β1-adrenergic receptor antagonists(Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists), β2-adrenergic receptor antagonists(Beta-2 adrenergic receptor antagonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Cardiovascular Diseases

Active Indication

Atrial FibrillationEssential Hypertension

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Nitto Denko Corporation

TOA Eiyo Ltd.

Active Organization

TOA Eiyo Ltd.Nitto Denko Corporation

Inactive Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

JP (28 Jun 2013),

Atrial FibrillationEssential Hypertension

Regulation-

Structure

Molecular FormulaC18H31NO4

InChIKeyVHYCDWMUTMEGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry66722-44-9

104

Clinical Trials associated with Bisoprolol

NCT04432610 / WithdrawnPhase 4IIT

Echocardiographic Study of a Single Dose Bisoprolol Versus Nebivolol in Healthy Subjects: a Randomized, Double-blind, Cross-over Study

This is a randomized, double-blind, crossover study in healthy adult subjects. Each subject will receive a single dose of bisoprolol 5 mg p.o. and nebivolol 5 mg p.o. with 1 week washout period. All subjects will undergo a physical examination, 12-lead electrocardiography and a comprehensive echocardiographic study before the administration of the study drug and 5 hours thereafter.

Start Date01 Jan 2030

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT05880056 / Not yet recruitingPhase 4

A Prospective, Multicenter, Open-label, Single-arm Interventional Study of Bisoprolol (Nerkardou - Nerhadou International) 5 and 10 mg Oral Dissolvable Film (ODF) Treatment in Egyptian Patients With Essential Hypertension

The trial is designed to assess the safety and investigation of the efficacy of a single oral dose of bisoprolol (Nerkardou - Nerhadou) oral dissolvable film (ODF) 5 & 10 mg, and patients' compliance in the treatment of essential hypertension. This is a Phase IV, open-label, single-arm, prospective trial where subjects will receive:
Bisoprolol (Nerkardou) at an initial dose of 5 (mg) milligrams once daily for 2 weeks.
If the blood pressure would be greater than or equal to 130/80 mmHg after 2 weeks, then the dose will be titrated to 10 mg once daily (non-responders). Dose-Titration will be done at any follow-up visit based on the response.
The total duration of study treatment will be 12 weeks ±2 days, and the total sample size of the study will be 406 participants.

Start Date21 May 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

GRC

[+1]

IRCT20220211053992N27 / Recruiting

In vivo Bioequivalence study of Bisoprolol H (10/25) tablet manufactured by AaniDarman Pharmaceutical Co. Compared to innovator Product

Start Date13 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Tabriz University of Medical Sciences

100 Clinical Results associated with Bisoprolol

100 Translational Medicine associated with Bisoprolol

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Bisoprolol

1,802

Literatures (Medical) associated with Bisoprolol

01 May 2024·Current drug safety

Immediate Reaction to Propranolol: An Extremely Rare but Important Condition. A Case Report

Author: Monjo-Paz, Josefa ; Sánchez-González, María-José ; Alvarez-Mon, Melchor ; González-Bravo, Lucía ; Barbarroja-Escudero, José ; Matas-Dominguez, Dorotea

Introduction::

Beta-blockers involve a group of drugs widely used nowadays. Propranolol was the first beta-blocker available in the market. It is the most prescribed first-generation betablocker and is commonly used. Beta-blocker allergy is extremely unusual. Only an isolated case of an urticaria reaction to propranolol has been published in 1975.

Case Presentation::

We present a 44-year-old man. In 2016, he was treated with a daily dose of 5 mg of propranolol prescribed for a diagnosis of essential tremor. On the third day of medical treatment, he experienced an episode of generalized urticaria directly related to the administration of propranolol. He continued with his habitual treatment and he had no other urticaria episodes. A drug provocation test was carried out with gradually increasing doses of the culprit drug. Thirty minutes after a total cumulative dose of 5 mg, the patient had several hives on the chest, abdominal region and arms. Two weeks later, a new drug provocation test was performed to bisoprolol as an alternative beta-blocker, with good tolerance.

Conclusion::

We describe a new case of urticaria secondary to propranolol, presenting as an immediate hypersensitivity reaction. Bisoprolol has been succesfully proved to be a safe option. Bisoprolol is a second-generation beta-blocker, it is available and commercialized worldwide, which makes it a good alternative.

01 Feb 2024·Heart (British Cardiac Society)

Management of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

Review

Author: Elliott, Perry M ; Lambiase, Pier D ; Al-Aidarous, Sayed ; Protonotarios, Alexandros

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a disease characterised by fibrofatty replacement of the ventricular myocardium due to specific mutations, leading to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Treating this condition can be challenging due to progressive fibrosis, phenotypic variations and small patient cohorts limiting the feasibility of conducting meaningful clinical trials. Although widely used, the evidence base for anti-arrhythmic drugs is limited. Beta-blockers are theoretically sound, yet their efficacy in reducing arrhythmic risk is not robust. Additionally, the impact of sotalol and amiodarone is inconsistent with studies reporting contradictory results. Emerging evidence suggests that combining flecainide and bisoprolol may be efficacious.Radiofrequency ablation has shown some potential in disrupting ventricular tachycardia circuits, with combined endo and epicardial ablation yielding better results which could be considered at the index procedure. In addition, stereotactic radiotherapy may be a future option that can decrease arrhythmias beyond simple scar formation by altering levels of Nav1.5 channels, Connexin 43 and Wnt signalling, potentially modifying myocardial fibrosis.Future therapies, such as adenoviruses and GSk3b modulation, are still in early-stage research. While implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation is a key intervention for reducing arrhythmic death, the risks of inappropriate shocks and device complications must be carefully considered.

26 Jan 2024·Medicine

Presentation of glomerulocystic disease in a young onset diabetes: A case report

Article

Author: Weng, Cheng-Hao ; Hsu, Ching-Wei ; Huang, Wen-Hung ; Tu, Kun-Hua ; Chen, Tai-Di

Rationale::

This case report presents a challenging medical scenario involving a young adult male who exhibited an unusual combination of symptoms, including abrupt weight loss, declining renal function, proteinuria, and concurrent onset of diabetes mellitus. Remarkably, the patient had no previous medical history or family history of similar conditions, necessitating a comprehensive investigation.

Patient Concerns::

On March 10, 2021, a 25-year-old male sought medical attention due to the aforementioned symptoms. Initial assessments revealed stage 5 chronic kidney disease, with elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) levels, as well as significant proteinuria. The only notable physical finding was obesity, and renal ultrasound showed normal-sized kidneys without cysts.

Diagnosis::

A treatment plan was initiated to stabilize creatinine levels, including medications such as Glimepiride, Glyxambi, Bisoprolol, Amlodipine, and Valsartan. However, despite diligent medication management, proteinuria persisted, prompting further evaluation. A renal biopsy was performed on April 12th, 2023, leading to the diagnosis of glomerulocystic kidney disease with early-stage changes indicative of diabetic nephropathy.

Interventions::

The patient continues to receive ongoing care and follow-up at our outpatient clinic to optimize therapeutic interventions and elucidate the underlying etiology of this complex clinical scenario.

Outcomes::

Ongoing investigations and therapeutic interventions are crucial to understand the underlying cause and optimize patient care in this intricate clinical scenario.

Lessons::

This case underscores the complexity of diagnosing and managing a young adult presenting with concurrent renal dysfunction, proteinuria, and diabetes mellitus in the absence of prior underlying conditions. It highlights the importance of comprehensive evaluation and ongoing care in such challenging cases.

News (Medical) associated with Bisoprolol

08 Apr 2024

·www.sciencedaily.com

Unnecessary use of beta-blockers after a heart attack?

Half of all patients discharged from hospital after a heart attack are treated with beta-blockers unnecessarily, new study suggests. Half of all patients discharged from hospital after a heart attack are treated with beta-blockers unnecessarily. This is according to a new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine. "I am convinced that this will influence future practice," says Tomas Jernberg, Professor at Karolinska Institutet and lead researcher of the study. Today, when patients are discharged from hospitals after an acute heart attack, they are regularly treated with beta-blocker drugs such as metoprolol and bisoprolol. Now new research shows that about half of them do not benefit from the treatment and should not receive it at all. These are the patients who have suffered a small heart attack and have retained heart function afterwards. The study will change the way patients are treated in the future, says the lead researcher and last author of the study, Professor Tomas Jernberg from the Department of Clinical Sciences at Karolinska Institutet. "I am convinced that this will influence future practice. This study has already been mentioned in the European guidelines for cardiac care, so the results are in demand," he says. The project was led by researchers at Karolinska Institutet, Lund University and Uppsala University. More than 5,000 patients at 45 hospitals in Sweden, Estonia and New Zealand who suffered a small heart attack were randomized to either receive or not receive beta-blockers at discharge. The study began in September 2017 and patients were followed up until November 2023, by which time 7.9 percent of those receiving beta-blockers had the primary outcome of death or a new heart attack, compared to 8.3 percent of those not receiving beta-blockers. This difference is not statistically significant. Nor was there any difference between the groups in the secondary outcomes. The result means that, unusually, the drug treatment becomes simpler and cheaper for all parties, says Tomas Jernberg. "Typically, new research results in the addition of a medication to a patient's regimen. However, this study shows that patients will benefit from taking one fewer drug." " But he immediately warns patients not to stop their treatment on their own accord. The current study is only about the effect of starting treatment after a small heart attack, not after a larger one. Nor does it show anything about the effects of stopping treatment. More importantly, stopping medication should always be done in consultation with the treating physician. "This is for several reasons. There may be other causes, other diagnoses, behind the use of beta-blockers. Then there is the fact that if you are going to stop, you should stop beta-blockers gradually. If you do it too quickly, you can get some heart palpitations and other discomfort. So, it is very important that you talk to your doctor before stopping any heart medication," says Tomas Jernberg. The research was funded by the Swedish Research Council and the Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation. The researchers report that there are no conflicts of interest. Facts: In Sweden, around 20,000 people have a heart attack every year. Half of them have a small heart attack with retained heart function afterward. This means that the heart can still pump out more than 50 percent of the volume in the left chamber of the heart, known as preserved left ventricular systolic function. The reasons behind the current practice of giving everyone a beta-blocker after a heart attack can be traced back to the 1980s when studies showed unequivocally that it was beneficial. But since then, other cardiovascular treatments have improved, as have diagnostics, so doctors are now detecting many of the heart attacks that were never classified as infarctions before. This, together with the fact that the incidence of heart attacks has steadily declined since the 1980s, means that today's heart attacks are generally smaller and with a higher proportion of people with preserved left ventricular function.

AHA

21 Aug 2023

·www.pharmaceutical-technology.com

Calliditas inches closer to full approval for IgA nephropathy drug

Akosua Mireku @AkosuaMireku1 IgA nephropathy is a kidney disorder that causes inflammation. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has granted Calliditas Therapeutics’ immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) drug Tarpeyo (budesonide) a priority review for a decision on granting it a “full approval”. Free Report How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving? 2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape. GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects. Access the report to: Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry. Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents. Evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the sector. Download the full report to understand what to expect and how to align your strategies for success. 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Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address. Thank you. Please check your email to download the Report. The FDA previously granted the drug accelerated approval as the first therapy for the treatment of IgAN, in December 2021. The agency has now set a prescription drug user fee act (PDUFA) date for this supplemental new drug application (sNDA) application of 20 December 2023. Recommended Reports Reports LOA and PTSR Model - Deutetrabenazine in Dyskinesia GlobalData Reports LOA and PTSR Model - (amlodipine + bisoprolol + indapamide + perindopril) GlobalData View all The FDA accepted Calliditas’s sNDA for the drug based on the full data set from the Phase III NefIgArd clinical study (NCT03643965). Patients treated for nine months with Tarpeyo showed a significant reduction of approximately 30%, in the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio compared with the placebo group. The trial also met its primary endpoint of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as the therapy demonstrated a significant kidney protective effect over the placebo. Tarpeyo is an oral glucocorticoid anti-inflammatory agent that suppresses the gut immune system. This allows the drug to reduce proteinuria in adults with primary IgAN at risk of rapid disease progression. The drug was previously being developed under the brand name Nefecon, with the company renaming the novel targeted-release formulation of the drug as Tarpeyo. This formulation comprises a 4mg enteric-coated capsule, designed to remain intact until it reaches the patient’s ileum. In the 18 August press release announcing the priority review, Calliditas’ CEO Renee Aguiar-Lucander said: “The significant eGFR treatment benefit observed across the entire study population provides further evidence that TARPEYO can be disease-modifying, potentially significantly delaying the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation for patients at risk.” IgAN is a kidney disorder caused by a build-up of antibodies in the kidney tissue. This can cause the kidneys to gradually fail, requiring some patients to undergo dialysis, or in severe cases, kidney transplants. The condition mostly develops between the late teens and late 30s. Calliditas is also working with its European partner, STADA Arzneimettel, to push a European Commission approval of the drug under the brand name Kinpeygo, following its 2022 European conditional authorisation . The Sweden-headquartered company also received conditional approval for the treatment from the UK’s Medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency (MHRA) in February 2023. Free Report How is the Biopharmaceutical industry evolving? 2021 was a year of continued innovation and change in the Biopharmaceutical industry. As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to take its toll on businesses worldwide, it’s time to look for new ways to create value, prepare for the future, and remain competitive in the ever-changing landscape. GlobalData’s expansive report examines the business environment and trends that shape the Biopharmaceutical industry. We highlight the most impactful emerging technologies, as well as the industry, regulatory, and macroeconomic factors that influence growth prospects. Access the report to: Benchmark the impact of major themes on the Biopharmaceutical industry. Gain a deeper "on the ground" perspective through exclusive opinions and analysis from industry respondents. 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Our services are intended for corporate subscribers and you warrant that the email address submitted is your corporate email address. Thank you. Please check your email to download the Report.

Clinical ResultPhase 3Drug ApprovalPriority ReviewAccelerated Approval

14 May 2008

·www.pharmatimes.com

POISE study questions value of perioperative beta-blockers

The publication of a large-scale randomised trial with extended-release metoprolol succinate (AstraZeneca’s Toprol XL) has re-ignited a debate over whether the recommended use of beta-blockers to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in people undergoing non-cardiac surgery may be doing more harm than good. The initial results of the PeriOPerative ISchemic Evaluation (POISE) trial led by Dr Philip Devereaux of McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada were presented at an American Heart Association meeting last November. The key finding was that, while perioperative (i.e., around the time of surgery) administration of metoprolol reduced the risk of non-fatal myocardial infarctions (heart attacks) associated with non-cardiac surgery, it also significantly increased the risk of death or stroke. “Patients who would place three times more value on avoiding a perioperative stroke than on avoiding a myocardial infarction, or who are unwilling to accept a probable increase in mortality, are unlikely to want perioperative extended-release metoprolol,” the authors concluded. “Current perioperative guidelines that recommend beta-blocker therapy to patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery should reconsider their recommendations in light of these findings.” Every year more than 100 million adults have non-cardiac surgery and over one million of these are likely to encounter major cardiovascular complications. As the researchers explained, non-cardiac surgery raises levels of catecholamines – hormones released by the adrenal glands in situations of stress. This prompts an increase in heart rate, blood pressure and free fatty acid concentrations, which in turn boosts demand for myocardial oxygen. The theory is that, as beta-blockers attenuate the effects of increased catecholamine levels, they may help to prevent perioperative cardiovascular complications. However, evidence to this effect from clinical trials has so far been patchy. Small non-cardiac surgery trials with atenolol and bisoprolol have suggested that beta-blockers may reduce the occurrence of major cardiovascular events, although these studies have methodological limitations, Devereaux et al noted. On the other hand, recent moderate-sized randomised controlled trials of perioperative beta-blockers in non-cardiac surgery did not show benefit, they added. And a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials involving non-cardiac surgery indicated that beta-blockers may prevent major cardiovascular events but also increase the risk of hypotension and brachycardia. Less MI, more stroke The POISE trial was conducted in 190 hospitals across 23 countries. A total of 8,351 patients with, or at risk of, atherosclerotic disease who were undergoing non-cardiac surgery were randomised to either extended-release metoprolol succinate (4,174 patients) or placebo (4,177). Treatment with metoprolol 100mg was started two to four hours before surgery and continued for 30 days (the dose was raised to metoprolol 200mg per day 12 hours after the first post-operative dose). The primary endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction and non-fatal cardiac arrest. Among the 8,331 patients who completed the 30-day follow-up, the primary endpoint was reached by 244 patients in the metoprolol group and 290 on placebo, a reduced risk of 16% for metoprolol. The risk reduction for myocardial infarction was 27%, with 176 patients in the metoprolol group reaching this endpoint compared with 239 in the placebo group. However, there were more deaths on metoprolol (129) than in the placebo group, an increased risk of 33%. And the risk of stroke was more than doubled in the metoprolol group (41 strokes recorded) versus placebo (19). “Our results suggest that for every 1,000 patients with a similar risk profile undergoing non-cardiac surgery, extended-release metoprolol would prevent 15 patients from having a myocardial infarction, three from undergoing cardiac revascularisation, and seven from developing new clinically significant atrial fibrillation,” the authors noted. “The results also suggest that extended-release metoprolol would result in an excess of eight deaths, five patients having a stroke, 53 experiencing clinically significant hypotension, and 42 experiencing clinically significant bradycardia [slow heart beat] for every 1,000 treated,” they added. Similar conclusions were drawn from a number of meta-analyses of trials involving perioperative beta-blockers that included events within a 30-day follow-up period. Post-hoc multivariate analyses indicated that hypotension may be to blame for the increased risk of stroke seen with beta-blockers in non-cardiac surgery, although identified risk factors explained only half of these events. Risky assumption The paper published in The Lancet highlights “the risk in assuming a perioperative beta-blocker regimen has benefit without substantial harm”, the authors commented. Given the high number of surgical procedures performed and the high risk of cardiovascular complications, “more large trials are needed urgently”, they said. An accompanying comment piece in The Lancet took a more qualified stance, although both authors – Dr Lee Fleisher of the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine in the US and Dr Don Poldermans of the Erasmus Medical Centre in Rotterdam, the Netherlands – had a stake in defending prior recommendations that perioperative beta-blockers should be used in non-cardiac surgery. Specifically, Dr Fleisher was part of an American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association task force that has recommended perioperative beta-blocker therapy in non-cardiac surgery patients at risk of cardiac events. Dr Poldermans was one of the researchers in the DECREASE series of trials, which found that the beta-blocker bisoprolol reduced perioperative cardiac death and myocardial infarction in high-risk patients undergoing major vascular surgery. In their editorial, Fleisher and Poldermans did not dispute the outcomes of the POISE trial but questioned why they should differ so markedly from experience in the non-surgical setting, where beta-blockers are “the cornerstone in the treatment of coronary artery disease, improving survival in patients with angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, peripheral arterial disease and heart failure”. One reason, they suggested, may be the treatment regimens used: for example, in the POISE study the starting dose of metoprolol was 2-8 times the commonly prescribed dose in non-surgical patients. By contrast, in the DECREASE trials the starting dose of bisoprolol was 25% of the maximum daily therapeutic dose in the initial studies and was lowered to 12% in the more recent studies. The initiation time for beta-blocker therapy before surgery could be another important factor, Fleisher and Poldermans said. The incidence of perioperative stroke with a low-dose bisoprolol regimen started at least seven days before surgery in the DECREASE trials was 0.4% out of 3,994 patients, a comparable level to placebo. “The current trial clearly shows that acute administration of higher-dose beta-blocker therapy in the perioperative period is associated with greater risk than benefit, but we believe that the protocol used in the DECREASE studies (low-dose long-acting agents titrated to effect at least seven days in advance) is associated with overall benefit compared to risk,” they commented. The POISE trial was partly supported by AstraZeneca, which has seen Toprol XL sales plummet in the face of generic competition. Using the drug before cardiac surgery is not an approved indication, the company has pointed out.

AHA

100 Deals associated with Bisoprolol

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KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	-	C07AB07	DB00612

R&D Status

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Atrial Fibrillation	JP	TOA Eiyo Ltd.	28 Jun 2013
Essential Hypertension	JP	TOA Eiyo Ltd.	28 Jun 2013

Clinical Result

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Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ESC2021	Not Applicable	Hypertension	200	Bisoprolol 5 mg	sxvmrfklxy(zkvbnqloyz) = sabolpfdld wnperfjryw (iijkzzaark ) View more	-	27 Aug 2021
				Metoprolol-SR 50 mg	sxvmrfklxy(zkvbnqloyz) = hwixcjmivu wnperfjryw (iijkzzaark ) View more
NCT02391337 (RATE-AF, CTgov)	Phase 4	Atrial Fibrillation	161	Bisoprolol (Beta-blocker)	azenteubdf(niayqeojbx) = rrmbzinhfj cdreilrmrs (rrslcvxtdn, qatzsyccab - kplsvbathi) View more	-	16 Jun 2021
				digoxin (Digoxin)	azenteubdf(niayqeojbx) = wqbpjujqnu cdreilrmrs (rrslcvxtdn, kmfhitojxv - vculbcsbcv) View more
NCT03026088 (Biso-CHF, CTgov)	Phase 4	Chronic heart failure	20	Bisoprolol	gmwlkyueao(edbtcwvdmd) = dnbrhviyfc ehkybddnja (wehazrnlsr, kqxttcytij - oquhaserpu) View more	-	29 Jan 2020
ESC2019	Not Applicable	Bradycardia	282	Bisoprolol transdermal patch	ewvqfgcnuf(pwkumppkll) = qxilmvizix ppkzgdkqof (vupuwcfuku )	-	03 Sep 2019
				bisoprolol transdermal patch	ewvqfgcnuf(pwkumppkll) = totmrqswyw ppkzgdkqof (vupuwcfuku )
FC062 (ERA2019)	Not Applicable	Uremia Maintenance	-	Bisoprolol	sbtknmdrzp(ntphhmmvyg): P-Value = 0.96 View more	Positive	13 Jun 2019
				Carvedilol
ESC2018	Not Applicable	Acute Coronary Syndrome CYP3A5 * 1 \| CYP3A5 * 3	102	bisoprolol	ftuawzhunf(teypgrocvp) = omaalbeyio clwaxxcpwi (jcwgybzamb ) View more	-	28 Aug 2018
				bisoprolol	ftuawzhunf(teypgrocvp) = iefgmmuywh clwaxxcpwi (jcwgybzamb ) View more
ISC2018	Not Applicable	Cerebral Hemorrhage	59	i.v. Nicardipine only	ymkigrxogh(lusgyndefk) = bradycardia occurred in three patients of combination treatment group pyqenlcnur (elkalddtev )	-	22 Jan 2018
				Bisoprolol transdermal patch and i.v. Nicardipine
NCT01508325 (CREATIVE, CTgov)	Phase 4	Hypertension	186	Bisoprolol (Bisoprolol)	vbjtduwped(cbyjgotbsv) = htyhfympdu hqczogjfly (jzifaammbf, ccjbqslwmy - sjkbdpvkur) View more	-	13 May 2015
				Metoprolol (Metoprolol)	vbjtduwped(cbyjgotbsv) = pcbahkxkwz hqczogjfly (jzifaammbf, zrteiyvwck - pfaqymfhpl) View more
NCT01066039 (GIANT, CTgov)	Phase 4	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 \| Hypertension	202	Bisoprolol	hgvbluicpt(subotvggqj) = rcagfebohq hxfkadrqch (wuovvxcvzu, smxouqtqcq - xprxfhgljo) View more	-	04 Jul 2014
NCT01190436 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Diabetes Mellitus \| Hypertension	125	Bisoprolol	mytjedrfpc(byomxotant) = vmynbbyntv emtnpyryuu (ulikzudnax, lcogcuipok - fgvpxeuviv) View more	-	23 May 2014

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