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Last update 20 Jul 2025
Amifostine
Last update 20 Jul 2025
Overview
Basic Info
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms Amifostine (USP), Amifostine anhydrous, Amifostine hydrate + [20] |
Target |
Action modulators |
Mechanism TNSALP modulators(Alkaline phosphatase, tissue-nonspecific isozyme modulators) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (08 Dec 1995), |
RegulationAccelerated Approval (United States), Orphan Drug (United States) |
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Structure/Sequence
Molecular FormulaC5H21N2O6PS |
InChIKeyTXQPXJKRNHJWAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry112901-68-5 |
Related
42
Clinical Trials associated with AmifostineNCT03702985
A Phase II Trial of Capecitabine and Irinotecan With or Without Amifostine in Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
NCT03474861
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anticancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Gastrointestinal Cancer
NCT03472352
A Combination Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of an Anti-cancer Medication (A01) With Immune Cells (IC01) in Subjects With Advanced Solid Tumors
100 Clinical Results associated with Amifostine
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100 Translational Medicine associated with Amifostine
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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Amifostine
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1,862
Literatures (Medical) associated with Amifostine01 Oct 2025COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
Amifostine-loaded Prussian blue nanoparticles for simultaneous efficient radioprotection and deep decorporation of radiocesium
Article
Author: Xu, Meiyun ; Wang, Boyan ; Hua, Daoben ; Li, Chengqi ; Liu, Yuchen
Radiocesium is highly water-soluble and easily accumulates in agricultural products and seafood. Ingestion of radiocesium results in internal irradiation, significantly increasing the risk of tissue and organ damage as well as carcinogenesis. In this paper, we develop a strategy for simultaneous radioprotection and decorporation of radiocesium by amifostine-loaded Prussian blue (Am@PB) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles are prepared through chemical coordination between amine/phosphate groups of amifostine and Fe (II)/Fe (III) sites of Prussian blue (PB). Am@PB nanoparticles mitigate radiation-induced damage to peripheral blood cells and organs, improving the survival rate of irradiated mice. This is due to the synergistic effects of the nano-enzymatic activity of PB component and the high reducibility of sulfhydryl groups generated through amifostine hydrolysis by alkaline phosphatase. Furthermore, the deep excretion of cesium is achieved via feces along the metabolic pathway of Am@PB, leading to an enhanced decorporation efficiency of over 50 % compared to orally administered commercial PB. This work provides a design strategy for efficient radioprotective decorporation agents with potential applications in the treatment of internal radiocesium contamination.
01 Aug 2025LARYNGOSCOPE
Preventing Hearing Loss in Children Receiving Cisplatin: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Review
Author: Kallenberger, Ethan M. ; Meyer, Ted A. ; White, David R. ; Labadie, Robert F. ; Drawdy, Allyson V. ; Nguyen, Shaun A. ; Briggs, Erin E. ; Dixon, Peter R.
ABSTRACT:
Objective:
Cisplatin‐induced hearing loss leads to significant neurologic, social, and behavioral impairment in children. The goal of this study is to characterize options available to prevent cisplatin‐induced hearing loss and to identify gaps in the literature.
Data Sources:
CINAHL, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Scopus.
Review Methods:
Literature was searched between 1990 and 2024. Studies evaluating interventions to prevent hearing loss in children receiving cisplatin were included. Audiometric data including pure tone threshold, pure tone average, and incidence of hearing loss were extracted from included studies.
Results:
Six studies (N = 760) pertaining to cisplatin‐induced hearing loss in children were included. This includes four randomized control trials (N = 652), one nonrandomized control trial (N = 97) and one prospective cohort study (N = 11). The studies examined sodium thiosulfate or amifostine, both given intravenously. The relative risk of hearing loss between intervention and control groups was 0.78 (95% CI 0.71–0.85). The proportion of patients in the treatment group categorized as grade zero on the Brock ototoxicity grading scale was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than in the control group (36.3% vs. 15.5%). The change in pure tone average after chemotherapy was significantly higher in the control group compared to the intervention group (5.2 vs. −1.2 dB, 95% CI 5.53–7.25).
Conclusions:
These results show mild success in reducing the incidence of hearing loss in children undergoing chemotherapy with cisplatin. However, the literature is limited, and further investigation is warranted.
24 Jun 2025HISTOLOGY AND HISTOPATHOLOGY
Local amifostine administration mitigates chemotherapy-induced esophageal mucosal damage: a novel approach for targeted treatment in a rabbit model.
Article
Author: Li, Yaxing ; Zhang, Junqin ; Wang, Bin
OBJECTIVE:
Effective preventive measures for radiotherapy and chemotherapy-induced esophagitis are currently lacking. This study aims to investigate the local impact of chemotherapeutic agents on normal esophageal tissue and assess the cytoprotective effects of amifostine against chemotherapy-induced esophageal injury.
METHODS:
Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned to the control group, which only received saline; the cisplatin (DDP) group, which received 0.25 mg/ml of the chemotherapeutic drug (DDP); and the combined treatment group, which received pre-treatment with 0.8 mg/ml amifostine followed by 0.25 mg/ml DDP. Each group consisted of eight rabbits. A custom-made balloon device for targeted esophageal drug delivery was inserted into the esophagus, followed by the infusion of DDP and/or amifostine into the created space. After six days, rabbits were euthanized, and esophageal specimens were examined for mucosal damage.
RESULTS:
Macroscopically, compared with the control group, the DDP group exhibited significant thickening, edema, mucosal ulceration, and congestion in the infused esophageal region. Conversely, the combined treatment group showed mild thickening and a smooth or mildly congested mucosal surface. Microscopically, the DDP group displayed extensive mucosal detachment, edema, dilated submucosal blood vessels, and substantial infiltration of inflammatory cells. The combined treatment group exhibited partial mucosal detachment and moderate inflammatory cell infiltration in the submucosal and muscular layers, with few inflammatory cells in the muscle layer.
CONCLUSION:
This study provided evidence that damage caused by the local infusion of DDP might be reduced by pre-treatment of the cytoprotective agent amifostine.
3
News (Medical) associated with Amifostine11 Aug 2023
AcquisitionLicense out/in
10 Aug 2023
AcquisitionRadiation Therapy
13 Feb 2019
AcquisitionLicense out/in
100 Deals associated with Amifostine
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External Link
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00226 | Amifostine |
R&D Status
Approved
10 top approved records. to view more data
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| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cytoprotective Agent | China | 01 Jan 2001 | |
| Neutropenia | Australia | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Xerostomia | Australia | 16 Apr 1998 | |
| Chemotherapy-induced damage | United States | 08 Dec 1995 |
Developing
10 top R&D records. to view more data
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| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck | Phase 3 | France | 01 Mar 2001 | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Dec 2006 | |
| Rectal Cancer | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Oct 2006 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Acute Myeloid Leukemia | Phase 2 | Israel | 01 Jul 2004 | |
| Esophagitis | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Pneumonia | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Unresectable Lung Non-Small Cell Carcinoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Hodgkin's Lymphoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 May 2003 | |
| Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma | Phase 2 | United States | 01 May 2003 |
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Clinical Result
Clinical Result
Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Phase 2 | 4 | lioonsppyk(rwzpjlepot) = ayyxalquej uiricawgcd (dhzwyfnsbk, ozqitfftcv - ztxgarwrum) View more | - | 01 Aug 2023 | |||
Phase 2 | 2 | gynipspgbl = lkxwoikbph txdlqkdcsm (psiswkskbe, sctdnqzybi - nyjhbkixpk) View more | - | 25 Jan 2022 | |||
Phase 2 | 187 | No amifostine | sxbfibuxqh(vvujsfcxro) = erimanpiuh rzigmakewf (gyxybmdhet ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2018 | ||
Everyday regimen of amifostine | sxbfibuxqh(vvujsfcxro) = szlyhjcobb rzigmakewf (gyxybmdhet ) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 17 | CyberKnife stereotactic radiosurgery (Placebo) | ogtsnsgbdl = hyzywwjovg wtffprotsh (kkrvpwaika, mhiluflokp - jaopnaoapo) View more | - | 04 Apr 2017 | ||
(Amifostine) | ogtsnsgbdl = rldkdzfqyv wtffprotsh (kkrvpwaika, sltdqptbwq - mpopjbzezn) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 21 | udrkxqrchp = rijzzhnump wqfukqqznb (iemoenshsn, zacxghsgui - pfakasspfr) View more | - | 08 Aug 2016 | |||
Phase 1/2 | 45 | Intracavitary brachytherapy+cisplatin (Radiation Therapy Plus Cisplatin) | xaeeqeccak = jdbeymvtad wknbfjsdzs (cjfmkmjntm, zkvdzaqrvh - xjytmvznbh) View more | - | 07 Jan 2015 | ||
(Radiation Therapy Plus Cisplatin and Amifostine) | bnkbvizjga = swhkldqslf gvdfucuwyv (ucfssetlwb, rqvhyxjzjm - clxeigsfjl) | ||||||
Phase 3 | 130 | (Arm I (High Dose Melphalan, Amifostine Trihydrate, Transplant)) | mmflzrsncq = fldhqaxdko knzhdpbmjm (sotgfzywnd, cxcojjegya - oebmrnbehq) View more | - | 19 Sep 2014 | ||
(Arm II (Low Dose Melphalan, Amifostine Trihydrate, Transplant)) | mmflzrsncq = slyxuhvsta knzhdpbmjm (sotgfzywnd, wzppyqxlwd - whpmbxziek) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 30 | Radiation therapy+Amifostine trihydrate | lqnfvnbbfs = sndgvqvjnq lnhtshcfor (fwisrdgihu, wwomhrthxy - mpjsbjsiie) View more | - | 29 Mar 2012 | ||
Phase 2 | 41 | therapeutic dietary intervention (Arm IA) | xwsswdwvjh = ekujvgccmn afmsckigkn (tfyoxmaqrz, txkicjgpaj - diexpwcsnc) View more | - | 08 Dec 2011 | ||
therapeutic dietary intervention (Arm IB) | xwsswdwvjh = ycgqutvolg afmsckigkn (tfyoxmaqrz, rtsakmbkfc - dczeisgogk) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 50 | (IMRT) | jmvvavfppv(fehnzalawf) = ffsofdmhxi ahggsebyoe (cpibvuwptw ) View more | Positive | 01 Nov 2010 | ||
Conventional Radiotherapy with Amifostine | jmvvavfppv(fehnzalawf) = meezqueifm ahggsebyoe (cpibvuwptw ) |
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