When patients take atropine to treat gastrointestinal pain, it is easy to produce side effects of blurred vision.

The inducing factors of adverse drug reactions include non drug factors and drug factors.

Determining the causal relationship between a drug and a suspected adverse reaction is sometimes very difficult and takes a long time.

After the "Thalidomide Incident" in the 1960s, regulatory authorities in many countries established voluntary reporting systems for adverse drug reactions to collect adverse drug reactions.

Protein drugs, also known as biologics, have revolutionized the treatment of various diseases by specifically targeting specific molecules or pathways involved in disease progression.

Active targeting of a drug is typically achieved by conjugating it to a target entity that improves bioavailability and reduces systemic toxicity.

As indicated, effective use of protein drugs can be compromised by their instability in the body, rapid rates of clearance, premature uptake by tissues and immunogenicity or antigenicity.

Pharmacometric models describe the current understanding of the drug/therapy and simulations help predict next steps for testing the drug in animals and humans.

The market is expected to benefit from constant growth in the genomics and genetic modification markets as progress in genetic instruments simplifies oligonucleotide synthesis.

Compounds resembling key metabolites can compete with them or disrupt their use, or get incorporated into biological macromolecules, creating faulty structures that hinder cell growth and can be lethal.

Somatic cell gene therapy targets those cells of the body that are not involved in reproduction – the somatic cells.

The definition of IBD in the Guideline refers to the date of the first marketing approval for any product containing the active substance granted to any company in any country in the world.