A review.Full-length antibodies have captured a significant fraction of the sales volume and value of the biopharmaceuticals market.With increasing knowledge, however, it has been recognized that full-length antibodies may not always be necessary or even desirable.Antibody fragments provide the opportunity for new therapeutic possibilities.Moreover, antibody fragments have the potential for simpler, high-yielding production processes, which can translate into a lower manufacturing cost-of-goods and extended therapeutic benefit.This article discusses the structure and production strategies available for various types of antibody fragment therapeutics.