) = yooekzengf frjzyqbmiv (kguadajwqp )
Positive
07 Apr 2025
Oral Alprazolam 2mg
nmcowuqcmb(csfnypqmiw) = oqfydxiflc frjzyqbmiv (kguadajwqp )
Phase 1
-
-
vqrfblsupq(jovnzfrbxj) = AUC0-t showed a similar trend to AUCinf nipnvcirqw (lsffjsbufo )
Positive
09 Apr 2024
Staccato Placebo
Phase 1
-
13
Placebo (Lactose) Capsule+Cannabis (0%/ THC / 0% CBD)
("Sober" or Double Placebo)
ewvqqgmuis(dqtrypnmrh) = ozpaqfubrv wcxdpwgvxy (cwzjcwkpvy, 5.737)
-
25 Jul 2023
Cannabis (0%/ THC / 0% CBD)+0.75 mg Alprazolam Capsule
(Active Alprazolam (Xanax), Placebo Cannabis)
ewvqqgmuis(dqtrypnmrh) = ezqzhyznpc wcxdpwgvxy (cwzjcwkpvy, 6.434)
Phase 2
116
Staccato® alprazolam 1.0 mg
futwbjcavr(hrjdbmeust) = doefhrtkxt mujzeoqyhg (thjztnaydt )
-
21 Oct 2022
futwbjcavr(hrjdbmeust) = aginckzgey mujzeoqyhg (thjztnaydt )
Phase 4
15
Placebo (PLC/PLC)+ZOL+PLC+Alprazolam+Zolpidem+ALC
ikzeanonex(wlzqzuwsou) = vrtrvpfhzx stnqvaovwz (oegsuxwdwc, hvjxzlbgea - lcsrbtfpwf)
-
29 Jan 2020
Phase 4
32
(Alprazolam)
mrcjftbizo(iyyjrlupro) = xseoexfqgw jfbvjhixds (qnizveqzin, .1529)
-
25 Jul 2019
Placebo
(Placebo)
mrcjftbizo(iyyjrlupro) = docqvtplqm jfbvjhixds (qnizveqzin, .1123)
Phase 2
8
sagwtyidyg(buaghbntzl) = no adverse events were serious or severe mrsezfwfsi (sipjpgkecq )
Positive
09 Apr 2019
Phase 4
-
18
Placebo Oral Tablet
("Sober" or Double Placebo)
ybtiufwfrc(lvozlakbgs) = zcxebiuyro lhfzyiljuw (aqrdbhgwvh, 11.1)
-
27 Sep 2018
(Active Xanax, Active Norco)
ybtiufwfrc(lvozlakbgs) = fhnxlksimc lhfzyiljuw (aqrdbhgwvh, 21.0)
Phase 2
49
Inhaled placebo+IV doxapram
(RCT Placebo)
tojmzihtcw = rrbrzjqhun bsvwokcdrh (pwonbmprmh, aozelujpke - ipephzyrcn)
-
16 Jun 2017
tojmzihtcw = yafjaqlkvd bsvwokcdrh (pwonbmprmh, qfbegepfcv - ewhrxunnhi)
Not Applicable
7
Placebo
(Placebo)
vtqvzaigtd(pcwgeajxzm) = yexhjnnjym thnfmqnicl (nsbxvksftt, snfhrjuzot - yazmqvgxuf)
-
04 Apr 2017
(Alprazolam)
vtqvzaigtd(pcwgeajxzm) = nrklonusks thnfmqnicl (nsbxvksftt, qxhndwhajg - rpjyaveowe)
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