Delving into the Latest Updates on Sodium Chloride with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummarySodium Chloride, a small molecule drug, has been in use for over four decades and was approved for use in February 1972. Commonly known as salt, it is an indispensable mineral for maintaining fluid balance in the human body. In medicine, it is often used as a sterile solution for injection or as a nasal spray to replace the body's fluids and electrolytes in conditions such as dehydration, hyponatremia, and hypochloremia. It also serves as a diluent or solvent for other intravenous drugs. Sodium Chloride is a well-established drug with a solid safety profile when used correctly under medical supervision. Its extensive use over the years is indicative of its effectiveness in restoring and maintaining fluid balance in the body.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

0.9％塩化ナトリウム注射液, Isotonic Sodium Chloride Solution, 等張塩化ナトリウム注射液

+ [11]

Target-

Action-

Mechanism

Sodium supplements

Therapeutic Areas

Endocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseOther Diseases

Active Indication

Contrast agentsDietary SupplementDehydration+ [1]

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Baxter Healthcare Corp.

Active Organization

SB-Kawasumi Laboratories, Inc.

B. Braun Medical, Inc.

Hospira, Inc.

+ [5]

Inactive Organization

Pfizer Inc.

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (09 Dec 1970),

Water-Electrolyte Imbalance

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaClNa

InChIKeyFAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M

CAS Registry7647-14-5

The current study probes the involvement of the opioid system in placebo effects on social pain, using the opioid antagonist naloxone. 60 participants who recently experienced an unwanted breakup will experience rejection-related stimuli and receive painful heat and pressure stimuli during fMRI scanning. Participants will be randomized to receive either a naloxone or saline nasal spray, and be informed that the spray is either saline, or an effective pain and negative emotion reducing agent.

Start Date01 Sep 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Trustees of Dartmouth College

NCT07385287

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2

Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Assess Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy Against Naturally Transmitted Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria of One and Two Dose Regimens of a Late Liver Stage-arresting, Replication-competent Plasmodium Falciparum Sporozoite Vaccine (Sanaria® PfSPZ-LARC2 Vaccine) in Healthy Malaria-Exposed Adults in Burkina Faso

This is a phase 2 clinical trial of a Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) late liver stage-arresting replication-competent (LARC) sporozoite (SPZ) vaccine (Sanaria® PfSPZ-LARC2 Vaccine) that will assess field efficacy in Africa.
The PfSPZ comprising PfSPZ-LARC2 Vaccine contain a double deletion of the genes encoding the Mei2 and LINUP proteins, both of which are required for transition from liver to blood stage malaria. As a result, mei2-/linup- parasites undergo developmental arrest in the late liver stages without releasing merozoites into the blood stream. No blood stage parasites are produced, either asexual or sexual, and the parasite life cycle does not progress. Because Pf parasites with the LARC phenotype replicate in the liver before disintegrating, they amplify and diversify parasite protein expression and are expected to be a potent immunogen to induce anti-malarial immunity, equaling or exceeding the potency and efficacy of the replication-competent chemo-attenuated Sanaria® PfSPZ-CVac (chloroquine) vaccine approach. Because the parasites are intrinsically attenuated, they are expected to be safe and well tolerated, similar to radiation-attenuated Sanaria® PfSPZ Vaccine, to the replication deficient, early arresting PfSPZ-GA1 Vaccine, and to the single-gene(mei2)-deleted GA2 (LARC1) parasites tested at the Leiden University Medical Center that provided 90% protection against CHMI after a single dose.
The active treatments to be assessed for efficacy are one immunization of 6.0x10^5 PfSPZ or two immunizations with 4.0x10^5 PfSPZ of PfSPZ-LARC2 Vaccine four weeks apart, timed so that the immunization of the one dose regimen coincides with the second immunization of the two dose regimen.
The alternative treatment is immunization with normal saline (placebo group), which is indistinguishable from the test article.
The primary variable of interest is whether and when trial participants develop Pf malaria parasitemia during surveillance. Malaria parasitemia will be detected by thick blood smear (TBS), which will be performed every two weeks starting two weeks after the second vaccination (to allow time for the vaccine to work) and extending to week 26 after the second vaccination (24-week surveillance period). Surveillance will continue for 40 weeks but the primary outcome will be determined at 24 weeks of surveillance so the data are comparable to other studies of PfSPZ vaccines.

Start Date04 Apr 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Sanaria, Inc.

[+4]

NCT07267897

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

The Effect of Preoperative Nebulized Lidocaine and Nebulized 3% NaCl Premedication on Postoperative Respiratory Complications in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Adenoidectomy and/or Adenotonsillectomy Surgery

This prospective, randomized clinical trial aims to evaluate the effect of preoperative nebulized lidocaine and nebulized 3% hypertonic sodium chloride (NaCl) on the incidence of postoperative respiratory complications in pediatric patients undergoing adenoidectomy and/or adenotonsillectomy. Lidocaine, a versatile sodium channel blocker, has shown antitussive, bronchodilatory, and anti-inflammatory benefits when nebulized, and has been safely used in children for respiratory procedures. Hypertonic 3% NaCl is known to improve mucociliary clearance, reduce airway edema, and enhance secretion mobilization, particularly in pediatric respiratory conditions. Both agents have demonstrated individual safety and efficacy in respiratory management, yet their preoperative nebulized use for preventing postoperative respiratory adverse events (PRAEs) in pediatric airway surgery has not been previously studied. This trial seeks to determine whether preoperative nebulization with these agents can reduce postoperative respiratory complications, improve recovery, and enhance perioperative safety in this high-risk population.

Start Date15 Mar 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Sakarya University of Applied Sciences

100 Clinical Results associated with Sodium Chloride

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Sodium Chloride

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Sodium Chloride

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169,114

Literatures (Medical) associated with Sodium Chloride

31 Dec 2026·NUMERICAL HEAT TRANSFER PART A-APPLICATIONS

Analytical study of triple diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer using Ginzburg-Landau model

Author: Keerthana, S. ; Siddheshwar, P. G. ; Tarannum, Sameena

In this paper, considering bi-viscous Bingham as the base fluid, we study the thermophys.-properties (such as d., sp. heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal expansion) with different combinations of salts among NaCl, KCl, CaCl₂, and NaCl₂ of triple diffusive convection in a bi-viscous Bingham fluid layer with heat as one of the diffusing components.A weakly non-linear case is formulated to facilitate a solution to the problem using a series solution Ginzburg-Landau model.With regard to single, double, and triple diffusive convection, the tables are made to record the actual values of thermophys.-properties together with the critical Rayleigh-number for each combination of aqueous-salt solutionsThis computation calculates the mean Nusselt and Sherwood numbers to quantify the system's heat- and mass-transfers for various aqueous-solutionsThe effect of the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, for small and large values, for different aqueous-solutions, in single, double, and triple diffusive convection has been captured via 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) figures and the results are recorded and compared.The investigation reveals that the heat- and mass-transfers increase with an increase or decrease in the bi-viscous Bingham fluid parameter, which in turn depends on the values of RS1 and RS2.The results confirm that the heat- and mass-transfers are least for the combination of KCl with CaCl₂ and maximum for the combination of NaCl with other salts.

15 Jun 2026·Kompleksnoe Ispolzovanie Mineralnogo Syra

Potash Ore Processing: Technology Research and Physicochemical Properties

Author: Urazkeldiyeva, D. A. ; Koshkarbayeva, Sh. T. ; Kadirbayeva, A. A.

The Republic of Kazakhstan is endowed with a distinctive endowment of potash ores, concentrated in the West Kazakhstan and Aktobe regions. These reserves are regarded as one of the largest in the world. The proven reserves are estimated at approximately 6 billion tons and are distributed across four major deposits: These are the Zhilyanskoye, Satimola, Inderskoye and Chelkar deposits. The article provides a concise overview of the major potassium salt deposits and the chemical composition of the associated minerals. Notwithstanding the existence of these deposits, the production of potash salts in the country, for which there is an ever-increasing demand, is yet to be established, resulting in a high level of demand. In light of this, it is imperative to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the mineralogical and chemical composition of these promising potash ores, with a view to identifying viable methods for processing natural salt systems into products that meet the high demand both within the domestic fertiliser and salt market and abroad. The Satimola deposit represents one of the largest silvinite basins yet to be sufficiently studied, and its industrial development has yet to commence. The analysis of raw materials and products was conducted using a combination of spectral microscopy, X-ray analysis, and differential thermal analysis. A comprehensive study of the composition of the silvinite ore from the Satimola deposit has been conducted. The elemental composition and the ratio of potassium and sodium salts in the mineral were established. The ore was found to have a heterogeneous composition, with sodium chloride representing the dominant component.

01 Apr 2026·VETERINARY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS

Emergence of Fusarium oxysporum infection in farmed Labeo rohita: Isolation, growth requirements, antifungal response, and pathogenic potential

Article

Author: Dekari, Debojit ; Chouhan, Nayan ; Shah, Tarang Kumar ; Saha, Himadri ; Mohapatra, Subhransu

Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated from a naturally infected captive-reared Labeo rohita in Tripura, India. The infected fish exhibited clinical signs of fungal growth with haemorrhage on the ventral body surface and erosion of the caudal fin. Morphological identification of fungal colony, including microscopic observation of 5-day-old culture, revealed the presence of multi-septate macroconidia and one-septate microconidia. Growth requirement study revealed that the fungus grew best at 30 °C and pH 6.0. In vitro studies revealed that the isolate produced extracellular enzymes such as caseinase, lipase, starch hydrolase and DNase, which contributed to its pathogenicity. The partial 18 S gene sequence was assigned NCBI accession number PQ013739.1 and confirmed its identity as F. oxysporum. Pathogenicity test by intraperitoneal injection of fungal spore suspension in healthy L. rohita fingerlings with fungal growth at the site of injection; LD₅₀ value obtained by probit analysis was 4.85 × 10⁷ spores/ml. Antifungal susceptibility testing indicated that none of amphotericin B, ketoconazole, itraconazole, clotrimazole, and nystatin produced zones of inhibition against the fungal isolate. In contrast, the fungus exhibited sensitivity to sodium chloride and copper sulfate, with reduced radial growth at salinity levels exceeding 0.5% and CuSO₄ concentrations above 25 ppm. Our findings confirm that the F. oxysporum strain is virulent to L. rohita, and highlights the potential utility of salinity and copper sulfate-based management strategies for control of this fungus in aquaculture.

10

News (Medical) associated with Sodium Chloride

05 Dec 2025

·www.prnewswire.com

B. Braun Medical Inc. Launches Piperacillin and Tazobactam for Injection and Sodium Chloride Injection in the DUPLEX® Drug Delivery System

BETHLEHEM, Pa., Dec. 5, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- B. Braun Medical Inc. (B. Braun), a leader in smart infusion therapy and pain management, recently launched Piperacillin and Tazobactam, one of the most utilized injectable antibiotics in the U.S.,1 for use in the Company's DUPLEX® Drug Delivery System. Piperacillin and Tazobactam for Injection and Sodium Chloride Injection is available in three strengths—2.25 g/50 mL, 3.375 g/50 mL and 4.5 g/100 mL. This launch follows B. Braun's recent Nurse Approved Certification for Piperacillin and Tazobactam in the DUPLEX Drug Delivery System, along with its full IV solutions portfolio and plastic irrigation containers. The certification underscores the company's commitment to usability, workflow and alignment with nursing practice needs. Piperacillin and Tazobactam in the DUPLEX Drug Delivery System is a ready-to-activate, two-compartment container—not made with DEHP or PVC—that keeps pre-measured medication and diluent separate until the provider is ready to administer at the bedside by simply folding, squeezing and shaking to reconstitute. This system reduces overall process time by nearly four minutes per dose and shows substantial labor time savings compared to both the Baxter Mini-Bag Plus Container System and traditional compounding, offering healthcare professionals a new and efficient way to administer this critical antibiotic combination.2 DUPLEX is also designed to reduce contamination risks and medication errors. The closed-system design helps protect potency and ensures the diluent cannot be delivered without the drug. Furthermore, DUPLEX decreases the likelihood of medication errors by 54% compared to traditional compounding methods based on fewer process steps.2 DUPLEX requires no thawing and can be stored at room temperature or in automated dispensing cabinets. "The launch of Piperacillin and Tazobactam in the DUPLEX® Drug Delivery System reinforces B. Braun's commitment to supporting healthcare professionals with ready-to-activate antibiotic options," said Ellen Menard, Corporate Vice President, Marketing Pharma at B. Braun Medical. "This product is designed to help reduce waste, save space and streamline preparation and administration—key advantages for busy pharmacy and nursing teams administering high-demand antibiotics." Piperacillin and Tazobactam in the DUPLEX Drug Delivery System is one of many planned injectable drugs B. Braun will launch in the U.S. in the next several years to expand its portfolio and help meet the needs of patients for medications in high demand. For additional information, please visit The DUPLEX Drug Delivery System. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION3 Indication and usage: Piperacillin and Tazobactam for Injection and Sodium Chloride Injection is a combination of piperacillin, a penicillin-class antibacterial, and tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. This product is indicated for intra-abdominal infections, nosocomial pneumonia, skin and skin structure injections, female pelvic infections and community-acquired pneumonia. Contraindications: Patients with a history of allergic reactions to any of the penicillins, cephalosporins or beta-lactamase inhibitors. About B. Braun B. Braun Medical Inc. (B. Braun) is a leader in smart infusion therapy and safe and effective pharmacy products, patient and provider safety, and sustainable health solutions. Our purpose is to help providers constantly improve patient satisfaction and outcomes. With products and services created to help healthcare professionals focus on what matters most—their patients—we're uniquely positioned to help health systems succeed now and in the future. B. Braun is headquartered in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania and is part of the B. Braun Group of Companies in the U.S., which includes B. Braun Interventional Systems, Aesculap ® and CAPS ®. The company employs 8,500 people at over 30 locations across North America. Globally, the B. Braun Group of Companies employs more than 64,000 employees in 64 countries. Guided by its Sharing Expertise ® philosophy, B. Braun continuously exchanges knowledge with customers, partners and clinicians to address the critical issues of improving care and lowering costs. To learn more about B. Braun Medical, explore our website. References: IQVIA Q4 All Injectables B. Braun Data on File B. Braun Medical Inc. Piperacillin and Tazobactam for Injection and Sodium Chloride Injection. Package Insert 2025. SOURCE B. Braun Medical Inc. 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

Qualified Infectious Disease Product

14 Aug 2025

·www.drugs.com

FDA Announces Resolution of IV Saline Solutions Shortage

WEDNESDAY, Aug. 13, 2025 -- The nationwide shortage of sodium chloride 0.9 percent intravenous (IV) saline has officially ended, according to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Commissioner Marty Makary, M.D., M.P.H., stated that the shortage has ended due to the combined efforts of the FDA, Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, and industry partners. The teams worked together to quickly boost manufacturing and stabilize the supply chain by enabling temporary IV solution imports, expediting manufacturing reviews, and extending product expiry dates. The sodium chloride 0.9 percent injection shortage is resolved, and it will be removed from the FDA Drug Shortage Database; facilities are advised to use FDA-approved products when available. The FDA is continuing efforts with manufacturers to address other IV fluid shortages and is prioritizing reliable medical product availability. "The FDA remains focused on doing all we can to help mitigate shortages and prevent them from occurring," Makary said in a statement. "We will continue working diligently to monitor supply levels, anticipate potential disruptions, and support a robust, secure, and transparent supply chain for medical products." More Information

13 Jan 2025

·www.drugs.com

Fecal Microbiota Transplant Beneficial in T1DM With Bowel Symptoms

MONDAY, Jan. 13, 2025 -- For patients with type 1 diabetes with moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal symptoms, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe and improves clinical outcomes, according to a study published in the January issue of eClinicalMedicine . Katrine Lundby Høyer, from Aarhus University in Denmark, and colleagues conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial involving adults with type 1 diabetes and moderate-to-severe gastrointestinal symptoms. Twenty patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 capsules of encapsulated FMT, containing 50 mg of feces, administered in a single dose, or placebo capsules containing glycerol, saline, and food coloring. All patients received a second intervention of FMT. The researchers observed no difference between the groups in adverse events, with four patients in the FMT group reporting seven adverse events and five patients in the placebo group reporting 19. Diarrhea, bloating, and abdominal pain were the most frequent adverse events. The median Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale-Irritable Bowel Syndrome score was reduced from 58 to 35 among patients who received FMT and from 64 to 56 among patients receiving placebo. There was improvement in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Impact Scale score, from 108 to 140 with FMT and from 77 to 92 with placebo. There was a decline in the Patient Assessment of Gastrointestinal Symptom Severity Index from a median of 42 to 25 and from 47 to 41 after FMT and placebo, respectively. "To our knowledge, this study represents the most promising clinical effect of FMT beyond its established efficacy in treating Clostridium difficile infection," the authors write. Several authors disclosed ties to the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. Abstract/Full Text Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Clinical ResultMicrobial therapyPhase 3

100 Deals associated with Sodium Chloride

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Sodium Chloride	A12CA01	DB09153

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Contrast agents	United States	Liebel-Flarsheim Co. LLC	27 Jul 2006
Dietary Supplement	United States	Hospira, Inc.	20 Jul 1984
Dehydration	China	Tianjin Jinyao Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Jan 1981
Water-Electrolyte Imbalance	United States	Baxter Healthcare Corp.	09 Dec 1970

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT05143489 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain	3	Preservative Free Lidocaine (Preservative Free Lidocaine Group)	zhwfngsbxb(gwzphuflob) = wjuugmmjnp ozjedorucl (zpiufgsnwo, 0) View more	-	18 May 2025
				Saline (Placebo Group)	zhwfngsbxb(gwzphuflob) = ioxiyfhvuq ozjedorucl (zpiufgsnwo, 0) View more
NCT05993078 (NS-STAR, CTgov)	Phase 2	Brain Infarction	241	0.9% NaCl 2000ml (NS Group)	lggcafehnv = jftefauhbz bfqqfpyigh (cvelvjjtyf, yfetcwnygl - jddidiadyx) View more	-	12 Mar 2025
				NaCl (Control Group)	lggcafehnv = wgxuspbkhr bfqqfpyigh (cvelvjjtyf, ieixodztnz - qeeowgovil) View more
NCT04440176 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Meningococcal Infections	309	MenABCWY vaccine (Group 1 (MenABCWY 0- and 12-Month Schedule))	buxprmadvg = fthmnfwwdg lvefsekykf (kgfkgkvkwr, kcjrqrlqrj - aiacazpcaf) View more	-	08 Jan 2025
				placebo+MenABCWY vaccine (Group 2 (MenABCWY 0- and 36-Month Schedule))	wdloijsboh = irisigvdzu iluymcluhp (vxhrcvryir, iyvmipkbri - vztdaxfvah) View more
NCT03158532 (Patens, CTgov)	Phase 3	Occlusion of artery	2,040	Placebo I (Placebo I/Placebo II)	fcufcnsirr = fcfpkdkixw noiqawqzwe (gwowecgjom, izfjwdrlwf - xzndknmzml) View more	-	09 Dec 2024
				Placebo II+Nitroglycerin I (Nitroglycerin I/Placebo II)	fcufcnsirr = ywnfbioykh noiqawqzwe (gwowecgjom, iurjmzttnr - knvvcisvyi) View more
NCT02889133 (DIDS, CTgov)	Not Applicable	Iron deficiency	79	24-hour PTR+Iron-dextran+Saline (Iron Repletion)	zfgjshuwys(nwkuueidkr) = cdyouatled lbrtrqgcik (vmlqnlrtdh, qurimxypaw - enbmfapbsc) View more	-	12 Jun 2024
				24-hour PTR+Iron-dextran+Saline (Placebo)	zfgjshuwys(nwkuueidkr) = gorbgojerd lbrtrqgcik (vmlqnlrtdh, rlzakeubxc - bgnzhmwkie) View more
NCT05210504 (CTgov)	Phase 1	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	23	L-Lysine+Normal Saline	ixqlcjhoyt(bpwxhccqrs) = skvvsakrur okryprgtxh (zceadnuwuf, 0.611) View more	-	05 Jun 2024
NCT05402995 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Tibial Fractures \| Infectious Diseases	6	Saline (Standard Operative Debridement and Spanning External Fixator (Reference/Control Group))	kznchbztzv = uwknaojsou haywyxpvsv (jeeoohlcfk, kkjjnmhapp - scyelfcavz) View more	-	24 Apr 2024
				Irrisept (Irrigation Solution) (Spanning External Fixator With Irrisept Irrigation (Treatment Group 1))	kznchbztzv = jzgyhvghuu haywyxpvsv (jeeoohlcfk, wqrlveaffu - vewcaxnhqh) View more
NCT04676763 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Skin Diseases	32	Substance P (Part 1- Skin Challenges)	fprwwllskt(iduxhbiunj) = durzhgjyyc iphywdnczp (mbhwsgshbf, 97.43852) View more	-	08 Feb 2024
				Substance P (Part 2- Skin Challenges)	rajxfqlhdh(kllpguhzhe) = ghljplpghs hbcfmsifhx (amyhhxpwva, 110.11185) View more
NCT02948842 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Urethral Stricture	5	Clostridium Histolyticum Collagenase+Saline	wiwrxwngey = tkddbueupw rcsgjvyupp (rkrasqjtxm, cdtycjuvgg - jkqtshipra) View more	-	03 Nov 2023
NCT04897841 (OBLiBupi, CTgov)	Phase 4	Pain \| complications of cesarean section	60	Bupivacaine Hydrochloride+saline (Control Arm)	atihzthxut(oydktuobbc) = wspdiedljm pqoyhvwtfv (esblpbxkxo, qsbrxvkxyd - bghontloxh) View more	-	30 Oct 2023
				Liposomal bupivacaine+Bupivacaine Hydrochloride+saline (Intervention: Liposomal Bupivacaine)	atihzthxut(oydktuobbc) = nugobmqmqy pqoyhvwtfv (esblpbxkxo, kfkrrhlhbk - fhboiocrns) View more