Last update 25 Jun 2024

Trazodone Hydrochloride

Last update 25 Jun 2024

Overview

R&D Status

Clinical Result

Translational Medicine

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryTrazodone, a small molecule drug, targets the serotonin transporter and acts as a serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Although approved for treating several conditions, including major depressive disorder, diabetic neuropathies, sleep initiation and maintenance disorders, and premature ejaculation, the drug's mechanism of action remains elusive. Angelini Pharma was the first to approve the drug for use in December 1981. By increasing serotonin levels in the brain, Trazodone hydrochloride reduces symptoms of depression and improves mood. Additionally, the drug has sedative properties that make it effective in treating sleep disorders. However, Trazodone may produce unwanted side effects such as dizziness, drowsiness, and dry mouth and interact with other medications, resulting in unwanted consequences.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

Oleptro, Trazodone, Trazodone HCl

+ [15]

Target

5-HT2 receptor x SERT

Mechanism

5-HT2 receptor antagonists(Serotonin 2 (5-HT2) receptor antagonists), Serotonin reuptake inhibitors

Therapeutic Areas

Other DiseasesNervous System DiseasesEndocrinology and Metabolic Disease+ [1]

Active Indication

Depressive Disorder, MajorDepressive DisorderDiabetic peripheral neuropathy+ [2]

Inactive Indication

Anxiety DisordersDepression

Originator Organization

Angelini Pharma, Inc.

Active Organization

Angelini SA

Shenyang Funing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.

Organon & Co.

+ [3]

Inactive Organization

Aziende Chimiche Riunite Angelini Francesco - A.C.R.A.F. - SpA

Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd.

Zhaoke Pharmaceutical (Hefei) Co., Ltd.

+ [2]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

US (24 Dec 1981),

Depressive Disorder, Major

RegulationOrphan Drug (US)

Structure

Molecular FormulaC19H23Cl2N5O

InChIKeyOHHDIOKRWWOXMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry25332-39-2

Clinical Trials associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

CTR20240990 / CompletedNot Applicable

盐酸曲唑酮片在健康受试者中进行的单中心、单剂量、空腹和餐后用药、2制剂、2周期、2序列、开放、随机、交叉的生物等效性试验。

[Translation] A single-center, single-dose, fasting and postprandial, 2-formulation, 2-period, 2-sequence, open-label, randomized, crossover bioequivalence study of trazodone hydrochloride tablets was conducted in healthy subjects.

主要研究目的：研究空腹/餐后状态下单次口服受试制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50 mg，北京福元医药股份有限公司生产）与参比制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50 mg，商品名：RESLIN®，オルガノン株式会社持证）在健康受试者体内的药代动力学，评价空腹/餐后状态下口服两种制剂的生物等效性。次要研究目的：研究受试制剂盐酸曲唑酮片50 mg和参比制剂RESLIN®50 mg在健康受试者中的安全性。

[Translation]

Main study objectives: To study the pharmacokinetics of a single oral dose of the test preparation Trazodone Hydrochloride Tablets (Specification: 50 mg, produced by Beijing Fuyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) and the reference preparation Trazodone Hydrochloride Tablets (Specification: 50 mg, trade name: RESLIN®, certified by Olganon Co., Ltd.) in healthy subjects in the fasting/postprandial state, and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two preparations in the fasting/postprandial state. Secondary study objectives: To study the safety of the test preparation Trazodone Hydrochloride Tablets 50 mg and the reference preparation RESLIN® 50 mg in healthy subjects.

Start Date10 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Beijing Winsunny Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.

CTR20240618 / Active, not recruitingNot Applicable

评估受试制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50 mg）与参比制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（RESLIN®，规格：50 mg）在健康成年受试者空腹和餐后状态下的单中心、开放、随机、单剂量、两周期、两序列、交叉生物等效性研究

[Translation] A single-center, open-label, randomized, single-dose, two-period, two-sequence, crossover bioequivalence study to evaluate the bioequivalence of the test formulation, trazodone hydrochloride tablets (strength: 50 mg), and the reference formulation, trazodone hydrochloride tablets (RESLIN®, strength: 50 mg), in healthy adult subjects in the fasting and fed state.

研究空腹和餐后状态下单次口服受试制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50 mg，浙江金必康医药科技有限公司研制）与参比制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（RESLIN®，规格：50 mg，オルガノン株式会社生产）在健康受试者体内的药代动力学特征，评价空腹和餐后状态口服两种制剂的生物等效性。次要试验目的：研究受试制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50 mg）和参比制剂盐酸曲唑酮片（RESLIN®，规格：50 mg）在健康受试者中的安全性。

[Translation]

To study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of the test preparation trazodone hydrochloride tablets (specification: 50 mg, developed by Zhejiang Jinbikang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd.) and the reference preparation trazodone hydrochloride tablets (RESLIN®, specification: 50 mg, produced by Olganon Co., Ltd.) in healthy subjects after a single oral administration in the fasting and fed state, and to evaluate the bioequivalence of the two preparations in the fasting and fed state. Secondary study objectives: To study the safety of the test preparation trazodone hydrochloride tablets (specification: 50 mg) and the reference preparation trazodone hydrochloride tablets (RESLIN®, specification: 50 mg) in healthy subjects.

Start Date05 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Zhejiang Jinbikang Pharmaceutical Technology Co., Ltd

CTR20240837 / CompletedNot Applicable

盐酸曲唑酮片在健康成年受试者中单次空腹状态及高脂餐后口服给药的随机、开放、两周期、两序列、交叉设计生物等效性试验

[Translation] A randomized, open-label, two-period, two-sequence, crossover bioequivalence study of trazodone hydrochloride tablets in healthy adult subjects after single oral administration in the fasting state and after a high-fat meal

主要研究目的：研究重庆圣华曦药业股份有限公司生产的盐酸曲唑酮片（规格：50mg）在中国健康受试者中空腹状态及高脂餐后以口服途径单次给药的药代动力学特征，并以オルガノン株式会社持有，オルガノン株式会社生产的盐酸曲唑酮片（商品名：RESLIN®；规格：50mg）为参比制剂，进行生物等效性评价。次要研究目的：初步考察盐酸曲唑酮片受试制剂和参比制剂在健康受试者中的安全性。

[Translation]

The main purpose of the study is to study the pharmacokinetic characteristics of trazodone hydrochloride tablets (specification: 50 mg) produced by Chongqing Shenghuaxi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. in Chinese healthy subjects after a single oral administration in the fasting state and after a high-fat meal, and to evaluate the bioequivalence of trazodone hydrochloride tablets (trade name: RESLIN®; specification: 50 mg) owned by Olganon Co., Ltd. and produced by Olganon Co., Ltd. Secondary purpose of the study: To preliminarily investigate the safety of the test and reference preparations of trazodone hydrochloride tablets in healthy subjects.

Start Date18 Mar 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Chongqing Shenghuaxi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.

100 Clinical Results associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

100 Translational Medicine associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

2,048

Literatures (Medical) associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

01 Feb 2024·Veterinary dermatology

Influence of a single oral dose of trazodone on intradermal histamine reactivity in clinically healthy dogs

Article

Author: Kennis, Robert Allen ; Lewis, Sarah Taylor ; White, Amelia Grant ; Clark-Price, Stuart Charles

Abstract:

Background:

Drug interactions are significant considerations for intradermal testing (IDT). Trazodone (TRZ) is an anxiolytic and selective histaminergic (H1) antagonist with no interaction in human prick tests; however, interaction in canine IDT is unknown.

Hypothesis/Objectives:

Trazodone will not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.

Animals:

Fourteen nonanxious, nonatopic, healthy client‐owned dogs were enrolled in this randomised, blinded, cross‐over study.

Materials and Methods:

Dogs were randomised to receive low‐dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) (Teva Pharmaceuticals), high‐dose TRZ (8 mg/kg) or no TRZ per os two hours before intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine (5 mcg/kg) (Dexdomitor; Zoetis). Intradermal testing was performed with five quadrupling dilutions of histamine (1:100,000 to 1:25,600,000 w/v; Greer) and 0.9% saline (Hospira), observing a minimum two weeks washout period between treatments. Two observers, who were blinded to treatment and the identity of the injections, evaluated each test using previously established subjective and objective methods.

Results:

The mean wheal diameter of histamine 1:1,600,000 w/v was significantly smaller with low‐dose TRZ (4 mg/kg) compared to the control group (p = 0.048; repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Tukey's test). For all other histamine dilutions and saline, mean wheal diameter was not significantly different among groups. There were no significant differences in the subjective scores of all histamine dilutions and saline (p > 0.05; Friedman test).

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance:

A single oral dose of TRZ does not adversely affect intradermal histamine reactions in dogs.

01 Feb 2024·International journal of impotence researchQ3 · MEDICINE

Medication-associated priapism events: validation of findings from the FDA pharmacovigilance database using insurance claim database

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Able, Corey ; Kohn, Taylor P ; Kohn, Jaden R

Pharmacovigilance databases are important for tracking rare adverse events associated with medications.Approx. 51 new drugs are approved each year by the United States Federal Drug Agency and rare adverse events may be too infrequent to be detected in pre-approval clin. trials, thus the importance of these ongoing pharmacovigilance databases.Using the Federal Drug Agency pharmacovigilance databases, Schifano et al. found trazadone, olanzapine, and tadalafil had a higher risk of causing priapism compared to other medications within this database.We attempted to validate these findings using a large US claims database to assess the frequency of priapism diagnosis within 6 mo of prescribing medications identified by Schifano et al. (trazodone, quetiapine, risperidone, olanzapine, aripiprazole, tadalafil, sertraline, sildenafil, methylphenidate, alprostadil, and clozapine).On propensity-matched retrospective cohort anal. with 3.4 million men exposed to the drugs of interest with 3.4 million propensity-matched controls.We find that trazadone and tadalafil were associated with increased risk of priapism-risk ratio [RR] 1.73, 95Confidence Interval [CI] 1.28-2.34 and (RR: 3.00, 95CI 2.19-4.11), resp.Sildenafil was also found to be associated with increased risk of priapism diagnosis (RR: 1.77, 95CI 1.37-2.29).The antipsychotic quetiapine, a second-generation antipsychotic like olanzapine, had the greatest association with a diagnosis of priapism (RR 3.50, 95CI 1.93-6.34).Some analyses were unable to be performed, such as for alprostadil and olanzapine, as low number of patients having received a prescription for these medications resulted in a propensity-matched control group that was too small to accurately assess the risk ratio for the incidence of priapism.We confirm the findings of Schifano et al. describing the increased risk of priapism associated with prescriptions of trazadone, tadalafil, sildenafil, and second-generation antipsychotics.

01 Feb 2024·International journal of impotence researchQ3 · MEDICINE

Medications mostly associated with priapism events: assessment of the 2015–2020 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pharmacovigilance database entries

Q3 · MEDICINE

Article

Author: Fallara, Giuseppe ; Montorsi, Francesco ; Castiglione, Fabio ; Capogrosso, Paolo ; Salonia, Andrea ; Deho', Federico ; Schifano, Fabrizio ; Schifano, Nicolò ; Alnajjar, Hussain M ; Muneer, Asif ; Boeri, Luca ; Cakir, Omer Onur

A range of drugs have a direct role in triggering ischaemic priapism. We aimed at identifying: a) which medications are associated with most priapism-reports; and, b) within these medications, comparing their potential to elicit priapism through a disproportionality analysis. The FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database was queried to identify those drugs associated the most with priapism reports over the last 5 years. Only those drugs being associated with a minimum of 30 priapism reports were considered. The Proportional Reporting Ratios (PRRs), and their 95% confidence intervals were computed. Out of the whole 2015-2020 database, 1233 priapism reports were identified, 933 of which (75.7%) were associated with 11 medications with a minimum of 30 priapism-reports each. Trazodone, olanzapine and tadalafil showed levels of disproportionate reporting, with a PRR of 9.04 (CI95%: 7.73-10.58), 1.55 (CI95%: 1.27-1.89), and 1.42 (CI95%: 1.10-1.43), respectively. Most (57.5%) of the reports associated with the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) were related with concomitant priapism-eliciting drugs taken at the same time and/or inappropriate intake/excessive dosage. Patients taking trazodone and/or antipsychotics need to be aware of the priapism-risk; awareness among prescribers would help in reducing priapism-related detrimental sequelae; PDE5I-intake is not responsible for priapism by itself, when appropriate medical supervision is provided.

News (Medical) associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

23 May 2024

·www.globenewswire.com

Apnimed Announces a Robust Slate of Presentations at SLEEP 2024, Including an Analysis of the Prevalence of Obesity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

New Data Underscore the Need for New OSA Treatments That Go Beyond Weight Loss to Address the Neuromuscular Root Cause of the DiseaseOral Presentations include Rationale and Design of SynAIRgy Phase 3 Study for AD109, a Potential Nighttime Oral Drug Treatment for OSA“Shining a Light on Living with Sleep Apnea” Symposium Features Premiere Sneak Preview of “Out of Breath” Film Featuring Struggles of Living with OSA, Followed by Panel Discussion CAMBRIDGE, Mass., May 23, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Apnimed, Inc., a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on discovery, development and commercialization of novel oral therapies for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other sleep disorders, announced a series of five data presentations and a dinner symposium at the SLEEP 2024 annual meeting. Presentations include an epidemiologic study of the prevalence of obesity in OSA, which demonstrates that the majority of people with OSA are not obese. OSA is estimated to affect more than 50 million in the United States, though underdiagnosis continues to be a serious problem. “Apnimed is making significant contributions toward understanding the characteristics of people with OSA and the impact symptoms of OSA have on those who are not being treated. The data being presented at SLEEP 2024 reaffirm that this market has significant unmet needs,” said Larry Miller, MD, CEO of Apnimed. “AD109, our novel oral nighttime drug for OSA, currently in Phase 3 clinical development, has the potential to help patients across a broad spectrum of OSA severity and body mass index by addressing the neuromuscular root cause of OSA. Because there are no FDA approved products that specifically address the neuromuscular causes of OSA, the door is open for an oral therapy that can meet the needs of a broad range of OSA patients.” Additional presentations related to Apnimed’s pipeline of potential OSA treatments include both an oral and a poster discussion concerning the study design and rationale of SynAIRgy, the second Phase 3 registrational study for AD109, and data from the VicTor Study, a Phase 2 crossover study that evaluated an oral combination drug related to Apnimed’s pipeline development candidate AD817. SLEEP, the premier clinical and scientific sleep conference, is a joint meeting of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (APSS) and the Sleep Research Society. SLEEP 2024, the 38th annual meeting of the APSS, will be held at the George R. Brown Convention Center in Houston from June 1-5. Apnimed SLEEP 2024 Presentation Details: POSTER:P-09, #147Prevalence of Obesity in Obstructive Sleep Apnea within a Large Community-based Cohort of Middled-aged/Older AdultsTime: Monday, June 3, 10:00-10:45 AM CTLocation:George R. Brown Convention Center, Hall A3Presenter:Neda Esmaeili, PhD, Brigham and Women's Hospital POSTER:P-08, #133Fatigue Negatively Impacts the Lives of Individuals Living with OSA: A Closer Look with Patient Reported Outcomes (PRO) MeasuresTime:Monday, June 3, 10:00-10:45 AM CTLocation:George R. Brown Convention Center, Hall A3Presenter:Helene Emsellem, MD, Director, The Center for Sleep & Wake Disorders & Sleep Health Institute SYMPOSIUM:Shining a Light on Living with Sleep ApneaSneak Preview:“Out of Breath,” an independent film about living with OSA followed by a panel discussion with the film’s director and starsTime:Tuesday, June 4, 6:15-8:30PM CTLocation:Marriott Marquis, Houston, Salon A-BRegister:https://bit.ly/3y2gbqe ORAL:O-26Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine for the Treatment of OSA: Rationale and Design of theSynAIRgy Phase 3 RCTSession:Updates on Non-PAP Therapy for Sleep-Related Breathing DisordersTime: Wednesday, June 5, 2:15-2:30PM CTLocation:George R. Brown Convention Center, Room 362Presenter:Patrick Strollo, Jr., MD, Professor of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science,Vice Chair of Medicine for Veterans Affairs, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine POSTER:P-41, #274Aroxybutynin and Atomoxetine for the Treatment of OSA: Rationale and Design of the SynAIRgy Phase 3 RCTTime: Wednesday, June 5, 11:00-11:45 AM CTLocation: George R. Brown Convention Center, Hall A3Presenter:Patrick Strollo, Jr., MD, Professor of Medicine and Clinical and Translational Science, Vice Chair of Medicine for Veterans Affairs, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine ORAL:O-26The Effect of Viloxazine and Trazodone in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Crossover StudySession:Updates on Non-PAP Therapy for Sleep-Related Breathing DisordersTime: Wednesday, June 5, 2:30-2:45PM CTLocation:George R. Brown Convention Center, Room 362Presenter:Atqiya Aishah, PhD, Brigham and Women’s Hospital About the SynAIRgy StudyThe SynAIRgy Study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05813275) is a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-arm 6-month study of a fixed dose combination of aroxybutynin/atomoxetine (AD109) in adult participants with OSA who are intolerant of, or currently refuse, positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy. The SynAIRgy Study examines the use of AD109 in a range of OSA patients across all types of OSA from mild to severe and ranges of body mass index (BMI) from normal to obese. Participants (n=640) will be randomized 1:1 to either AD109 or placebo. The primary endpoint is designed to evaluate reduction of airway obstructions (AHI4) for AD109 vs. placebo. A key secondary endpoint is evaluating OSA symptoms based on the PROMIS-Fatigue scale for AD109 vs. placebo. Other standard objective and subjective metrics of OSA will also be evaluated. The trial also includes an additional cohort of up to 100 participants concomitantly on AD109 and a stable dose of a GLP-1 agonist for weight loss. The trial will include up to 65 enrolling centers across the US and Canada. SynAIRgy is continuing enrollment. Interested participants may check their eligibility at www.sleepapneatrial.com. Topline Phase 3 data for both AD109 registrational trials, LunAIRo and SynAIRgy, are expected in mid-2025. About AD109AD109 has the potential to be the first oral drug that could both treat the underlying nighttime airway obstruction and hypoxia that characterize OSA, as well as improve the daytime consequences of OSA, such as fatigue. It is a potential first-in-class, novel, investigational combination dosed once daily at bedtime and is designed to treat OSA patients across a broad spectrum of disease severity. AD109 combines Apnimed’s novel selective antimuscarinic (aroxybutynin) with a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (atomoxetine) in a fixed dose combination. AD109 targets key neurological pathways in OSA that activate upper airway dilator muscles to maintain an open airway during sleep. AD109 has the potential to become a safe, effective, and convenient treatment for OSA, addressing some of the key limitations of approved treatments that are often poorly tolerated (e.g., CPAP and oral devices) and/or invasive (e.g., surgery or implanted devices). AD109 has been granted Fast Track designation by the FDA and is currently in Phase 3 clinical trials. About the VicTor StudyThe VicTor Study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT05793684) is a Phase 2 randomized double-blind placebo-controlled multiple-dose 3-period crossover study comparing a fixed dose combination of viloxazine/trazodone to viloxazine alone and to placebo in obstructive sleep apnea. About Obstructive Sleep Apnea Obstructive sleep apnea is one of the most common and serious sleep disorders. It is estimated to affect more than 50 million and as many as 80 million people in the United States, though underdiagnosis continues to be a serious problem and the number of affected Americans may be far greater. OSA impacts people across the spectrum of sex, age, ethnicity and BMI ranges from normal to obese. OSA is characterized by partial or complete upper airway collapse that occurs during sleep, which can cause dramatic reductions in overnight oxygen levels and often leads to poor sleep, and in the long term, has been shown to increase the risk of hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Additionally, OSA can impair work productivity, reduce daytime functional abilities, and lower quality of life. Sleep-related neuromuscular dysfunction is the key mechanism that causes a reduction in neuromuscular tone of the upper airway during sleep. The vast majority of diagnosed patients are prescribed positive air pressure therapy devices such as continuous positive airway pressure, or CPAP, but many patients are dissatisfied with these mechanical nighttime devices and fewer than half are compliant long term, leaving a significant population untreated or undertreated and at risk. Some OSA patients are overweight or obese, and sustained weight loss can reduce the severity of airway collapse and some symptoms. However, even substantial weight loss may not fully address the symptoms of OSA or reduce the need for treatments that help maintain an open airway during sleep, and if patients regain weight, OSA and its symptoms tend to return. About ApnimedApnimed is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company working to transform the treatment of sleep apnea based on a simple idea – patients with obstructive sleep apnea could benefit from treatment with a safe and effective oral medication dosed once daily at bedtime. Apnimed’s lead development program, AD109, targets the neurologic control of upper airway muscles to maintain an open airway during sleep. Based in Cambridge, Mass., the company is developing a portfolio of novel pharmacologic therapies for sleep apnea and other sleep disorders. Apnimed has a pipeline of novel, oral pharmacologic programs including several that are part of our Joint Venture with Shionogi & Co., Ltd. called Shionogi-Apnimed Sleep Science, LLC. Learn more at apnimed.com or follow us on X and LinkedIn. Media Contact:Amanda BreedingScient PRamanda@scientpr.com Mikala Whitaker Spectrum Sciencemwhitaker@spectrumscience.com Investor Contact:Brian Ritchie LifeSci Advisorsbritchie@lifesciadvisors.com

Phase 2Phase 3Fast Track

26 May 2023

·www.drugs.com

The Most Common Depression Medications, Explained

FRIDAY, May 26, 2023 -- You've been diagnosed with depression. What's next? The cornerstone of treatment remains antidepressants, so it's likely your doctor will prescribe one for you, but which one might be best? You will join millions around the world who struggle with how to treat the mental health disorder. An estimated 3.8% of the global population experiences depression, according to the World Health Organization . The numbers are staggering, but when depression is left untreated, it can impair daily functioning, raise the risk of suicide and lower quality of life. Fortunately, there are many different types of antidepressants available, each with unique mechanisms of action, benefits and potential side effects. Here, experts will explore the most commonly prescribed depression medications, how they work and their common side effects. Depression medications Dr. Abid Nazeer, founder, chief medical officer and medical director of Advanced Psych Solutions in Naperville, Ill., stated, “If you don’t treat depression, there’s a risk that you may get through the day, but it will feel like a struggle. If it’s been adequately treated, you can have a much better day.” Meanwhile, Pardis Khosravi , a psychologist and clinical director at Children’s Health Council in California, said, “Depression is not something you can 'power through' or think your way out of with positive thoughts. It is a medical illness that left untreated can have a profound impact on your health, quality of life and daily functioning. Untreated depression increases the likelihood of risky behaviors such as substance use, self-harm and suicidal ideation and/or behaviors.” Although alternative therapies can be successful in treating depression, medication might become necessary in certain situations when other treatments have failed, depression symptoms interfere considerably with daily life, there is a history of mental health issues, or when a person feels too exhausted to pursue non-medication treatments. Here are some of the most common depression medications: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) SSRIs are a class of medications used to treat depression by elevating serotonin levels in the brain, a crucial neurotransmitter that facilitates communication between nerve cells. The Mayo Clinic indicates that SSRIs prevent serotonin reabsorption into neurons, ensuring that more of the chemical messenger remains available to enhance signaling between brain cells. Additionally, SSRIs are known as selective agents because they primarily impact serotonin rather than other neurotransmitters. These SSRIs have received approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of depression: Citalopram (Celexa) Escitalopram (Lexapro) Fluoxetine (Prozac) Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva) Sertraline (Zoloft) While SSRIs effectively treat depression, they may also cause various side effects. Per an article published in the Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinic Psychology , SSRIs' most common side effects include gastrointestinal problems, sexual dysfunction, weight gain and sleep disturbances. Gastrointestinal side effects include nausea, diarrhea and abdominal pain, while sexual dysfunction includes decreased libido, erectile dysfunction and difficulty achieving orgasm. In rare cases, SSRIs may increase the risk of suicidal ideation, particularly in young people, some research has shown. Antidepressant medications SSRIs are not the only medications for depression: Tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) work by affecting other neurotransmitters. SSRIs generally have fewer side effects than these older antidepressants and are typically the first-line treatment for depression. However, the choice of medication depends on individual needs, and health care providers may recommend different types of antidepressants based on the patient's specific symptoms and medical history. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) MAOIs are another type of antidepressant medication that blocks the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaks down neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine. By increasing the levels of these neurotransmitters, MAOIs can alleviate symptoms of depression. Some of the most common MAOIs include: Phenelzine (Nardil) Tranylcypromine (Parnate) Isocarboxazid (Marplan) Selegiline (Emsam) — available as a transdermal patch These medications can be effective in treating depression. However, the Mayo Clinic states that they are generally not considered first-line therapy due to their potential for serious side effects and interactions with certain foods and medications. Atypical antidepressants According to Mental Health America , atypical antidepressants are a diverse class of medications used to treat depression that do not fit neatly into other categories of antidepressants. They work by targeting multiple neurotransmitters in the brain, including serotonin, norepinephrine and dopamine, to improve mood and ease symptoms of depression. Some of the most commonly used atypical antidepressants include: Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Mirtazapine (Remeron) Trazodone (Desyrel) Vilazodone (Viibryd) Vortioxetine (Trintellix) Bupropion is known for its unique mechanism of action, which involves increasing the levels of norepinephrine and dopamine in the brain. Mirtazapine works by increasing the release of both serotonin and norepinephrine, while trazodone primarily affects serotonin levels. Vilazodone and vortioxetine are newer medications that target multiple neurotransmitters and effectively treat depression. These medications may be useful for individuals who have not responded to other types of antidepressants or who experience side effects from other medications. SOURCES: Abid Nazeer, MD, founder, chief medical officer and medical director, Advanced Psych Solutions, Naperville, Ill.; Pardis Khosravi, psychologist and clinical director, Children’s Health Council, Palo Alto, Calif. Posted May 2023

Drug Approval

31 Jan 2023

·www.sciencedaily.com

Do sleep medications increase your chances of dementia?

A new study shows that sleep medications increase the risk of dementia in whites. But the type and quantity of the medication may be factors in explaining the higher risk. A new study shows that sleep medications increase the risk of dementia in whites. But the type and quantity of the medication may be factors in explaining the higher risk. It follows previous work that shows Blacks have a higher likelihood than whites of developing Alzheimer's, the most common type of dementia, and that they have different risk factors and disease manifestation. The final corrected draft of the study publishes in the Journal of Alzheimer's Disease on Jan. 31, 2023. In the study, approximately 3,000 older adults without dementia, who lived outside of nursing homes, were enrolled in the Health, Aging and Body Composition study and followed over an average duration of nine years. Their average age was 74; 42% were Black and 58% were white. During the study, 20% developed dementia. White participants who "often" or "almost always" took sleep medications had a 79% higher chance of developing dementia compared to those who "never" or "rarely" used them. Among Black participants -- whose consumption of sleep aids was markedly lower -- frequent users had a similar likelihood of developing dementia than those who abstained or rarely used the medications. Higher-Income Blacks May Be Less Likely to Get Dementia "Differences may be attributed to socio-economic status" said first author Yue Leng, PhD, of the UCSF Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Weill Institute for Neurosciences. "Black participants who have access to sleep medications might be a select group with high socio-economic status and, thus, greater cognitive reserve, making them less susceptible to dementia. "It's also possible that some sleep medications were associated with a higher risk of dementia than others." The researchers found that whites, at 7.7%, were three times as likely as Blacks, at 2.7%, to take sleep medications often, five to 15 times a month, or almost always, 16 times a month to daily. Whites were almost twice as likely to use benzodiazepines, like Halcion, Dalmane and Restoril, prescribed for chronic insomnia. Whites were also 10 times as likely to take trazodone, an antidepressant known by the trade names of Desyrel and Oleptro, that may also be prescribed as a sleep aid. And they were more than seven times as likely to take "Z-drugs," such as Ambien, a so-called sedative-hypnotic. While future study may offer clarity on the cognitive risks or rewards of sleep medications and the role that race may play, patients with poor sleep should hesitate before considering medications, according to Leng. "The first step is to determine what kind of sleep issues patients are dealing with. A sleep test may be required if sleep apnea is a possibility," she said. "If insomnia is diagnosed, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-i) is the first-line treatment. If medication is to be used, melatonin might be a safer option, but we need more evidence to understand its long-term impact on health."

Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Trazodone Hydrochloride

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00820	Trazodone Hydrochloride	N06AX05	DB00656

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Depressive Disorder	JP	Organon & Co.	28 Jun 1991
Depressive Disorder	JP	Pfizer Japan, Inc.	28 Jun 1991
Depressive Disorder, Major	US	Pragma Pharmaceuticals LLC	24 Dec 1981

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Depression	Phase 3	CN	Lee's Pharmaceutical Holdings Ltd.	01 Nov 2011
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy	Phase 2	CN	Shenyang Funing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.	09 May 2017
Diabetic Neuropathies	Phase 2	PL	Angelini SA	30 Jan 2017
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	Phase 2	IT	Angelini SA	01 Oct 2015
Premature Ejaculation	Phase 1	CN	Shenyang Funing Pharmaceutical Co Ltd.	17 Jun 2015
Anxiety Disorders	Phase 1	CN	Aziende Chimiche Riunite Angelini Francesco - A.C.R.A.F. - SpA	13 May 2014

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


WSC2023	Not Applicable	REM Sleep Behavior Disorder	-	Trazodone 50mg	ftdavegyzi(otudqgljct) = pqfpknbwtc bburmmeyzd (dclpugokjv )	-	23 Oct 2023
NCT04162743 (Pubmed \| J Neurol)	Phase 4	Ischemic stroke	22	Trazodone 100 mg	ftqayeinpt(jsmwrqaycp) = fvxzoawnsi jgjcobbren (dzmqkuidbt ) View more	-	24 Feb 2021
				Placebo	ftqayeinpt(jsmwrqaycp) = wlihskdaed jgjcobbren (dzmqkuidbt ) View more
NCT03202979 (Pubmed \| CNS Drugs)	Phase 2	Diabetic Neuropathies	142	TRZ30	shgzlpsmtt(cvlcsecooe) = No serious adverse event occurred during the trial and the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events involved nervous system, QT prolongation, and gastrointestinal disorders spfoeguzhz (bumclxqkzl )	-	01 Nov 2020
				TRZ60
NCT03516630 (Pubmed \| J Clin Pharmacol)	Phase 1	-	20	Trazodone 20 mg	lltnjpvvbu(dqukzsvbxh) = ukybanxfen uhnxafwwcg (ghhsnczxrw )	-	02 Jun 2020
				Trazodone 60 mg	lltnjpvvbu(dqukzsvbxh) = yzesofeeif uhnxafwwcg (ghhsnczxrw )
NCT01348542 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders	24	Trazodone (Trazodone)	qjzmbqusus(fyjmzxjgkg) = huezfuitph jmibfshueh (mbmnzynpls, ahamafgghj - zscfdskhpm) View more	-	21 Jun 2019
				Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy)	qjzmbqusus(fyjmzxjgkg) = qegtgoxzcy jmibfshueh (mbmnzynpls, jqlrhfduvd - kezrtducrg) View more
NCT01662297 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders \| Behavioural disorders \| Substance Abuse	1	Quetiapine (Quetiapine)	jadwaxxiqc(otsznpeovt) = xmvwbuxfrv eewxtgcjwn (fjvofqugjg, fxybjygxba - xacefuwtnu) View more	-	16 Oct 2018
				Trazodone (Trazodone)	dhnmuoshqn(jxsavjliao) = yruikrpmqc wopeiovtjx (nebxuvnpmp, lcreumhyae - yjdhebxjhg) View more
NCT01943435 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Osteoarthritis, Spine \| Spinal stenosis of lumbar region	259	Lumbar epidural injection+nortriptyline+acetaminophen+diclofenac+misoprostol+duloxetine+celecoxib+gabapentin+tramadol+sertraline+mirtazapine+ibuprofen+trazodone (Medical Care)	vhzpjmpnhd(zgissjxrrt) = qfrhhqghwg zorkqgtbdt (cpguaiayxt, kytbuzccty - creuxoejew) View more	-	17 May 2017
				Group Exercise: community setting (Group Exercise)	vhzpjmpnhd(zgissjxrrt) = vyowavmwcu zorkqgtbdt (cpguaiayxt, ovdmvxjkxj - yimjnsccng) View more
NCT01817907 (Pubmed)	Not Applicable	Sleep Apnea, Obstructive	15	Trazodone	lfugaohwjv(jpykicrjkd) = eswcsfvomf umtwnsvkgq (qeqytdklsf ) View more	-	01 May 2015
				Placebo	lfugaohwjv(jpykicrjkd) = qccxnumvjs umtwnsvkgq (qeqytdklsf ) View more
NCT01142258 (Pubmed \| Am J Geriatr Psychiatry)	Phase 3	Alzheimer Disease	30	Trazodone 50 mg	ggzmxezxqi(xsdjgpcuxb) = vbhewophta ffnswffrou (cnrnrytfls ) View more	Positive	01 Dec 2014
NCT01121926 (CTgov)	Phase 1	-	30	Trazodone HCl	cnfgtzybni(ykpriohifs) = dmzclthvnh cpkypvqost (fjircyhlnj, tszpjlefbe - xizyftrcay) View more	-	16 Aug 2010

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Leverages most recent intelligence information, enabling fullest potential.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis