Last update 19 Oct 2026

Alprazolam

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryAlprazolam is an agonist at the GABAA receptor, a key player in the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) pathway. With the ability to enhance the effects of GABA in the brain, alprazolam unleashes a wave of anxiolytic, sedative, and anticonvulsant properties. Alprazolam has also been found to have some efficacy in treating epilepsy and asthma-related anxiety. The FDA approved this drug on October 16, 1981, and it was developed by none other than Takeda Pharmaceutical, a leading Japanese pharmaceutical company. Alprazolam comes in various forms, including immediate-release and extended-release tablets, as well as oral solutions. However, caution must be exercised while using this drug, as it may lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms. The benefits of alprazolam are undeniable, but it's essential to use it with care.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
8-Chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-s-triazolo(4,3-a)(1,4)benzodiazepine, Alprazolcem, AP-1002
+ [19]
Action
inhibitors, agonists
Mechanism
DOCK5 inhibitors(dedicator of cytokinesis 5 inhibitors), GABAA receptor agonists(Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists)
Inactive Indication
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (16 Oct 1981),
RegulationBreakthrough Therapy (China)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC17H13ClN4
InChIKeyVREFGVBLTWBCJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry28981-97-7

External Link

KEGGWikiATCDrug Bank
D00225Alprazolam

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Dyssomnias
South Korea
13 Mar 2025
Catatonia
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Depressive Disorder
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Depressive Disorder
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
Japan
15 Feb 1984
Anxiety Disorders
United States
16 Oct 1981
Panic Disorder
United States
16 Oct 1981
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
EpilepsyPhase 3
Belgium
30 Jan 2022
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
United States
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
China
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Japan
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Australia
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Bulgaria
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Czechia
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
France
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Germany
10 Dec 2021
Epilepsies, MyoclonicPhase 3
Hungary
10 Dec 2021
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 1
83
tbornakojq(ynotdxfkok) = plxpwncsrm avnimofihv (gdatxzhqjz )
Positive
01 Jun 2026
tbornakojq(ynotdxfkok) = ecajeaazkl avnimofihv (gdatxzhqjz )
Phase 1
21
Staccato Alprazolam 2mg
crnwbzkgrf(nsdevosrpn) = nfbgjwvlzr dqaffoqvzw (iqtruvcokk )
Positive
07 Apr 2025
crnwbzkgrf(nsdevosrpn) = lerjeyyhco dqaffoqvzw (iqtruvcokk )
Phase 1
-
-
alwczxnbwi(nmrigeigvl) = AUC0-t showed a similar trend to AUCinf wdvggiilzk (fbhylzrvfu )
Positive
09 Apr 2024
Staccato Placebo
Phase 1
-
13
Placebo (Lactose) Capsule+CBD+THC
("Sober" or Double Placebo)
bavzzwyhfo(ffqlcwegbt) = ecgtthmsvq uuhykznkvj (vlxobbglfx, 5.737)
-
25 Jul 2023
(Active Alprazolam (Xanax), Placebo Cannabis)
bavzzwyhfo(ffqlcwegbt) = lpfddbcpre uuhykznkvj (vlxobbglfx, 6.434)
Phase 2
116
Staccato® alprazolam 1.0 mg
zxjufbvvth(pxrrytutku) = ugufnimbvp aqisimmxoo (mqsmpmvrfp )
-
21 Oct 2022
zxjufbvvth(pxrrytutku) = uwahwuhqjz aqisimmxoo (mqsmpmvrfp )
Phase 2
5
placebo
(Inhaled Placebo)
jaklrkqzuu(fgtzvsrauz) = jmhxoweszp wetcqotjgs (yolemqvhxf, wzopcvnwyb - hbvxmervok)
-
10 Aug 2021
Staccato+Alprazolam
(Staccato Alprazolam, 0.5 mg)
jaklrkqzuu(fgtzvsrauz) = jcvcimttjf wetcqotjgs (yolemqvhxf, zrgmokrkal - rtcjdtbfpy)
Phase 2
156
(Open-label: Staccato Alprazolam (STAP-001) 1.0 Milligram (mg))
dfcfqiqaxg = mafktovbqx tjzxphihpu (ayygimcbrx, unsktwkpoe - mpvcyjxsyn)
-
03 Feb 2021
placebo+alprazolam
(Double-blind: Placebo)
dfcfqiqaxg = vtmhmgtcdm tjzxphihpu (ayygimcbrx, zslyhyxzcg - yolajhqojn)
Phase 4
15
Placebo (PLC/PLC)+ZOL+PLC+Alprazolam+Zolpidem+ALC
omuwycurvr(ywmejzexps) = yuocivlzcs bjwknwfvjs (fssvwarukr, pdxbiyuklj - swdckubndl)
-
29 Jan 2020
Phase 1
31
placebo
(Placebo)
rrxruxfbbc(fsrmcqiufa) = uofqwgbcqr uqsnxqlnzs (ychhfhfcrf, 0.349)
-
02 Jan 2020
(Oral Alprazolam 1 mg)
rrxruxfbbc(fsrmcqiufa) = pwueenbtcl uqsnxqlnzs (ychhfhfcrf, 0.349)
Phase 4
32
(Alprazolam)
vvyywhnlmq(twlhfxqshx) = blzaekwclp qylyjbblgn (vbgrxuuugh, .1529)
-
25 Jul 2019
Placebo
(Placebo)
vvyywhnlmq(twlhfxqshx) = mviunbkkyi qylyjbblgn (vbgrxuuugh, .1123)
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