Amnesia

New analyses suggest REXULTI was associated with reductions in overall neuropsychiatric symptoms and in agitation symptoms REXULTI was associated with reductions in occupational disruptiveness/caregiver distress as early as four weeks Efficacy of REXULTI for agitation symptoms confirmed across dementia severity, care setting, concomitant/prior medication use, and co-occurring neuropsychiatric symptoms REXULTI was associated with improvement in agitation symptoms in patients with and without psychosis symptoms at baseline PRINCETON, N.J. & DEERFIELD, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (Otsuka) and Lundbeck U.S., the U.S. subsidiaries of H. Lundbeck A/S, (Lundbeck) presented new post hoc pooled analyses of two pivotal Phase 3 trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of REXULTI® (brexpiprazole) in patients with agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.1 The posters were presented on March 16 at the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP) 2024 Annual Meeting in Atlanta. This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: REXULTI is the first treatment approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.2 Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease is a common neuropsychiatric condition reported in approximately half of all patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease and one of the most complex and stressful aspects of caring for people living with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.3 Agitation symptoms include behaviors such as pacing, gesturing, profanity, shouting, shoving, and hitting.4 Otsuka and Lundbeck presented three practice-relevant posters containing post hoc analyses on the efficacy of REXULTI in patients with agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, and caregiver impact at the meeting. One poster utilized the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) to explore the relationship of REXULTI on neuropsychiatric symptoms relating to agitation and occupational disruptiveness/caregiver distress related to patients’ behavior. The NPI, which is administered through a structured caregiver interview, is comprised of 12 domains of neuropsychiatric symptoms including agitation/aggression, irritability/lability, and disinhibition. Each domain is scored from best to worst based on frequency, severity, and occupational disruptiveness/caregiver distress. The analysis demonstrated that REXULTI was associated with reductions in overall neuropsychiatric symptoms and in agitation symptoms (as captured by the NPI) compared with placebo over 12 weeks. In addition, REXULTI was associated with a greater reduction in occupational disruptiveness/caregiver distress total score compared to placebo, with separation observed as early as Week 4.1 Another poster explored the efficacy of REXULTI on symptoms of agitation across different patient characteristic subgroups that are common in clinical practice, including baseline dementia severity, care setting, concomitant/prior medication use, and baseline co-occurring NPI symptoms (excluding agitation). A responder analysis based on a meaningful within-patient change threshold of ≥20-point reduction from baseline to Week 12 in the CMAI Total score was also conducted. The post-hoc analysis demonstrated that REXULTI was associated with greater improvement in symptoms of agitation than placebo across all subgroups as measured by the change from baseline in Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) total score at Week 12.5 The final poster looked at the efficacy and safety of REXULTI in patients grouped by baseline psychosis status (with psychosis and without psychosis), with approximately a quarter of patients presenting with psychosis symptoms at baseline. The analysis showed fixed-dose REXULTI 2 or 3 mg/day was associated with greater improvements in agitation symptoms compared with placebo in both subgroups, as measured by the change in CMAI total score at Week 12. In addition, the safety and tolerability of REXULTI 0.5-3mg/day was similar between the subgroups.6 “It’s well known that the effects of dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease extend beyond the patient to caregivers whose lives are often disrupted in order to meet the significant demands of care,” said George T. Grossberg, MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience at Saint Louis University School of Medicine. “These new analyses are important because they are the first to explore the potential impact of addressing agitation symptoms with brexpiprazole on caregiver-reported distress.” “These data reinforce the urgency to treat agitation separately from dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease and gives prescribers further confidence to choose an FDA-approved therapy to help address these symptoms,” said John Kraus, M.D., Ph.D., executive vice president and chief medical officer, Otsuka. “We greatly appreciate the efforts of the caregivers and their families that participated in these important clinical trials.” “Family caregivers typically spend more than 20 hours a week caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s disease,”7 said Johan Luthman, executive vice president, Lundbeck Research & Development. “The breadth of data presented at AAGP represents our continued commitment to understanding the full potential of REXULTI on agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.” About Agitation Associated with Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease is a common neuropsychiatric symptom that is reported in approximately half of all patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease.3 The condition has a large impact on the quality of life for the patients, family members, and caregivers.3,8 Agitation associated with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease covers a large group of behaviors occurring in patients with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease, such as pacing, gesturing, profanity, shouting, shoving, and hitting.8 Symptoms of agitation are also a consistent predictor of nursing home admission in patients with dementia, including those with Alzheimer’s disease.9-11 About Brexpiprazole Brexpiprazole was approved in the U.S. in 2015 as an adjunctive therapy to antidepressants in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) and as a treatment for schizophrenia in adults. Brexpiprazole was also approved by Health Canada for schizophrenia and adjunctive treatment of MDD in 2017 and 2019, respectively. It was approved by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in Japan and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) in 2018 for the treatment of schizophrenia. Brexpiprazole was discovered by Otsuka and is being co-developed by Otsuka and Lundbeck. The mechanism of action of brexpiprazole is unknown, however the efficacy of brexpiprazole may be mediated through a combination of partial agonist activity at serotonin 5-HT1A and dopamine D2 receptors, and antagonist activity at serotonin 5-HT2A receptors. INDICATIONS and IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION for REXULTI® (brexpiprazole) INDICATIONS: REXULTI is a prescription medicine used: along with antidepressant medicines to treat major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults to treat schizophrenia in adults and children ages 13 years and older to treat agitation that may happen with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease REXULTI should not be used as an “as needed” treatment for agitation that may happen with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. It is not known if REXULTI is safe and effective in children with MDD. It is not known if REXULTI is safe and effective in children under 13 years of age with schizophrenia. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION: Increased risk of death in elderly people with dementia-related psychosis. Medicines like REXULTI can raise the risk of death in elderly people who have lost touch with reality (psychosis) due to confusion and memory loss (dementia). REXULTI is not approved for the treatment of people with dementia-related psychosis without agitation that may happen with dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. Increased risk of suicidal thoughts and actions. REXULTI and antidepressant medicines may increase suicidal thoughts and actions in some people 24 years of age and younger, especially within the first few months of treatment or when the dose is changed. Depression and other mental illnesses are the most important causes of suicidal thoughts and actions. Patients on antidepressants and their families or caregivers should watch for new or worsening depression symptoms, especially sudden changes in mood, behaviors, thoughts, or feelings. Report any change in these symptoms immediately to the doctor. Do not take REXULTI if you are allergic to brexpiprazole or any of the ingredients in REXULTI. REXULTI may cause serious side effects, including: Cerebrovascular problems, including stroke, in elderly people with dementia-related psychosis that can lead to death. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is a serious condition that can lead to death. Call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency room right away if you have some or all of the following signs and symptoms of NMS: high fever; changes in your pulse, blood pressure, heart rate, and breathing; stiff muscles; confusion; increased sweating Uncontrolled body movements (tardive dyskinesia). REXULTI may cause movements that you cannot control in your face, tongue, or other body parts. Tardive dyskinesia may not go away, even if you stop taking REXULTI. Tardive dyskinesia may also start after you stop taking REXULTI. Problems with your metabolism such as: high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) and diabetes. Increases in blood sugar can happen in some people who take REXULTI. Extremely high blood sugar can lead to coma or death. Your healthcare provider should check your blood sugar before you start, or soon after you start REXULTI and then regularly during long term treatment with REXULTI. Call your healthcare provider if you have any of these symptoms of high blood sugar during treatment with REXULTI: feel very thirsty feel very hungry feel sick to your stomach need to urinate more than usual feel weak or tired feel confused, or your breath smells fruity increased fat levels (cholesterol and triglycerides) in your blood. Your healthcare provider should check the fat levels in your blood before you start, or soon after you start REXULTI, and then periodically during treatment with REXULTI. weight gain. You and your healthcare provider should check your weight before you start and often during treatment with REXULTI. Unusual and uncontrollable (compulsive) urges. Some people taking REXULTI have had strong unusual urges, to gamble and gambling that cannot be controlled (compulsive gambling). Other compulsive urges include sexual urges, shopping, and eating or binge eating. If you or your family members notice that you are having new or unusual strong urges or behaviors, talk to your healthcare provider. Low white blood cell count. Your healthcare provider may do blood tests during the first few months of treatment with REXULTI. Decreased blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension) and fainting. You may feel dizzy, lightheaded or pass out (faint) when you rise too quickly from a sitting or lying position. Falls. REXULTI may make you sleepy or dizzy, may cause a decrease in your blood pressure when changing position (orthostatic hypotension), and can slow your thinking and motor skills which may lead to falls that can cause fractures or other injuries. Seizures (convulsions). Problems controlling your body temperature so that you feel too warm. Do not become too hot or dehydrated during treatment with REXULTI. Do not exercise too much. In hot weather, stay inside in a cool place if possible. Stay out of the sun. Do not wear too much clothing or heavy clothing. Drink plenty of water. Difficulty swallowing that can cause food or liquid to get into your lungs. Sleepiness, drowsiness, feeling tired, difficulty thinking and doing normal activities. Do not drive a car, operate machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how REXULTI affects you. REXULTI may make you feel drowsy. Before taking REXULTI, tell your healthcare provider about all of your medical conditions, including if you: have or have had heart problems or a stroke have or have had low or high blood pressure have or have had diabetes or high blood sugar or a family history of diabetes or high blood sugar. Your healthcare provider should check your blood sugar before you start REXULTI and during treatment with REXULTI. have or have had high levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, or triglycerides, or low levels of HDL cholesterol have or have had seizures (convulsions) have or have had kidney or liver problems have or have had a low white blood cell count are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. REXULTI may harm your unborn baby. Taking REXULTI during your third trimester of pregnancy may cause your baby to have abnormal muscle movements or withdrawal symptoms after birth. Talk to your healthcare provider about the risk to your unborn baby if you take REXULTI during pregnancy. Tell your healthcare provider if you become pregnant or think you are pregnant during treatment with REXULTI. There is a pregnancy exposure registry for women who are exposed to REXULTI during pregnancy. If you become pregnant during treatment with REXULTI, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics. You can register by calling 1-866-961-2388 or visit . are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if REXULTI passes into your breast milk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby during treatment with REXULTI. Tell your healthcare provider about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. REXULTI and other medicines may affect each other causing possible serious side effects. REXULTI may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how REXULTI works. Your healthcare provider can tell you if it is safe to take REXULTI with your other medicines. Do not start or stop any medicines during treatment with REXULTI without first talking to your healthcare provider. The most common side effects of REXULTI include weight gain, sleepiness, dizziness, common cold symptoms, and restlessness or feeling like you need to move (akathisia). These are not all the possible side effects of REXULTI. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. You are encouraged to report side effects of REXULTI (brexpiprazole). Please contact Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. at 1-800-438-9927 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 ( ). Please read FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION, including BOXED WARNING, and MEDICATION GUIDE for REXULTI. About Otsuka Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. is a global healthcare company with the corporate philosophy: Otsuka–people creating new products for better health worldwide. Otsuka researches, develops, manufactures, and markets innovative products, with a focus on pharmaceutical products to meet unmet medical needs and nutraceutical products for the maintenance of everyday health. In pharmaceuticals, Otsuka is a leader in the challenging areas of mental, renal, and cardiovascular health and has additional research programs in oncology and on several under-addressed diseases including tuberculosis, a significant global public health issue. These commitments illustrate how Otsuka is a “big venture” company at heart, applying a youthful spirit of creativity in everything it does. Otsuka established a presence in the U.S. in 1973 and today its U.S. affiliates include Otsuka Pharmaceutical Development & Commercialization, Inc. (OPDC) and Otsuka America Pharmaceutical, Inc. (OAPI). These two companies’ 2,000 employees in the U.S. develop and commercialize medicines in the areas of mental health and nephrology, using cutting-edge technology to address unmet healthcare needs. OPDC and OAPI are indirect subsidiaries of Otsuka Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., which is a subsidiary of Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The Otsuka group of companies employed 47,000 people worldwide and had consolidated sales of approximately USD 14.2 billion in 2023. All Otsuka stories start by taking the road less traveled. Learn more about Otsuka in the U.S. at and connect with us on LinkedIn and Twitter at @OtsukaUS. Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.’s global website is accessible at About Lundbeck Lundbeck US refers to the wholly owned US subsidiaries of H. Lundbeck A/S (HLUNa / HLUNb, HLUNA DC / HLUNB DC), a global pharmaceutical company specialized in brain diseases, including Lundbeck LLC and Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals LLC. For more than 70 years, we have been at the forefront of neuroscience research. We are tirelessly dedicated to restoring brain health, so every person can be their best. We have approximately 5,400 employees in more than 50 countries, and our products are available in more than 100 countries. Our research programs tackle some of the most complex challenges in neuroscience, and our pipeline is focused on bringing forward transformative treatments for brain diseases for which there are few, if any therapeutic options. We have research facilities in Denmark and the United States, and our production facilities are located in Denmark, France and Italy. In the United States, H. Lundbeck A/S subsidiaries, including Lundbeck LLC and Lundbeck Pharmaceuticals LLC, employ more than 1,000 people focused solely on accelerating therapies for brain disorders. With a special commitment to the lives of patients, families and caregivers, Lundbeck US actively engages in a broad range of initiatives each year that support patient communities. For additional information, we encourage you to visit us at lundbeck.com/us and connect with us on LinkedIn and Twitter at @LundbeckUS. References Brubaker M, Wang D, Chumki S, et al. Efficacy of Brexpiprazole Across Agitation Behaviors in Alzheimer’s Disease, Including Impact on Caregivers, Analyzed Using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory: a Post Hoc Pooled Analysis of Randomized, Fixed-dose, Placebo-controlled Trials. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP), Atlanta, Ge., March-15-18, 2024. FDA News Release. FDA Approves First Drug to Treat Agitation Symptoms Associated with Dementia due to Alzheimer’s Disease. Published: May 11, 2023. Last accessed: Feb 20, 2024. Available at: Halpern R, Seare J, Tong J, Hartry A, Olaoye A, Aigbogun MS. Using electronic health records to estimate the prevalence of agitation in Alzheimer disease/dementia. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2019;34(3):420-431. Cummings J, Mintzer J, Brodaty H, et al. Agitation in cognitive disorders: International Psychogeriatric Association provisional consensus clinical and research definition. Int Psychogeriatr. 2015;27(1):7-17. Brubaker M, Wang D, Chumki S, et al. Efficacy of Brexpiprazole in Patients With Agitation Associated With Dementia Due to Alzheimer’s Disease Analyzed by Patient Characteristics: a Post Hoc Pooled Analysis of Randomized, Fixed-dose, Placebo-controlled Trials. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP), Atlanta, Ge., March-15-18, 2024. Behl S, Chang D, Chen D, et. al. Efficacy of Brexpiprazole in Patients with Agitation Associated With Alzheimer’s Dementia Analyzed by Presence or Absence of Psychosis: a Pooled Analysis. American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry (AAGP), Atlanta, Ge., March-15-18, 2024. Alzheimer’s Association. 2015 Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Alzheimer’s & Dementia 2015;11(3)332. Last accessed: 07 Mar, 2024. Available at: Fillit H, Aigbogun MS, Gagnon-Sanschagrin P, et al. Impact of agitation in long-term care residents with dementia in the United States. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021;36(12):1959-1969. Gaugler JE, Yu F, Krichbaum K, Wyman JF. Predictors of nursing home admission for persons with dementia [published correction appears in Med Care. 2009 May;47(5):606]. Med Care. 2009;47(2):191-198. Kales HC, Chen P, Blow FC, Welsh DE, Mellow AM. Rates of clinical depression diagnosis, functional impairment, and nursing home placement in coexisting dementia and depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2005;13(6):441-449. Yaffe K, Fox P, Newcomer R, et al. Patient and caregiver characteristics and nursing home placement in patients with dementia. JAMA. 2002;287(16):2090-2097.

FDA ODAC unanimously votes 11 to 0 supporting favorable risk-benefit assessment of CARVYKTI® based on results from the Phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 study RARITAN, N.J., March 15, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Johnson & Johnson announced today that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Oncologic Drugs Advisory Committee (ODAC) recommends CARVYKTI® (ciltacabtagene autoleucel, cilta-cel) for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior line of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor (PI) and an immunomodulatory agent (IMiD) and who are refractory to lenalidomide. The committee reviewed survival and safety data from the Phase 3 CARTITUDE-4 study and voted unanimously in favor of CARVYKTI® (11 to 0) finding the risk-benefit assessment of CARVYKTI® for the proposed indication as favorable. A supplemental Biologics License Application (sBLA) supported by the CARTITUDE-4 study is currently under review by the FDA with a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) date of April 5, 2024. "We are pleased with the advisory committee's support for CARVYKTI in earlier lines of treatment based on the CARTITUDE-4 data," said Jordan Schecter, M.D., Vice President, Disease Area Leader, Multiple Myeloma, Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine. "As a physician and researcher committed to advancing patient care, the potential of CARVYKTI in earlier lines of therapy represents an important therapeutic option for patients with multiple myeloma." The committee reviewed data from the CARTITUDE-4 study, the first randomized Phase 3 study of CARVYKTI®, which evaluated the efficacy and safety of CARVYKTI® versus pomalidomide, bortezomib and dexamethasone (PVd) or daratumumab, pomalidomide and dexamethasone (DPd) in the treatment of patients with relapsed and lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma who received one to three prior lines of therapy.1 These data also served as the basis for the recent European Medicines Agency (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) positive opinion of a Type II variation for CARVYKTI® in the treatment of patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior therapy, including an IMiD and a PI, and are refractory to lenalidomide.2 Results from the CARTITUDE-4 study were initially presented at the 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting and published in The New England Journal of Medicine.1,3 "Multiple myeloma is a disease with high unmet need as patients experience relapse or become refractory to treatments over time," said Sundar Jagannath, M.D., Director of the Center of Excellence for Multiple Myeloma and Professor of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Mount Sinai.‡ "The availability of a cellular therapy like cilta-cel that can be used earlier in the treatment of this progressive disease is critically important, offering patients a chance of deep and durable responses with a one-time infusion." The ODAC is convened upon request of the FDA to review and evaluate safety and efficacy data of human drug products for use in the treatment of oncologic diseases. The committee provides non-binding recommendations based on its evaluation; however, final decisions on approval of the drug are made by the FDA. About CARVYKTI® (ciltacabtagene autoleucel; cilta-cel) CARVYKTI® received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in February 2022 for the treatment of adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after four or more prior lines of therapy, including a PI, an IMiD agent, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.4 In May 2022, the European Commission granted conditional marketing authorization of CARVYKTI® for the treatment of adults with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least three prior therapies, including an IMiD agent, a PI and an anti-CD38 antibody, and have demonstrated disease progression on the last therapy. CARVYKTI® is a BCMA-directed, genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy, which involves reprogramming a patient's own T-cells with a transgene encoding chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that directs the CAR positive T-cells to eliminate cells that express BCMA. BCMA is primarily expressed on the surface of malignant multiple myeloma B-lineage cells, as well as late-stage B cells and plasma cells. The CARVYKTI® CAR protein features two BCMA-targeting single domains designed to confer high avidity against human BCMA. Upon binding to BCMA-expressing cells, the CAR promotes T-cell activation, expansion, and elimination of target cells. In December 2017, Janssen Biotech, Inc. entered into an exclusive worldwide license and collaboration agreement with Legend Biotech USA, Inc. to develop and commercialize CARVYKTI®. For more information, visit . About multiple myeloma Multiple myeloma is an incurable blood cancer that affects a type of white blood cell called plasma cells, which are found in the bone marrow.5 In multiple myeloma, these plasma cells proliferate and spread rapidly and replace normal cells in the bone marrow with tumors.6 Multiple myeloma is the third most common blood cancer worldwide and remains an incurable disease.7 In 2024, it was estimated that more than 35,000 people will be diagnosed with multiple myeloma in the U.S. and more than 12,000 people would die from the disease.8 People living with multiple myeloma have a 5-year survival rate of 59.8 percent.9 While some people diagnosed with multiple myeloma initially have no symptoms, most patients are diagnosed due to symptoms that can include bone fracture or pain, low red blood cell counts, tiredness, high calcium levels and kidney problems or infections.10,11 CARVYKTI® IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) including fatal or life-threatening reactions, occurred following treatment with CARVYKTI® in 95% (92/97) of patients receiving ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Grade 3 or higher CRS (2019 ASTCT grade) occurred in 5% (5/97) of patients, with Grade 5 CRS reported in 1 patient. The median time to onset of CRS was 7 days (range: 112 days). The most common manifestations of CRS included pyrexia (100%), hypotension (43%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (22%), chills (15%), increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (14%) and sinus tachycardia (11%). Grade 3 or higher events associated with CRS included increased AST and ALT, hyperbilirubinemia, hypotension, pyrexia, hypoxia, respiratory failure, acute kidney injury, disseminated intravascular coagulation and hemorrhage, HLH/MAS, angina pectoris, supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, malaise, myalgias, increased C-reactive protein, ferritin, blood alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Identify CRS based on clinical presentation. Evaluate for and treat other causes of fever, hypoxia, and hypotension. CRS has been reported to be associated with findings of HLH/MAS, and the physiology of the syndromes may overlap. HLH/MAS is a potentially life-threatening condition. In patients with progressive symptoms of CRS or refractory CRS despite treatment, evaluate for evidence of HLH/MAS. One patient with CRS and suspected HLH/MAS developed a fatal retroperitoneal hemorrhage in the setting of thrombocytopenia, coagulopathy and anticoagulation. Sixty-nine of 97 (71%) patients received tocilizumab and/or a corticosteroid for CRS after infusion of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Forty-four (45%) patients received only tocilizumab, of whom 33 (34%) received a single dose and 11 (11%) received more than one dose; 24 patients (25%) received tocilizumab and a corticosteroid, and one patient (1%) received only corticosteroids. Ensure that a minimum of two doses of tocilizumab are available prior to infusion of CARVYKTI®. Monitor patients at least daily for 10 days following CARVYKTI® infusion at a REMS-certified healthcare facility for signs and symptoms of CRS. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of CRS for at least 4 weeks after infusion. At the first sign of CRS, immediately institute treatment with supportive care, tocilizumab, or tocilizumab and corticosteroids. Counsel patients to seek immediate medical attention should signs or symptoms of CRS occur at any time. Neurologic toxicities, which may be severe, life-threatening or fatal, occurred following treatment with CARVYKTI®. Neurologic toxicities included ICANS, neurologic toxicity with signs and symptoms of parkinsonism, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, immune mediated myelitis, peripheral neuropathies, and cranial nerve palsies. Counsel patients on the signs and symptoms of these neurologic toxicities, and on the delayed nature of onset of some of these toxicities. Instruct patients to seek immediate medical attention for further assessment and management if signs or symptoms of any of these neurologic toxicities occur at any time. Overall, one or more subtypes of neurologic toxicity described below occurred following ciltacabtagene autoleucel in 26% (25/97) of patients, of which 11% (11/97) of patients experienced Grade 3 or higher events. These subtypes of neurologic toxicities were also observed in two ongoing studies. Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS): Patients may experience fatal or life-threatening ICANS following treatment with CARVYKTI®, including before CRS onset, concurrently with CRS, after CRS resolution, or in the absence of CRS. ICANS occurred in 23% (22/97) of patients receiving ciltacabtagene autoleucel including Grade 3 or 4 events in 3% (3/97) and Grade 5 (fatal) events in 2% (2/97). The median time to onset of ICANS was 8 days (range 1-28 days). All 22 patients with ICANS had CRS. The most frequent (≥5%) manifestation of ICANS included encephalopathy (23%), aphasia (8%) and headache (6%). Monitor patients at least daily for 10 days following CARVYKTI® infusion at the REMS certified healthcare facility for signs and symptoms of ICANS. Rule out other causes of ICANS symptoms. Monitor patients for signs or symptoms of ICANS for at least 4 weeks after infusion and treat promptly. Neurologic toxicity should be managed with supportive care and/or corticosteroids as needed. Parkinsonism: Of the 25 patients in the CARTITUDE-1 study experiencing any neurotoxicity, five male patients had neurologic toxicity with several signs and symptoms of parkinsonism, distinct from immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). Neurologic toxicity with parkinsonism has been reported in other ongoing trials of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Patients had parkinsonian and non-parkinsonian symptoms that included tremor, bradykinesia, involuntary movements, stereotypy, loss of spontaneous movements, masked facies, apathy, flat affect, fatigue, rigidity, psychomotor retardation, micrographia, dysgraphia, apraxia, lethargy, confusion, somnolence, loss of consciousness, delayed reflexes, hyperreflexia, memory loss, difficulty swallowing, bowel incontinence, falls, stooped posture, shuffling gait, muscle weakness and wasting, motor dysfunction, motor and sensory loss, akinetic mutism, and frontal lobe release signs. The median onset of parkinsonism in the 5 patients in CARTITUDE-1 was 43 days (range 15-108) from infusion of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of parkinsonism that may be delayed in onset and managed with supportive care measures. There is limited efficacy information with medications used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, for the improvement or resolution of parkinsonism symptoms following CARVYKTI® treatment. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A fatal outcome following Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) has occurred in another ongoing study of ciltacabtagene autoleucel despite treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Symptoms reported include those consistent with Miller-Fisher variant of GBS, encephalopathy, motor weakness, speech disturbances and polyradiculoneuritis. Monitor for GBS. Evaluate patients presenting with peripheral neuropathy for GBS. Consider treatment of GBS with supportive care measures and in conjunction with immunoglobulin and plasma exchange, depending on severity of GBS. Immune Mediated Myelitis: Grade 3 myelitis has occurred 25 days following treatment in another ongoing study. Symptoms reported included hypoesthesia of the lower extremities and the lower abdomen with impaired sphincter control. Symptoms improved with the use of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. Myelitis was ongoing at the time of death from other cause. Peripheral Neuropathy: Six patients in CARTITUDE-1 developed peripheral neuropathy. These neuropathies presented as sensory, motor or sensorimotor neuropathies. Median time of onset of symptoms was 62 days (range 4-136 days), median duration of peripheral neuropathies was 256 days (range 2-465 days) including those with ongoing neuropathy. Patients who experienced peripheral neuropathy also experienced cranial nerve palsies or GBS in other ongoing trials of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of peripheral neuropathies. Cranial Nerve Palsies: Three patients (3.1%) experienced cranial nerve palsies in CARTITUDE-1. All three patients had 7th cranial nerve palsy; one patient had 5th cranial nerve palsy as well. Median time to onset was 26 days (range 21-101 days) following infusion of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Occurrence of 3rd and 6th cranial nerve palsy, bilateral 7th cranial nerve palsy, worsening of cranial nerve palsy after improvement, and occurrence of peripheral neuropathy in patients with cranial nerve palsy have also been reported in ongoing trials of ciltacabtagene autoleucel. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of cranial nerve palsies. Consider management with systemic corticosteroids, depending on the severity and progression of signs and symptoms. Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS): Fatal HLH occurred in one patient (1%), 99 days after ciltacabtagene autoleucel. The HLH event was preceded by prolonged CRS lasting 97 days. The manifestations of HLH/MAS include hypotension, hypoxia with diffuse alveolar damage, coagulopathy, cytopenia, and multi-organ dysfunction, including renal dysfunction. One patient with Grade 4 HLH/MAS developed fatal intracerebral and gastrointestinal hemorrhage in the setting of coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia 12 days after treatment in another ongoing study. Patients who develop HLH/MAS have an increased risk of severe bleeding. Monitor hematological parameters in patients with HLH/MAS and transfuse per institutional guidelines. HLH is a life-threatening condition with a high mortality rate if not recognized and treated early. Treatment of HLH/MAS should be administered per institutional standards. CARVYKTI® REMS: Because of the risk of CRS and neurologic toxicities, CARVYKTI® is available only through a restricted program under a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) called the CARVYKTI® REMS. Further information is available at or 1-844-672-0067. Prolonged and Recurrent Cytopenias: Patients may exhibit prolonged and recurrent cytopenias following lymphodepleting chemotherapy and CARVYKTI® infusion. One patient underwent autologous stem cell therapy for hematopoietic reconstitution due to prolonged thrombocytopenia. In CARTITUDE-1, 30% (29/97) of patients experienced prolonged Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and 41% (40/97) of patients experienced prolonged Grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia that had not resolved by Day 30 following ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion. Recurrent Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphopenia and anemia were seen in 63% (61/97), 18% (17/97), 60% (58/97), and 37% (36/97) after recovery from initial Grade 3 or 4 cytopenia following infusion. After Day 60 following ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion, 31%, 12% and 6% of patients had a recurrence of Grade 3 or higher lymphopenia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively, after initial recovery of their Grade 3 or 4 cytopenia. Eighty-seven percent (84/97) of patients had one, two, or three or more recurrences of Grade 3 or 4 cytopenias after initial recovery of Grade 3 or 4 cytopenia. Six and 11 patients had Grade 3 or 4 neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, respectively, at the time of death. Monitor blood counts prior to and after CARVYKTI® infusion. Manage cytopenias with growth factors and blood product transfusion support according to local institutional guidelines. Infections: CARVYKTI® should not be administered to patients with active infection or inflammatory disorders. Severe, life-threatening or fatal infections occurred in patients after CARVYKTI® infusion. Infections (all grades) occurred in 57 (59%) patients. Grade 3 or 4 infections occurred in 23% (22/97) of patients; Grade 3 or 4 infections with an unspecified pathogen occurred in 17%, viral infections in 7%, bacterial infections in 1%, and fungal infections in 1% of patients. Overall, four patients had Grade 5 infections: lung abscess (n=1), sepsis (n=2) and pneumonia (n=1). Grade 5 infections reported in other studies include bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, and CMV colitis (with HSV-1 hepatitis). Another patient developed mycotic aneurysm due to cerebral aspergillosis and died of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Monitor patients for signs and symptoms of infection before and after CARVYKTI® infusion and treat patients appropriately. Administer prophylactic, pre-emptive and/or therapeutic antimicrobials according to the standard institutional guidelines. Febrile neutropenia was observed in 10% of patients after ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion, and may be concurrent with CRS. In the event of febrile neutropenia, evaluate for infection and manage with broad-spectrum antibiotics, fluids and other supportive care, as medically indicated. In a randomized controlled study of relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (CARTITUDE-4), patients treated with ciltacabtagene autoleucel had an increased rate of fatal COVID-19 infections compared to the standard therapy arm. Counsel patients on the importance of prevention measures. Follow institutional guidelines for the vaccination and management of immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. Viral Reactivation: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, in some cases resulting in fulminant hepatitis, hepatic failure and death, can occur in patients with hypogammaglobulinemia. Perform screening for Cytomegalovirus (CMV), HBV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or any other infectious agents if clinically indicated in accordance with clinical guidelines before collection of cells for manufacturing. Consider antiviral therapy to prevent viral reactivation per local institutional guidelines/clinical practice. Hypogammaglobulinemia was reported as an adverse event in 12% (12/97) of patients; laboratory IgG levels fell below 500 mg/dL after infusion in 92% (89/97) of patients. Monitor immunoglobulin levels after treatment with CARVYKTI® and administer IVIG for IgG <400 mg/dL. Manage per local institutional guidelines, including infection precautions and antibiotic or antiviral prophylaxis. Use of Live Vaccines: The safety of immunization with live viral vaccines during or following CARVYKTI® treatment has not been studied. Vaccination with live virus vaccines is not recommended for at least 6 weeks prior to the start of lymphodepleting chemotherapy, during CARVYKTI® treatment, and until immune recovery following treatment with CARVYKTI®. Hypersensitivity Reactions have occurred in 5% (5/97) of patients following ciltacabtagene autoleucel infusion. Serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis, may be due to the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in CARVYKTI®. Patients should be carefully monitored for 2 hours after infusion for signs and symptoms of severe reaction. Treat promptly and manage appropriately according to the severity of the hypersensitivity reaction. Secondary Malignancies: Patients may develop secondary malignancies. Monitor life-long for secondary malignancies. In the event that a secondary malignancy occurs, contact Janssen Biotech, Inc., at 1-800-526-7736 for reporting and to obtain instructions on collection of patient samples for testing of secondary malignancy of T cell origin. Effects on Ability to Drive and Use Machines: Due to the potential for neurologic events, including altered mental status, seizures, neurocognitive decline, or neuropathy, patients are at risk for altered or decreased consciousness or coordination in the 8 weeks following CARVYKTI® infusion. Advise patients to refrain from driving and engaging in hazardous occupations or activities, such as operating heavy or potentially dangerous machinery during this initial period, and in the event of new onset of any neurologic toxicities. ADVERSE REACTIONS The most common non-laboratory adverse reactions (incidence greater than 20%) are pyrexia, cytokine release syndrome, hypogammaglobulinemia, hypotension, musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, infections of unspecified pathogen, cough, chills, diarrhea, nausea, encephalopathy, decreased appetite, upper respiratory tract infection, headache, tachycardia, dizziness, dyspnea, edema, viral infections, coagulopathy, constipation, and vomiting. The most common laboratory adverse reactions (incidence greater than or equal to 50%) include thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, anemia, aminotransferase elevation, and hypoalbuminemia. Please read full Prescribing Information, including Boxed Warning, for CARVYKTI®. About Johnson & Johnson At Johnson & Johnson, we believe health is everything. Our strength in healthcare innovation empowers us to build a world where complex diseases are prevented, treated, and cured, where treatments are smarter and less invasive, and solutions are personal. Through our expertise in Innovative Medicine and MedTech, we are uniquely positioned to innovate across the full spectrum of healthcare solutions today to deliver the breakthroughs of tomorrow, and profoundly impact health for humanity. Learn more at or at . Follow us at @JanssenUS and @JNJInnovMed. Janssen Research & Development, LLC and Janssen Biotech, Inc. are both Johnson & Johnson companies. ‡ Dr. Sundar Jagannath has provided consulting, advisory, and speaking services to Johnson & Johnson; he has not been paid for any media work. Cautions Concerning Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding product development and the potential benefits and treatment impact of CARVYKTI® (ciltacabtagene autoleucel). The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Biotech, Inc., and/or Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: challenges and uncertainties inherent in product research and development, including the uncertainty of clinical success and of obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manufacturing difficulties and delays; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges to patents; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including global health care reforms; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, including in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors," and in Johnson & Johnson's subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at , or on request from Johnson & Johnson. None of Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Janssen Biotech, Inc., nor Johnson & Johnson undertake to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments. 1 Dhakal, B. First phase 3 results from CARTITUDE-4: Cilta-cel versus standard of care (PVd or DPd) in lenalidomide-refractory multiple myeloma. Abstract #LBA106 [Oral Presentation]. Presented at the 2023 American Society of Clinical Oncology Annual Meeting. 2 Janssen receives positive CHMP opinion for CARVYKTI (ciltacabtagene autoleutcel; cilta-cel) for treatment in earlier lines of relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma. Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine. . Accessed March 2024. 3 Cilta-cel or Standard Care in Lenalidomide-Refractory Multiple Myeloma. New England Journal of Medicine. . Accessed March 2024. 4 CARVYKTI® Prescribing Information. Horsham, PA: Janssen Biotech, Inc. 5 Rajkumar SV. Multiple myeloma: 2020 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(5):548-5672020;95(5):548-567. 6 National Cancer Institute. Plasma Cell Neoplasms. . Accessed March 2024. 7 City of Hope. Multiple Myeloma: Causes, Symptoms & Treatments. . Accessed March 2024. 8 American Cancer Society. Key Statistics About Multiple Myeloma. . Accessed March 2024. 9 SEER Explorer: An interactive website for SEER cancer statistics [Internet]. Surveillance Research Program, National Cancer Institute. . Accessed March 2024. 10 American Cancer Society. What is Multiple Myeloma? . Accessed March 2024. 11 American Cancer Society. Multiple Myeloma Early Detection, Diagnosis, and Staging. . Accessed March 2024. SOURCE Johnson & Johnson

MIT researchers say a noninvasive treatment could stimulate gamma frequency brain waves and potentially help treat chemo brain. In a study of mice, the researchers delivered daily exposure to light and sound with a frequency of 40 hertz. They found that this protected brain cells from chemotherapy-induced damage — also called chemo brain. The treatment also helped to prevent memory loss and the impairment of other cognitive functions. Originally developed as a way to treat Alzheimer’s disease, the team at MIT says this treatment could have more widespread effects capable of helping with a range of neurological disorders. “The treatment can reduce DNA damage, reduce inflammation, and increase the number of oligodendrocytes, which are the cells that produce myelin surrounding the axons,” Li-Huei Tsai, director of MIT’s Picower Institute for Learning and Memory and the Picower Professor in the MIT Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, said in a post on the MIT website. “We also found that this treatment improved learning and memory, and enhanced executive function in the animals.” Tsai serves as the senior author of the new study, which appeared in Science Translational Medicine. The paper’s lead author is TaeHyun Kim, an MIT postdoc. The mice studies run by Tsai and her team found that exposure to light flickering at 40 hertz or sounds with a pitch of 40 hertz and stimulate gamma waves in the brain. This produces protective effects, including the prevention of the rotation of amyloid beta plaques. Using light and sound together provides even more significant protection, MIT says. Phase 1 clinical trial results from humans with early-stage Alzheimer’s also found the treatment safe with some neurological and behavioral benefits. In the new study, the MIT team looked into whether the treatment could counteract the cognitive effects of chemotherapy treatment. Research showed that chemotherapy drugs can induce inflammation on the brain and other detrimental effects, like the loss of white matter. They also promote the loss of myelin, MIT says, and many of these effects are seen in Alzheimer’s. “Chemo brain caught our attention because it is extremely common, and there is quite a lot of research on what the brain is like following chemotherapy treatment,” Tsai said. “From our previous work, we know that this gamma sensory stimulation has anti-inflammatory effects, so we decided to use the chemo brain model to test whether sensory gamma stimulation can be beneficial.” The researchers used mice given cisplatin, a chemotherapy drug commonly used to treat testicular, ovarian, and other cancers, over five days. They then took the mice off the drug for five days, then put them on again for five days. One group received chemotherapy only, while another received 40-hertz light and sound therapy every day. After three weeks, mice that received cisplatin but not gamma therapy displayed many expected effects of chemotherapy. That included brain volume shrinkage, DNA damage, demyelination and inflammation. Those mice also had reduced populations of oligodendrocytes, the brain cells responsible for producing myelin. On the other hand, mice that received gamma therapy with cisplatin showed significant reductions in all of these symptoms. Gamma therapy also had beneficial effects on behavior, MIT says. Mice that received this therapy performed “much better” on tests designed to measure memory and executive function. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the researchers looked at the gene expression changes that occurred in mice that received the gamma treatment. They saw that, in those mice, inflammation-linked genes and genes that trigger cell death were suppressed. This proved especially true in oligodendrocytes. Mice that received gamma treatment with cisplatin still displayed some beneficial effects visible up to four months later. However, they found that the gamma treatment was much less effective when started three months after chemotherapy ended. They also saw that gamma treatment improved signs of chemo brain in mice that received methotrexate, a different chemotherapy drug. This drug often treats breast, lung and other kinds of cancer. Tsai’s lab now plans to test gamma treatment in mouse models of other neurological disease, including Parkinson’s and multiple sclerosis. Cognito Therapeutics, founded by Tsai and MIT Professor Edward Boyden, completed a Phase 2 trial of gamma therapy in Alzheimer’s patients and plans for a Phase 3 trial this year. “My lab’s major focus now, in terms of clinical application, is Alzheimer’s; but hopefully we can test this approach for a few other indications, too,” Tsai said.