SyMptomAtic Stricturing Small Bowel CRohn's Disease - Medical Treatment Versus Surgery, a Prospective, Multi-centre, Randomized, Non-inferiority Trial

The objective of the SMART trial is to compare a combination therapy using azathioprine and subcutaneous infliximab versus ileocecal resection in patients with symptomatic small bowel Crohn's disease.

Start Date01 Oct 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Nantes University Hospital

NCT07616154

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Sickle Cell Disease

The purpose of this study it to evaluate a reduced toxicity conditioning regimen for haploidentical donor HCT followed by a GVHD prophylaxis regimen comprising of post-transplant cyclophosphamide, sirolimus and abatacept with the goal to improve the GVHD-free rejection-free survival (GRFS) to greater than 90% after haploidentical donor HCT in children and young adults with SCD.
Primary Objective:
- To assess the GVHD-free and rejection free survival (GRFS) after haploidentical donor HCT in children and young adults with SCD.
Secondary Objectives:
* Assess the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) after haploidentical donor HCT for SCD.
* Estimate incidence and severity of acute and chronic GVHD after haploidentical donor HCT for SCD.
* Assess the neutrophil and platelet engraftment kinetics after haploidentical donor HCT for SCD.

Start Date01 Sep 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Inc.

NCT07352566

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Utilization of a Cutaneous Therapy In Situ Microdevice

This study is being done to test a microdevice, which is a small device designed to test drugs directly on skin conditions like atopic dermatitis (eczema) and psoriasis.
The small device, about the size of a grain of rice, has up to 20 tiny reservoirs that hold medications that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Very small amounts of these medications will be released into the skin (at levels in your body much lower than are typically used). In this study, the device will be tested to see if it's safe and works well for predicting how the skin will react to standard treatments. We will also look at how these reactions are connected to genetic information and overall treatment results.

Start Date01 Aug 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

The University of California, San Francisco

100 Clinical Results associated with Azathioprine

100 Translational Medicine associated with Azathioprine

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Azathioprine

20,725

Literatures (Medical) associated with Azathioprine

01 Sep 2026·JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Neuro-Behçet's disease: Clinical spectrum, management, and outcomes from an Indian cohort

Article

Author: Srivastava, Achal K ; Pandit, Awadh K ; Garg, Divyani ; Garg, Ajay ; Radhakrishnan, Divya M ; Agarwal, Ayush ; Gaikwad, Shailesh B ; Mohapatra, Prachi

BACKGROUND:

Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is a severe neurological manifestation of Behçet's disease. Data on NBD from South Asia remains limited. We describe the clinical spectrum, neuroimaging features, treatment, and outcomes of NBD in an Indian cohort.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective chart and neuroimaging review of NBD patients evaluated at a tertiary care referral centre in India between January 2021 and October 2025. Behçet's disease was classified using the International Criteria for Behçet's Disease, and NBD was categorized as probable or definite according to international consensus recommendations. Clinical features, neuroimaging findings, laboratory data, treatments, and functional outcomes (mRS and EDSS) were extracted. Movement disorders were systematically characterized.

RESULTS:

Twelve patients were included (all males; median age at neurological onset 29.0 years [IQR 25.0-39.8]). Neurological-onset disease occurred in 9 patients (75.0%). Ten patients (83.3%) had probable NBD, and two (16.7%) had definite NBD. Parenchymal disease predominated (9, 75%), with brainstem involvement in 9 patients (75%). Movement disorders were present in eight patients (66.7%), most commonly cerebellar ataxia, and were significantly associated with brainstem involvement (100% vs 25%; p = 0.018). Optic nerve involvement occurred in 7 patients (58.3%) [optic neuritis in 4 (33.3%), secondary optic neuropathy in 3 (25.0%), and one overlap]. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed inflammatory changes, with CSF-restricted oligoclonal bands detected in one patient (8.3%). During a median follow-up of 15 months (IQR 5-40), relapses occurred in 7 patients (58.3%), while clinical improvement was observed in 10 (83.3%). Intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange were used in 10 (83.3%) and 4 (33.3%) patients, respectively. Steroid-sparing immunosuppression (most commonly azathioprine, 75%) and biologic therapy (most commonly rituximab, 33.3%) were frequently required, with 7 patients (58.3%) requiring ≥1 agent during follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS:

NBD in this Indian cohort closely mirrored global disease patterns. Movement disorders, particularly ataxia, are frequent and strongly associated with brainstem involvement, highlighting an under-recognized dimension of parenchymal NBD.

01 Aug 2026·JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNOLOGY

Isolated oculomotor dysfunction with downbeat nystagmus as a rare presentation of anti-GAD autoimmunity

Article

Author: Zolin, A ; Zoccarato, M ; Poletto, E ; Porsio, A ; Montagnana, M ; Perini, P ; De Gaspari, P ; Musso, G ; Basile, A M ; Valeggia, S ; Comacchio, F ; Rossato, F ; D'Ascenzo, C

BACKGROUND:

Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) antibodies are associated with a range of autoimmune neurological syndromes, including cerebellar ataxia (CA). Ocular motor disturbances such as nystagmus and diplopia are frequently observed in CA but rarely are seen as isolated manifestation.

CASE PRESENTATION:

We describe the case of a 60-year-old woman who presented with oculomotor dysfunction consisting of persistent diplopia and vertical nystagmus, in the absence of any other neurological manifestation. Brain MRI and PET-CT scans were unremarkable. Videonystagmography documented downbeat nystagmus (DBN) unaffected by visual fixation. High concentrations of GAD antibodies in serum and CSF were found, along with the presence of oligoclonal bands. The patient underwent treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), which led to partial clinical improvement, and was subsequently started on long-term immunosuppressive therapy with azathioprine. Follow-up videonystagmography revealed subclinical recovery, including reduced nystagmus severity and restored fixation-mediated suppression, likely reflecting functional improvement of cerebellar vestibular circuits.

CONCLUSION:

This case illustrates an uncommon and highly localized presentation of GAD-related autoimmunity manifesting as isolated oculomotor dysfunction. It underscores the importance of considering GAD antibody testing in patients presenting with unexplained nystagmus and diplopia and supports the role of immunotherapy in achieving clinical improvement.

04 Jul 2026·SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY

Effect of monotherapy with conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs or glucocorticoids on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis: a network meta-analysis of 64 treatment arms from 31 randomized controlled trials

Review

Author: Jurik, AG ; Jürgens, G ; Guski, LS ; Pedder, H ; Andersn, SE ; Graudal, N

OBJECTIVE:

In a previous network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), we analysed the effects of 27 potential conventional synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), glucocorticoid (GC), and placebo in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using tender joint count as the primary outcome. The purpose of the present NMA was to investigate the relative effects of csDMARDs, GC, and placebo on radiographic joint destruction.

METHOD:

We identified 31 RCTs investigating 13 csDMARDs, GC, and placebo used in monotherapy, and used WinBUGS software to conduct an NMA, metaregressions, and subgroup analyses for possible confounders. The percentage annual radiographic progression rate (PARPR) was the primary outcome, while the standardized mean difference was used in a sensitivity analysis.

RESULTS:

Leflunomide, sulfasalazine, and injected gold were more favourable than placebo and neither more nor less favourable than methotrexate. Although the effect size was equivalent with methotrexate, GC was not statistically better than placebo with the PARPR method. Azathioprine was less favourable than methotrexate and the remaining drugs were either not different from placebo or insufficiently investigated for robust conclusions.

CONCLUSION:

Our study confirms that the present routine csDMARDs, methotrexate, leflunomide, and sulfasalazine, have inhibitory effects more favourable than placebo on joint destruction in RA.

168

News (Medical) associated with Azathioprine

01 Jul 2026

·www.biospace.com

Incyte Announces Positive CHMP Opinion for Opzelura® (ruxolitinib) Cream for the Treatment of Adults with Moderate Atopic Dermatitis

If approved, Opzelura ® (ruxolitinib) cream will be the first steroid-free, topical JAK treatment option in the European Union (EU) for adults with moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) for whom standard topical therapies have failed AD, the most common type of eczema which affects 230 million people globally, 1 is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory and highly pruritic (itchy) skin condition that can have a significant impact on daily life 2 Phase 3 TRuE‑AD4 data supporting the positive CHMP opinion demonstrated that ruxolitinib cream met both co‑primary endpoints at Week 8, maintained disease control with as-needed treatment through Week 24 and was well tolerated 3,4,5 MORGES, Switzerland--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- $INCY --Incyte (Nasdaq: INCY) today announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has issued a positive opinion recommending the approval of Opzelura ® (ruxolitinib) cream for the treatment of moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in adult patients for whom topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) are inadequate or inappropriate. “AD is a chronic skin condition that can have a significant impact on daily life. The positive CHMP opinion for Opzelura marks meaningful progress toward bringing the first non-steroidal topical JAK treatment option to adults in Europe with moderate AD for whom standard topical therapies have failed,” said Lee Heeson, Executive Vice President and Head of Incyte International. “If approved by the European Commission, Opzelura could help address an important gap for patients who have limited treatment options when TCSs and TCIs are inadequate or inappropriate.” The positive CHMP opinion is based on results from the pivotal Phase 3 TRuE-AD4 study ( NCT06238817 ), supported by the Phase 3 TRuE-AD1 ( NCT03745638 ) and TRuE-AD2 ( NCT03745651 ) studies, evaluating the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib cream in adults with AD. 4,6,7 In TRuE-AD4 , ruxolitinib cream significantly improved the clinical signs and symptoms of moderate AD, including itch, as early as Day 2 and was well tolerated in adults who had an inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to both TCSs and TCIs. 3 The TRuE‑AD4 study met its co‑primary endpoints at Week 8, with a statistically significantly higher proportion of patients on ruxolitinib cream versus vehicle cream achieving a ≥75% improvement from baseline in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI75), and, separately, Investigator’s Global Assessment Treatment Success (IGA‑TS, defined as an IGA score of 0 [clear] or 1 [almost clear] with at least a two-point improvement from baseline). 3 Efficacy was maintained following the initial treatment period with 84.3% of patients achieving EASI75 and 70.6% achieving IGA-TS with as needed therapy at Week 24. 5 Mean affected body surface area (BSA) decreased markedly from 15.1% at baseline to 2.5% at Week 8 and remained low at Week 24 (2.5%), while itch relief (NRS4; ≥4-point improvement in Itch Numeric Rating Scale) remained high (74.3% at Week 8 and 64.7% at Week 24) with ruxolitinib cream treatment. 3,5 Additionally, patients treated with ruxolitinib cream also showed improvements in quality of life, with mean Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores improving from 19.3 at baseline to 4.3 at Week 8, compared with 19.1 to 10.7 with vehicle cream (control). 3 Ruxolitinib cream was well tolerated, with no serious infections, major adverse cardiovascular events, malignancies or thromboses reported during the 24-week treatment period. 4 The most common treatment-emergent adverse events were upper respiratory tract infection (10.6%) and nasopharyngitis (6.3%). 3 “In clinical practice, many adults with moderate AD do not achieve the level of disease control they need, despite available topical therapies, and the impact on quality of life can be considerable,” said Dr. Andreas Wollenberg, Professor of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Augsburg, Germany. “The data supporting this positive CHMP opinion suggest that ruxolitinib cream may offer an effective new topical treatment option for appropriate adult patients in Europe and may help delay or prevent progression to systemic therapy, potentially helping to address an important gap for those who have struggled to achieve lasting relief.” AD, the most common type of eczema, is a chronic, recurring, inflammatory and highly pruritic skin condition that affects up to 4% of adults worldwide, with an estimated prevalence of 4.4-7.1% of adults in Europe.2, 8 , 9 , 10 Signs and symptoms include irritated and itchy skin that can cause red lesions that may ooze and crust. 2 The CHMP opinion is now being reviewed by the European Commission (EC), which has the authority to grant approval for all centrally authorized products in the European Union (EU). If approved, this would be the second indication for Opzelura in the EU, which was previously approved by the EC for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo with facial involvement in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age. About TRuE-AD4 TRuE-AD4 (NCT06238817) is a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled Phase 3b study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Opzelura ® (ruxolitinib) cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis (AD). The study enrolled 241 patients (≥18 years old) who met the specific inclusion criteria, including an IGA (Investigator's Global Assessment) score of 3 and an EASI (Eczema Area and Severity Index) score greater than 7 at both screening and Day 1, and who have AD on 10% to 20% of their Body Surface Area (BSA; excluding scalp). Patients also had to have a documented history of inadequate response, intolerance, or contraindication to topical corticosteroids (TCSs) and topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) within the 12 months prior to the screening visit. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive Opzelura applied twice daily (BID) or vehicle (non-medicated cream) BID. At Week 8, patients who achieved EASI50 continued double-blind, BID treatment, applied as needed for an additional 16 weeks. Patients for whom EASI50 was not achieved at two consecutive visits ≥1 week apart were eligible to enter the escape arm at Week 8 or later, in which open-label Opzelura cream was applied as needed. The co-primary endpoints of TRuE-AD4 were the proportion of patients achieving IGA Treatment Success (IGA-TS), defined as an IGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) with at least a two-point improvement from baseline, and EASI75, defined as ≥75% improvement in EASI score, at Week 8. Secondary endpoints included the proportion of patients with a ≥4-point improvement in NRS4 (≥4-point improvement in Itch Numeric Rating Scale) score at various time points. Other efficacy measures included the proportion of patients who achieved IGA-TS, NRS4, EASI75, a reduction from baseline in the affected body surface area (%BSA), change from baseline in the skin pain NRS score, EASI50 and more, measured at various time points. The study also tracked the frequency, duration and severity of adverse events associated with the use of Opzelura. For more information on the study, visit . About Opzelura ® (ruxolitinib) cream Opzelura (ruxolitinib) cream, a novel cream formulation of Incyte’s selective JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib, is approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for the topical treatment of nonsegmental vitiligo in patients 12 years of age and older, is the first and only treatment for repigmentation approved for use in the United States. Opzelura is also approved in the U.S. for the topical short-term and non-continuous chronic treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis (AD) in non-immunocompromised patients 2 years of age and older whose disease is not adequately controlled with topical prescription therapies, or when those therapies are not advisable. Use of Opzelura in combination with therapeutic biologics, other JAK inhibitors, or potent immunosuppressants, such as azathioprine or cyclosporine, is not recommended. In Europe, Opzelura ® (ruxolitinib) cream 15mg/g is approved for the treatment of non-segmental vitiligo with facial involvement in adults and adolescents from 12 years of age. Incyte has worldwide rights for the development and commercialization of Opzelura. Opzelura is a registered trademark of Incyte . For more information, see the Opzelura SmPC . About Incyte ® Incyte is redefining what’s possible in biopharmaceutical innovation. Through deep scientific expertise and a relentless focus on patients, we have built an established portfolio of first-in-class medicines and an extensive portfolio of next-generation medicines across our key franchises: Hematology, Oncology, and Inflammation & Autoimmunity. To learn more, visit Incyte.com and Investor.Incyte.com . Follow us on social media: LinkedIn , X and Instagram . Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and other federal securities laws, including statements regarding whether and when ruxolitinib cream might become a new treatment option for patients in the EU with moderate AD; ruxolitinib cream’s potential to delay or prevent progression to systemic therapy; and Incyte’s aspirations and goals as set forth under the heading “About Incyte.” Actual results may differ materially from those indicated in the forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including the sufficiency of clinical trial data to meet applicable regulatory standards or warrant continued development; the ability to enroll sufficient numbers of subjects in clinical trials and the ability to enroll subjects in accordance with planned schedules; actions of regulatory agencies, which may affect the initiation, timing and progress of clinical trials and marketing approval; the efficacy or safety of Incyte’s products; Incyte’s ability to achieve commercial success for its marketed products and product candidates, if approved; Incyte’s ability to obtain and maintain protection of intellectual property for its products and technology; Incyte’s reliance on third parties and partners; the acceptance of Incyte’s products in the marketplace; market competition, sales, marketing, manufacturing and distribution requirements; greater than expected expenses, including expenses relating to litigation or strategic activities; and those risks and uncertainties discussed in greater detail in Incyte’s reports filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, including its annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, and its quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2026. Incyte disclaims any intent or obligation to update these forward-looking statements. _____________________________ 1 Tiang J, Zhang, D Yang, Y, et al. Global epidemiology of atopic dermatitis: a comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study. Br J Dermatol. 2023 Dec 20;190(1):55-61. doi: 10.1093/bjd/ljad339 2 Global Atopic Dermatitis Atlas. Global report on atopic dermatitis 2022. Available at: . Accessed June 2026 3 Carrascosa JM, Prajapati VH, and Hong HC, et al. Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis: results from TRuE-AD4, a phase 3b, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study. Results presented at the International Symposium on Atopic Dermatitis (ISAD), Melbourne, Australia, 2025. Available at: . Accessed June 2026 4 ClinicalTrials.Gov. A study to evaluate the efficacy, and safety study of ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis (TRuE-AD4). Available at: . Accessed June 2026 5 Wollenberg A, Hong HC, Agius E, et al. Long-term disease control and safety with ruxolitinib cream in adults with moderate atopic dermatitis following failure of prior topical therapies: results from the TRuE-AD4 phase 3b study. Results presented at the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (EADV) Symposium, Athens, Greece, 2026. Accessed May 2026. Available at: . Accessed June 2026 6 ClinicalTrials.Gov. Topical ruxolitinib evaluation in atopic dermatitis study 1 (TRuE AD1) - an efficacy and safety study of ruxolitinib cream in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Available at: . Accessed June 2026 7 ClinicalTrials.Gov. TRuE AD2 - an efficacy and safety study of ruxolitinib cream in adolescents and adults with atopic dermatitis. Available at: . Accessed June 2026 8 Barbarot S, Auziere S, Gadkari A, et al. Epidemiology of atopic dermatitis in adults: Results from an international survey. Allergy . 2018;73(6):1284-1293. Link to source ( ) 9 Silverberg JI, Barbarot S, Gadkari A, et al. Atopic dermatitis in the pediatric population: A cross-sectional, international epidemiologic study. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol . 2021;126(4):417-428.e2. Link to source ( ) 10 Eckert L, Gupta S, Gadkari A, et al. Burden of illness in adults with atopic dermatitis: Analysis of national health and wellness survey data from France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2019;81(1):187-195. Link to source ( ) Contacts Incyte Contacts: Media media@incyte.com Investors ir@incyte.com

03 Jun 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

HkeyBio New Platform Launch: AIH, PBC, and IgAN Model Matrix Empowers "One Drug, Multiple Screens" in Autoimmune New Drug R&D

BOSTON and SUZHOU, China, June 3, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- HkeyBio announced today the launch of preclinical disease model platforms covering Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC), and IgA Nephropathy (IgAN). This platform integrates standardized rodent models with continuously developing non-human primate (NHP) research capabilities. It aims to support global innovative drug R&D institutions in conducting efficacy evaluation, mechanistic studies, biomarker development, and cross-species translational research. As the treatment field of autoimmune diseases continues to be a critical direction for global pharmaceutical innovation, R&D institutions are seeing an increasing demand for disease models with clinical relevance and translational predictive capabilities. Particularly in the fields of autoimmune liver diseases and immune-mediated nephropathies, disease heterogeneity, long-term disease courses, and complex immune mechanisms pose significant challenges to preclinical research. News Summary Launches standardized preclinical disease model platforms for AIH, PBC, and IgAN. Supports efficacy evaluation, mechanistic studies, and biomarker development. Builds a research system covering both rodents and non-human primates (NHP). Focuses on translational medicine research in the fields of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Supports the translation of innovative drugs from the drug discovery phase to the IND application phase. Global Autoimmune Disease R&D Enters the Era of Translational Efficiency Competition Over the past decade, global R&D in autoimmune diseases has continued to grow. In addition to the traditional TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 pathways, new mechanisms such as APRIL, BAFF, the complement system, FcRn, TYK2, and the reconstruction of immune tolerance are becoming R&D hotspots. An increasing number of R&D projects are beginning to adopt the "One Molecule, Multiple Indications" strategy. This covers diseases of multiple organ systems, including liver, kidney, intestinal, and skin tissues, through shared immune mechanisms. At the same time, industry research indicates that a significant translational gap still exists between preclinical research results and clinical benefits. How to improve the translational predictive capability of drug candidates is becoming a crucial subject in innovative drug R&D. In recent years, the FDA, EMA, and ICH have continuously encouraged the improvement of clinical predictive capabilities and R&D efficiency through biomarkers, pharmacologically relevant models, and translational research strategies. They encourage the development of research models that can better reflect human disease characteristics, thereby increasing drug R&D efficiency and clinical success rates. Management Perspective The management of HkeyBio stated: "As autoimmune disease drug R&D gradually shifts from single indications toward cross-organ immune mechanism research, the demand from R&D teams for high-translational-value disease models continues to rise. More and more innovative therapies are simultaneously focusing on the interactions among the liver, kidneys, intestines, and the systemic immune system. Traditional single-disease models can no longer fully satisfy the needs of complex mechanism research and clinical translation. We hope that by building a research platform covering both rodents and non-human primates, we can provide global partners with more clinically relevant efficacy evaluations and translational medicine support. This will help R&D teams identify the potential and risks of drug candidates earlier in the preclinical stage, improve R&D decision-making efficiency, and propel innovative therapies into clinical development more efficiently." AIH: The Continuously Growing Burden of Autoimmune Liver Disease Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic inflammatory liver disease caused by an imbalance in immune tolerance. A global systematic review published in The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatologyshows that the global prevalence of AIH is approximately 15.65 per 100,000 people, showing a continuous upward trend over the past decades. Although glucocorticoids combined with azathioprine remain the first-line treatment recommended by international guidelines, issues such as long-term relapse risks, drug toxicity, and insufficient response in some patients still persist. Currently, novel therapeutic strategies centered on B cell regulation, T cell immune tolerance reconstruction, and inflammatory pathway modulation are continuously advancing. PBC: Fibrosis Reversal Remains an Important R&D Direction Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic autoimmune liver disease. In recent years, innovative therapies such as PPAR agonists and FXR modulators have successively received regulatory approval, providing patients with new treatment options. However, disease progression, bile duct injury, liver fibrosis, and symptom control remain significant challenges in current drug R&D. IgA Nephropathy: The Era of Mechanism-Directed Therapy is Approaching IgA Nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most common primary glomerular diseases globally. The currently widely accepted "Multi-Hit Hypothesis" posits that the formation of galactose-deficient IgA1 (Gd-IgA1) and the deposition of its immune complexes constitute the core mechanism of disease onset and progression. Recently, sustained progress has been made in APRIL inhibitors, BAFF modulators, complement inhibitors, and intestinal mucosal immunomodulatory therapies. This has made IgAN one of the most active fields in global kidney disease R&D. Translational Challenges Faced by Preclinical Research Despite the continuous development of organoids, organs-on-chips, and AI-assisted R&D, animal models remain a crucial bridge connecting basic research and clinical development. AIH models face the problem of difficulty in stably reproducing chronic disease progression. PBC models still have limitations in simulating disease heterogeneity and fibrosis. IgAN models are impacted by the structural differences in IgA between humans and rodents. Therefore, establishing a disease model system that is stable, reproducible, and clinically relevant has become an important foundation for improving the efficiency of autoimmune drug R&D. HkeyBio Disease Model Platform In response to the above challenges, HkeyBio has established a standardized disease model system covering AIH, PBC, and IgAN. The platform focuses heavily on: Optimization of animal strain selection. Optimization of disease induction protocols. Establishment of pathological evaluation systems. Construction of biomarker systems. Standardization of experimental quality control. Conducting systematic research. Currently, the platform can support: Drug candidate screening. Pharmacodynamic evaluation. Mechanistic studies. Biomarker development. Dose exploration. Combination therapy research. Advancing the Construction of Non-Human Primate Research Capabilities In addition to the rodent platform, HkeyBio is continuously advancing the development of NHP research systems related to AIH, PBC, and IgAN. Because non-human primates share high similarity with humans in immune system composition, genomic structure, and pharmacokinetic profiles, they possess significant translational value in the development of innovative biologics. In the future, the relevant platforms are expected to support: PK/PD evaluation. Humanized antibody research. Biomarker monitoring. Immunogenicity evaluation. Clinical dose prediction. IND-enabling studies. Building a Translational Medicine Platform Covering Drug Discovery to IND Phase By integrating the rodent model platform with NHP research capabilities, HkeyBio is building a complete R&D chain spanning: Target Validation -> Candidate Molecule Screening -> Efficacy Evaluation -> Mechanistic Studies -> Biomarker Development -> Translational Research -> IND Support The company hopes that by improving the translational predictive capability of preclinical research, it can help partners optimize R&D decision-making, reduce development risks, and drive innovative therapies into the clinical phase more efficiently. About HkeyBio HkeyBio is a preclinical Contract Research Organization (CRO) focused on autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, dedicated to providing in vivo efficacy evaluation and translational medicine research services to global biotechnology companies, pharmaceutical enterprises, and research institutions. The company possesses capabilities encompassing rodent models, non-human primate research platforms, pharmacodynamic evaluations, biomarker analysis, and IND-enabling studies, continuously driving the translation of innovative drugs from basic research to clinical development stages. Media & Business Inquiry: Website: Email: [email protected] LinkedIn: HKEYBIO (禾开生物) References Hahn JW, Yang HR, Moon JS, et al. Global incidence and prevalence of autoimmune hepatitis, 1970–2022: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine. 2023;65:102280. Mack CL, Adams D, Assis DN, et al. Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Hepatology. 2020;72(2):671–722. European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL). EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines: Autoimmune hepatitis.Journal of Hepatology. 2015;63(4):971–1004. Lindor KD, Bowlus CL, Boyer J, et al. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: 2018 Practice Guidance.Hepatology. 2019;69(1):394–419. KDIGO Glomerular Diseases Work Group. KDIGO 2021 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Glomerular Diseases.Kidney International. 2021;100(4S):S1–S276. Suzuki H, Kiryluk K, Novak J, et al. The pathophysiology of IgA nephropathy.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2011;22(10):1795–1803. International Council for Harmonisation (ICH). ICH S6(R1): Preclinical Safety Evaluation of Biotechnology-Derived Pharmaceuticals. SOURCE HKeyBio 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

03 Jun 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

Johnson & Johnson late-breaking results show nipocalimab significantly reduced systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity in a Phase 2 study

Nipocalimab – the first and only neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blocker to be studied in systemic lupus erythematosus – is designed to target and reduce pathogenic immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies associated with this disease while preserving immune function Results demonstrated significant reduction of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity which continued beyond the 24-week primary endpoint, and were sustained through Week 52 in the nipocalimab 15 mg/kg groupa The ongoing Phase 3 study of nipocalimab is currently recruiting people living with systemic lupus erythematosus – a debilitating autoantibody-driven disease which can lead to systemic organ damage LONDON, June 3, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- Johnson & Johnson (NYSE: JNJ) today announced nipocalimab met the primary endpoint of decreasing disease activity at 24 weeks as measured by SLE Responder Index 4 (SRI-4)b and continued to demonstrate sustained reduction in disease activity in adults with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)a through 52 weeks in the Phase 2 JASMINE study as measured by both SRI-4b and Lupus Low Disease Activity State (LLDAS).c In addition, the study results showed greater response versus placebo plus background medicationd in participants who tested positive for lupus-associated autoantibodies, which represents the vast majority (~80%) of people living with SLE.e,1 These findings will be featured in a late-breaking presentation at the European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) 2026 Congress in London and are among the 38 abstracts the Company is presenting across its Rheumatology portfolio. Nipocalimab is designed to selectively block the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), reducing levels of circulating pathogenic immunoglobulin (IgG) autoantibodies and immune complexes associated with inflammation in SLE.2,3 By reducing circulating IgG, including autoantibodies, nipocalimab is designed to target the underlying cause of disease while preserving critical immune functions.4 JASMINE is the first clinical study to demonstrate efficacy of FcRn blockade in SLE and provides clinical, biomarker and pharmacodynamic evidence supporting the continued investigation of nipocalimab as a potential treatment option for this disease.5 A healthcare professional's perspective "The consistent improvements observed across established disease activity measures and reductions in pathogenic immunoglobulin G autoantibodies are encouraging and support the continued investigation of nipocalimab as a targeted treatment approach for people living with systemic lupus erythematosus," said Richard Furie, M.D., Chief of the Division of Rheumatology at Northwell.f "These 52-week findings support the potential of nipocalimab to provide disease control over time for a broad population of autoantibody-positive adult patients living with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus, a disease in which many patients experience ongoing disease activity and risk of irreversible organ damage." JASMINE Phase 2 clinical findings The Phase 2 JASMINE study is the first proof-of-concept for a FcRn-blocker in SLE and demonstrates the potential of nipocalimab to reduce disease activity, with greater responses observed in autoantibody-positive patients.1,5 The study met its primary endpoint at Week 24, with a greater proportion of patients receiving nipocalimab 15 mg/kg plus background medication achieving an SRI-4b response compared with placebo plus background medication (53.5% vs 46.7%). In a predefined autoantibody-positive patient populatione, greater SRI-4 response rates were observed (58.2% vs. 36.1%) and greater achievement of LLDAS (38.9% vs. 18.0%) compared with placebo plus background medication at Week 52. At Week 52, a key secondary endpoint, 53.6% of patients receiving nipocalimab 15 mg/kg achieved an SRI-4b response, compared with 39.7% for placebo plus background medication. More patients receiving nipocalimab 15 mg/kg also achieved LLDASc, a key exploratory endpoint that enables a treat-to-targetg approach, compared with placebo plus background medication (37.5% vs. 20.5%) at Week 52. Nipocalimab had a safety profile consistent with previous studies of nipocalimab and no new safety signals were identified. The most common adverse reactions in patients with SLE treated with nipocalimab (≥10%) were nasopharyngitis, headache, urinary tract infection and nausea.5 "The JASMINE results provide important new insights into the potential of nipocalimab for adults with moderate-to-severe systemic lupus erythematosus as we continue advancing this program," said Leonard L. Dragone, M.D., Ph.D., Disease Area Leader, Autoantibody and Rheumatology, Johnson & Johnson. "We are especially encouraged by the responses observed in autoantibody-positive study participants. These findings support the potential of nipocalimab as a targeted, immunoselective treatment designed to address underlying drivers of systemic lupus erythematosus." Nipocalimab received Fast Track Designation in SLE by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) earlier this year. The ongoing Phase 3 GARDENIA study is currently recruiting. Editor's Notes: a. Nipocalimab is not FDA-approved for SLE. b. The SRI-4 is a composite measure used to assess treatment response in patients with SLE during clinical studies. It comprises criteria from three different internationally validated indices, SELENA-SLE Disease Activity Index (SELENA-SLEDAI), Physician Global Assessment (PGA) and the British Isles Lupus Assessment Group (BILAG) 2004. c. LLDAS definition: (1) SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)-2K ≤4, with no activity in major organ systems (renal, central nervous system (CNS), cardiopulmonary, vasculitis, fever) and no hemolytic anemia or gastrointestinal activity; (2) no new lupus disease activity compared with the previous assessment; (3) a Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA)-SLEDAI physician global assessment (scale 0-3) ≤1; (4) a current prednisolone (or equivalent) dose ≤7.5 mg daily; and (5) well-tolerated standard maintenance doses of immunosuppressive drugs and approved biological agents. d. Protocol-permitted background medications include oral corticosteroids, antimalarials and no more than two of the following immunomodulatory drugs: azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, mycophenolic acid, oral methotrexate. e. The autoantibody-positive population was defined as participants who met ≥1 of the following during screening: (1) positive anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), (2) positive anti-Smith, (3) positive antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and positive for anti-Ro, anti-RNP or had a history of anti-dsDNA. f. Dr. Richard Furie has provided consulting, advisory and speaking services to Johnson & Johnson. He has not been paid for any media work. g. Treat-to-target in SLE is a therapeutic strategy in which treatment is guided by regular assessment of disease activity and adjusted to achieve a predefined target – primarily remission, or low disease activity if remission is not attainable – to improve long-term outcomes and prevent organ damage.6 ABOUT JASMINE JASMINE (NCT04882878) is a Phase 2, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study to evaluate nipocalimab in 228 adult participants with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Adults aged 18-65 years with moderate-to-severe SLE, defined by established measures of disease activity, who were positive for antinuclear antibodies (ANA), anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), and/or anti-Smith antibodies, and had not responded to at least one standard-of-care treatment were enrolled. Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive intravenous nipocalimab at 5 or 15 mg/kg, or placebo every 2 weeks through Week 52, in addition to protocol-permitted background medications. The primary endpoint was the SLE Responder Index-4 (SRI-4) composite response at Week 24. Pharmacodynamic effects and safety, including adverse events, were assessed through Week 58.5 ABOUT SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues.7,8 This can lead to inflammation and damage in many parts of the body, including the skin, joints, heart, lungs, kidneys and brain.3 SLE affects nine times more women than men, often striking initially between the ages of 15-44.9 In addition to systemic organ damage, other complications of SLE can include end-stage renal failure, scarring cutaneous lesions, neurological damage and various forms of cardiovascular disease.3 People living with SLE often face reduced health-related quality of life, due to severe fatigue, mood disturbances, joint pain, swelling and rashes, including the hallmark butterfly-shaped facial rash, as well as complications of long-term glucocorticoid use.10 Severe fatigue is the most widely reported and debilitating symptom of SLE, affecting up to 80% of people with SLE.11 SLE is the most common form of lupus, affecting 3 to 5 million people worldwide, approximately 70% of lupus cases.12,13 It is estimated that 450,000 people in the United States are affected by SLE.14 ABOUT NIPOCALIMAB Nipocalimab is an investigational immunoselective treatment designed to target, bind with high affinity, and block neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn), reducing circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that drive disease while also preserving key immune functions.2,3 Nipocalimab is being investigated across three key segments in the autoantibody space including Rheumatologic disease, Rare Autoantibody diseases and Maternal Fetal diseases mediated by maternal alloantibodies in which blockade of IgG binding to FcRn in the placenta is also believed to limit transplacental transfer of maternal alloantibodies to the fetus. 5,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23 The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have granted several key designations to nipocalimab including:  EU EMA Orphan medicinal product designation for hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN) in October 2019 and fetal and neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FNAIT) in April 2025 U.S. FDA Fast Track designation in HDFN and warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (wAIHA) in July 2019, generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) in December 2021, FNAIT in March 2024, Sjögren's disease (SjD) in March 2025 and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in January 2026 U.S. FDA Orphan drug status for wAIHA in December 2019, HDFN in June 2020, gMG in February 2021, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) in October 2021 and FNAIT in December 2023 U.S. FDA Breakthrough Therapy designation for HDFN in February 2024 and for SjD in November 2024 U.S. FDA granted Priority Review in gMG in Q4 2024 and in wAIHA in Q2 2026 ABOUT JOHNSON & JOHNSON At Johnson & Johnson, we believe health is everything. Our strength in healthcare innovation empowers us to build a world where complex diseases are prevented, treated and cured, where treatments are smarter and less invasive, and solutions are personal. Through our expertise in Innovative Medicine and MedTech, we are uniquely positioned to innovate across the full spectrum of healthcare solutions today to deliver the breakthroughs of tomorrow and profoundly impact health for humanity. Learn more at  or at . Follow us at @JNJInnovMed.  Janssen Biotech, Inc. is a Johnson & Johnson company.  Cautions Concerning Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 regarding product development and the potential benefits and treatment impact of nipocalimab. The reader is cautioned not to rely on these forward-looking statements. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or known or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from the expectations and projections of Johnson & Johnson. Risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: challenges and uncertainties inherent in product research and development, including the uncertainty of clinical success and of obtaining regulatory approvals; uncertainty of commercial success; manufacturing difficulties and delays; competition, including technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges to patents; product efficacy or safety concerns resulting in product recalls or regulatory action; changes in behavior and spending patterns of purchasers of health care products and services; changes to applicable laws and regulations, including global health care reforms; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and descriptions of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Johnson & Johnson's most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, including in the sections captioned "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" and "Item 1A. Risk Factors," and in Johnson & Johnson's subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Copies of these filings are available online at , or on request from Johnson & Johnson. Johnson & Johnson does not undertake to update any forward-looking statement as a result of new information or future events or developments. 1 Richard A Furie, Ronald van Vollenhoven, Rafał Wojciechowski, Eric Morand, Guillermo J. Pons-Estel, George A Karpouzas, Bart van Hartingsveldt, Robert W Hoffman, Terence Rooney, Sheng Gao, Robert Gordon, Kim Hung Lo, Jocelyn H. Leu, Federico Zazzetti, Stanley J. Marciniak, Steven Leonardo, Keying Ma, Kathy Sivils, Leonard Dragone, Loqmane Seridi, Linda Okonkwo, Erika Noss, Fang Liu-Walsh, Michelle Petri. Nipocalimab in SLE: First-in-class efficacy and safety results demonstrating proof of concept for FcRn blockade from the Phase 2 JASMINE-SLE study. Presented at the 2026 European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (EULAR) Congress. 2 Ling LE., et al. M281, an anti–fcrn antibody: Pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and safety across the full range of IGG reduction in a first–in–human study. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics., 2018;105;4:1031–1039. Available at: . 3 National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disease. (2022) Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (Lupus). . Last accessed: April 2026. 4 Cossu M et al. A randomized, open-label study on the effect of nipocalimab vaccine response in healthy participants. Presentation at American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM) Annual Meeting. October 2024. 5 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04882878. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026 6 Bracalenti M, Iaccarino L, Doria A. Remission and low disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Rare Dis Orphan Drugs J. 2025;4:28. 7 Lupus Foundation of America. Understanding Lupus . Last accessed: June 2026. 8 Kawka L, et al. Fatigue in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Its Impact, Determinants and Therapeutic Management. J Clin Med. 2021 Sep 3;10(17):3996. doi: 10.3390/jcm10173996. PMID: 34501444; PMCID: PMC8432566. 9 Guéry JC. Why Is Systemic Lupus Erythematosus More Common in Women? Joint Bone Spine. 2019 May;86(3):297-299. doi: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2018.12.004. Epub 2018 Dec 22. PMID: 30584922. 10 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024). Symptoms of lupus. . Last accessed: June 2026. 11 Lupus Foundation of America. Understanding the Invisible Impact of Lupus. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 12 Tian, J., Zhang, D., Yao, X., Huang, Y., & Lu, Q. (2023). Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus: A comprehensive systematic analysis and modelling study. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 82(3), 351–356. 13 Lupus Foundation of America. Lupus facts and statistics. . Last accessed: June 2026. 14 Wang, Y., Hester, L. L., Lofland, J., Rose, S., Karyekar, C.S., Kern, D.M., Blacketer, M., Davis, K., & Sheilds-Tuttle, K. (2022). Update on the prevalence of diagnosed systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by major health insurance types in the US in 2016. BMC Research Notes, 15, 5. 15 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04951622. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 16 ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT03842189. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 17 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05327114. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 18 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04119050. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 19 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05379634. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 20 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05912517. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 21 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04968912. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 22 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06449651. Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. 23 ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06533098 Available at: . Last accessed: June 2026. SOURCE Johnson & Johnson 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

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100 Deals associated with Azathioprine

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00238	Azathioprine	L04AX01	DB00993

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Behcet Syndrome	European Union	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Behcet Syndrome	Iceland	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Behcet Syndrome	Liechtenstein	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Behcet Syndrome	Norway	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	European Union	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	Iceland	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	Liechtenstein	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura	Norway	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	European Union	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	Iceland	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	Liechtenstein	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	Norway	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Multiple sclerosis relapse	European Union	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Multiple sclerosis relapse	Iceland	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Multiple sclerosis relapse	Liechtenstein	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Multiple sclerosis relapse	Norway	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Myasthenia Gravis	European Union	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Myasthenia Gravis	Iceland	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Myasthenia Gravis	Liechtenstein	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021
Myasthenia Gravis	Norway	Lipomed AG	21 Jun 2021

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


EULAR2026	Not Applicable	Giant Cell Arteritis	47	Secukinumab	tulrxwkglc(cwdkfwfjvd) = uuitosinht lwzhsndyfy (mwiwdzljpu ) View more	Positive	11 Jun 2026
				Jak inhibitors	oaymhpacjz(nqmaebwsro) = pjfqubtwet wxkoooronz (pocqnhgyuj ) View more
EULAR2026	Not Applicable	Interstitial lung disease due to systemic disease	191	immunosuppressive therapy	ygkobscafa(qwisulwjde) = ozgqqlyblg fgfilkqqcu (fbkkxakhyl ) View more	Positive	11 Jun 2026
EULAR2026	Not Applicable	Sarcoidosis	179	Systemic glucocorticoids	jxbpufyceq(xxozswmvhu) = Anti-TNF therapy was used in 10 patients (5.6%) (infliximab n=5, 2.8%; adalimumab n=5, 2.8%). Tofacitinib was used in 1 patient (0.6%). sxjuqfpsry (gcpkydduxm ) View more	Positive	11 Jun 2026
ECCO2026	Not Applicable	Inflammatory Bowel Diseases	1,764	Ustekinumab monotherapy	saewxwsvnc(usmrygsquc) = xogzrhxyvh jyhihtorpc (zjehhcxxha ) View more	Negative	18 Feb 2026
				Ustekinumab + azathioprine therapy	saewxwsvnc(usmrygsquc) = ynvxzwyewd jyhihtorpc (zjehhcxxha ) View more
ASH2025	Not Applicable	Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic First line	103	Dexamethasone and Eltrombopag (DE)	achfrabswg(xbviasvkcg) = utmrphvtzd pdqjonfpti (ecfcsmmnnx ) View more	Positive	06 Dec 2025
				Dexamethasone, Eltrombopag and Azathioprine (DEA)	achfrabswg(xbviasvkcg) = oruykuypsh pdqjonfpti (ecfcsmmnnx ) View more
ACR2025	Not Applicable	Systemic Lupus Erythematosus	150	Azathioprine	hdztooohpx(lgrmroztfq) = vqorsrwwct vmmkphwcrg (qyfpkdiqlq ) View more	Positive	24 Oct 2025
ACR2025	Not Applicable	Lupus Nephritis	2,052	Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)	klxbalcgcb(jlgbyxxjho) = srccyadlyc mouugbvsuy (nnavdnswzw )	Positive	24 Oct 2025
				Azathioprine (AZA)	klxbalcgcb(jlgbyxxjho) = fgxjjviytc mouugbvsuy (nnavdnswzw )
EURETINA2025	Not Applicable	Uveomeningoencephalitic Syndrome	8	High-dose intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral corticosteroids and steroid-sparing immunosuppressants (mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine, or cyclosporine). In refractory cases, biologic therapy (adalimumab)	nwawomuols(cedbmwbyjr) = One patient, initially treated elsewhere, had a flare due to non-adherence to adalimumab digzuiches (asdrmcvkrf ) View more	Positive	04 Sep 2025
NCT06476366 (CTgov)	Early Phase 1	Dermatitis	50	Methotrexate (Methotrexate Arm)	objjrvoncd = tdlyurzrva xciqhzbtig (mqakhbtpck, jjcczrfkkg - xnrrdagbld) View more	-	17 Aug 2025
				Azathioprine (Azathioprine)	objjrvoncd = rlnnwggdra xciqhzbtig (mqakhbtpck, qbdvqqtjad - prgsufspqb) View more
ARVO2025	Not Applicable	Scleritis	388	systemic steroids	ywsfnnkkuo(bphcwboqik) = gulxbsasse didkmcfgoh (lrjmrahhjg ) View more	Positive	04 May 2025

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