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Last update 24 Feb 2025
Amifostine
Last update 24 Feb 2025
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Amifostine (USP), Amifostine anhydrous, Amifostine hydrate + [20] |
Target |
Mechanism TNSALP modulators(Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date US (08 Dec 1995), |
RegulationAccelerated Approval (US), Orphan Drug (US) |
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Structure/Sequence
Molecular FormulaC5H21N2O6PS |
InChIKeyTXQPXJKRNHJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry112901-68-5 |
Related
32
Clinical Trials associated with AmifostineNCT03702985
A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Irinotecan With or Without Amifostine in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT03472352
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anti-cancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors
NCT03474861
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anticancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer
100 Clinical Results associated with Amifostine
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Amifostine
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Amifostine
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1,856
Literatures (Medical) associated with Amifostine04 Mar 2025INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
Screening model in
Caenorhabditis elegans
for radioprotective natural products
Article
Author: Yang, Wenxi ; Chen, Xiaojuan ; Yao, Lan ; Wu, Shuang ; Ma, Baiping ; Zhang, Jie ; Liu, Si ; Song, Juan ; Li, Zhihui ; Liang, Haizhen
PURPOSE:
Ionizing radiation (IR) could induce damage such as DNA damage and oxidative stress. Natural products, like tea, have been demonstrated potential in mitigating these damages. However, the lack of efficient and rapid screening methods for natural products hinders their widespread application. To address this challenge, this study utilized Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as an in vivo model to investigate radioprotective natural products.
METHODS:
L1 stage C. elegans were exposed to X-rays or 60Co γ-rays at varying dosages (20, 50, and 100 Gy), then the growth, reproduction, and lifespan of the nematodes were observed. Different culture and sample-administered modes were tested. Known radioprotective agents, including Amifostine (WR2721), Lycium barbarum extract (LBE), and Trillium tschonoskii fraction (TTF), served as positive controls to validate the reliability of the model. The radioprotective activity of teas with different fermentation degrees was compared based on this screening model.
RESULTS:
A screening model in C. elegans was established by X-rays at 20 Gy. An appropriate sample-administrated approach was investigated, which involves adding the sample to the nematode growth medium (NGM) agar covered with inactivated Escherichia coli 2 h before irradiation. The known radioprotective agents (WR2721, LBE, and TTF) validated that the model is stable. Our results of the model application revealed that teas with lower fermentation levels, such as green tea and oolong tea, particularly the n-butanol and ethyl acetate fractions from oolong tea, exhibited significant radioprotective activity.
CONCLUSIONS:
This study presents an effective in vivo approach for the initial screening of radioprotective natural products.
01 Feb 2025SUPPORTIVE CARE IN CANCER
A systematic review of salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies: prevention strategies
Review
Author: Clark, Haley ; Jaguar, Graziella Chagas ; Van Leeuwen, Stephanie ; Elad, Sharon ; Andabak-Rogulj, Ana ; Fregnani, Eduardo ; Abdalla-Aslan, Ragda ; Hovan, Allan ; Brennan, Michael T ; Saunders, Deborah P ; Peterson, Douglas E ; Wu, Jonn ; Jensen, Siri Beier ; Smith, Derek K ; Laheij, Alexa M G A ; Napeñas, Joel J ; Gueiros, Luiz Alcino ; Kurup, Seema ; Vissink, Arjan ; Mercadante, Valeria ; Lynggaard, Charlotte Duch
Abstract:
Purpose:
This systematic review aimed to assess the updated literature for the prevention of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia induced by non-surgical cancer therapies.
Methods:
Electronic databases of MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) that investigated interventions to prevent salivary gland hypofunction and/or xerostomia. Literature search began from the 2010 systematic review publications from the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer/International Society of Oral Oncology (MASCC/ISOO) up to February 2024. Two independent reviewers extracted information regarding study design, study population, cancer treatment modality, interventions, outcome measures, methods, results, risk of bias (RoB version 2), and conclusions for each article.
Results:
A total of 51 publications addressing preventive interventions were included. Eight RCTs on tissue-sparing radiation modalities were included showing significant lower prevalence of xerostomia, with unclear effect on salivary gland hypofunction. Three RCTs on preventive acupuncture showed reduced prevalence of xerostomia but not of salivary gland hypofunction. Two RCTs on muscarinic agonist stimulation with bethanechol suggested a preventive effect on saliva flow rate and xerostomia in patients undergoing head and neck radiation or radioactive iodine therapy. Two studies on submandibular gland transfer showed higher salivary flow rates compared to pilocarpine and lower prevalence of xerostomia compared to no active intervention. There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of vitamin E, amifostine, photobiomodulation, and miscellaneous preventive interventions.
Conclusion:
This systematic review continues to support the potential of tissue-sparing tecniques and intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) to preserve salivary gland function in patients with head and neck cancer, with limited evidence on other preventive strategies, including acupuncture and bethanecol. Preventive focus should be on optimized and new approaches developed to further reduce radiation dose to the parotid, the submandibular, and minor salivary glands. As these glands are major contributors to moistening of the oral cavity, limiting the radiation dose to the salivary glands through various modalities has demonstrated reduction in prevalence and severity of salivary gland hypofunction and xerostomia. There remains no evidence on preventive approaches for checkpoint inhibitors and other biologicals due to the lack of RCTs.
01 Feb 2025CANCER TREATMENT REVIEWS
Managing strategies of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis
Review
Author: Li, Chunyu ; Chen, Qianming ; Jiang, Yuchen ; Liu, Xiangfei ; Shi, Wenjin ; Qiu, Yan ; Luo, Xiaobo ; Wu, Yuqi
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely employed as primary non-surgical cancer treatments; however, their non-selective cytotoxicity often leads to adverse events such as oral mucositis (OM), particularly in head and neck cancer therapies. International guidelines provide recommendations for managing chemoradiotherapy-induced OM in various clinical contexts. Subsequently, emerging researches have introduced evidence supporting novel approaches or existing regimens for OM prevention and treatment. The repurposing of established drugs has garnered significant interest due to its shorter development timeline, improved safety profiles, and lower costs compared to new drug development. For example, clinical trials assessing established drugs such as melatonin, clonidine, and pentoxifylline indicate promising potential for managing OM. Additionally, several emerging pharmacological interventions have demonstrated considerable efficacy; SAMITAL and rhIL-11 are supported by phase II clinical trials and prospective studies, while probiotics like Streptococcus salivarius K12 and curcumin have shown effectiveness in randomized clinical trials. Furthermore, recent high-level studies have reinforced the efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions, such as photobiomodulation (PBM) and cryotherapy, over the past two years. In all, given the evidence supporting different strategies, PBM and oral cryotherapy are highly recommended for managing OM when feasible. Topical clonidine, melatonin, oral pentoxifylline, topical SAMITAL or rhIL-11, oral SsK12, and curcumin may also be utilized but would benefit from validation in larger trials. Besides, Verbascoside, Palifermin, Amifostine, and Avasopasem manganese can be suggested for OM management, while the side effects should be monitored. The accessibility and cost/effectiveness of specific managing strategies of OM should be considered when selecting appropriate options.
2
News (Medical) associated with Amifostine11 Aug 2023
AcquisitionLicense out/in
10 Aug 2023
AcquisitionRadiation Therapy
100 Deals associated with Amifostine
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00226 | Amifostine |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoprotective Agent | CN | 01 Jan 2001 | |
| Neutropenia | AU | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Xerostomia | AU | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | US | 08 Dec 1995 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head and Neck Neoplasms | Phase 3 | FR | 01 Mar 2001 | |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck | Phase 2 | US | 01 Dec 2006 | |
| Colorectal Cancer | Phase 2 | US | 01 Oct 2006 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | US | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | IL | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Esophagitis | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Pneumonia | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 May 2003 | |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Phase 2 | US | 01 May 2003 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Phase 2 | 4 | ksjgpbiocp(xmwtbgnyqs) = lcjkydphoz mswzcelzeb (qivncdwtqk, zamhfyaapr - nnunofwmau) View more | - | 01 Aug 2023 | |||
Phase 2 | 2 | uwvozehokf(gxvscilnpi) = rblxmgehzs sidfnixgzx (xuogdxvrgf, ybhjhnhbwo - qoqjhzzqei) View more | - | 25 Jan 2022 | |||
Phase 3 | 17 | CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (Placebo) | nbumxyxfle(hwrtvjvnig) = qhymdhwmna eqwtngnimb (sdwmnrvytz, dwveojqbuq - kmqwrvzlas) View more | - | 04 Apr 2017 | ||
(Amifostine) | nbumxyxfle(hwrtvjvnig) = yckyoogrrr eqwtngnimb (sdwmnrvytz, ehlcdfvbog - ykrzmamduk) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 21 | ttgngtwkjk(freczejqgh) = qnxszlqcrz bkuqjfnrkm (tgnvzcjdbm, zfjdhdntxb - lxphuhvkmi) View more | - | 08 Aug 2016 | |||
Not Applicable | 50 | (IMRT) | gqtfosvgbe(qmtqlziwoe) = njzbsumlgd eynzwzvoaq (opgfudyhfz ) View more | Positive | 01 Nov 2010 | ||
Conventional Radiotherapy with Amifostine | gqtfosvgbe(qmtqlziwoe) = aasjhhoqxn eynzwzvoaq (opgfudyhfz ) | ||||||
Phase 2 | 3 | Intensity- Modulated Radiation Therapy+Amifostine | jaclgdghbm(zloevlzkok) = wgoleyvfgg tlhhpsrbzm (bczksrvtbn, kkzwqhpsgk - psaudnpbnl) View more | - | 18 Jan 2010 | ||
Phase 2 | 58 | Carboplatin/paclitaxel + Amifostine | ufjwfcimpp(dscexouhyl) = juabfxvyli cjlvuxbfpe (cknlppqtjg ) | - | 01 Oct 2009 | ||
Not Applicable | - | - | Amifostine 340mg/m^2 | dgbwftqclk(sietcfjtbc) = eugehhmjep zeiozqtryc (aojhmchgre, (0.11 - 0.17)) | - | 01 Sep 2008 | |
Not Applicable | 193 | hbvpsdezrt(yfxsramidq) = qufllvbugc vdoiuyxvze (svlzemuvoy ) View more | Negative | 01 Nov 2007 | |||
Control (no Amifostine) | hbvpsdezrt(yfxsramidq) = ffzbcdnpym vdoiuyxvze (svlzemuvoy ) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | Lung Cancer Consolidation | 44 | zynjbwrowv(cmdznqyytx) = eayfznbahy fabiylseoe (ihhmtnpvjx ) View more | Positive | 01 Nov 2007 | ||
cgnadtfoqm(cfivatcaha) = qsriugjfbl wexgmghptq (wirajktyja ) View more |
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