Cisplatin

BERLIN, Oct. 20, 2025 /PRNewswire/ -- At the 2025 European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress, a Phase III clinical study on disitamab vedotin plus toripalimab versus chemotherapy as first-line treatment for HER2-expressing locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (RC48-C016) sponsored by RemeGen Co., Ltd. was presented at the Presidential Symposium by Professor Jun Guo from Beijing Cancer Hospital. It's the first time a research led by Chinese scholars in the field of urological oncology has ever been selected in this honorable session. The full manuscript was simultaneously published online in The New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM). This marks the first time that the results of a Chinese evidence-based medical research in the field of urothelial carcinoma have been recognized by both an authoritative international academic conference and a top-tier journal. The results showed that the RC48-C016 study met the dual primary endpoints of Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). The Blinded Independent Central Review (BICR)-assessed median PFS reached 13.1 months, and the median OS reached 31.5 months, demonstrating both statistical and clinical significance. The RC48-C016 trial is by now the only randomized controlled study from China providing high-level evidence for HER2-ADC as a first-line treatment of HER2-expressing (IHC 1+/2+/3+) locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC). The results garnered high attention and sparked lively discussion among global scholars upon release. Comprehensive Superiority: Meeting Both PFS and OS Primary Endpoints On the afternoon of October 19 (local time), a pivotal moment arrived at the ESMO Congress: Professor Guo Jun, the principal investigator of the RC48-C016 study, delivered a featured oral presentation at the Presidential Symposium, unveiling the breakthrough results globally for the first time. The RC48-C016 study is a randomized controlled, multi-center, phase III clinical trial. It compares the efficacy and safety of disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab versus gemcitabine combined with cisplatin or carboplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) who have not received systemic treatment and have HER2 expression (HER2 IHC 1+/2+/3+). The study was initiated in June 2022, with 76 clinical research centers across the country participating, and a total of 484 patients were enrolled. The dual primary endpoints of the study are PFS and OS, and the secondary endpoints include objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety, etc. Results as of March 31, 2025, showed: Regarding PFS, the median PFS in the disitamab vedotin combination group reached 13.1 months, more than doubling the 6.5 months in the chemotherapy group and reducing the risk of disease progression or death by 64% (Hazard Ratio [HR] =0.36, 95% CI: 0.28 - 0.46, P < 0.0001). The OS data were equally exciting. In this interim survival analysis, the median OS in the disitamab vedotin combination group was 31.5 months, compared to 16.9 months in the platinum-based chemotherapy group. The delayed disease progression has been well translated into long-term survival benefit as the overall survival time almost doubled as compared to chemotherapy, with a 46% reduction in the risk of death (HR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.41 - 0.73, P < 0.0001). Regarding tumor response, the ORR assessed by BICR reached 76.1% in the disitamab vedotin combination group, far exceeding the 50.2% in the chemotherapy group. For disease control, the DCR in the disitamab vedotin combination group reached 91.4%, significantly higher than the 77.6% in the chemotherapy group. In key subgroup analyses, significant improvements in median PFS and median OS were observed in the disitamab vedotin combination group compared to the platinum-based chemotherapy across subgroups, regardless of cisplatin eligibility, HER2 expression status, or primary tumor site. Furthermore, the combination regimen demonstrated a better safety profile. The overall incidence of Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events was only 55.1% in the disitamab vedotin combination group, significantly lower than the 86.9% in the chemotherapy group. "This is the world's first large-scale Phase III randomized controlled clinical study in the first-line treatment of HER2-expressing Chinese mUC patients, which demonstrated that HER2-ADC combined with immunotherapy was superior to standard platinum-based chemotherapy, potentially establishing the combination therapy of disitamab vedotin and immunotherapy as the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced HER2-expressing mUC. This not only signifies that China's innovative drug development is leading transformations in cancer treatment globally but also provides critical rationale for exploring similar combination strategies in treating other cancers." As Professor Guo Jun commented, the result of the RC48-C016 study confirmed that the efficacy of disitamab vedotin + toripalimab combination regimen surpassed that of traditional chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced mUC, potentially marking a major shift in the treatment landscape for urothelial carcinoma. It promotes innovation in Chinese diagnostic and treatment pathways while providing valuable evidence for global clinical practice. During the subsequent expert commentary session, Professor Andrea Necchi from Italy's IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital spoke highly of RC48-C016 study. He pointed out that the study represents a significant breakthrough in the treatment of HER2-positive urothelial carcinoma. Compared to chemotherapy, the combination therapy of disitamab vedotin and toripalimab significantly improves patients' PFS and OS, demonstrating substantial statistical significance and clinical value, thereby offering a novel treatment option for this patient population. Precision Treatment, Benefiting the Full Spectrum of HER2-Expressing Population (IHC 1+/2+/3+) Urothelial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system, representing a significant area of clinical unmet need. Chinese researchers have been at the forefront of exploring HER2-ADC therapy for UC. The HER2-ADC disitamab vedotin was first approved in China in 2021 for the treatment of HER2-overexpressing (IHC 2+/3+) advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma, demonstrating excellent efficacy and consistent safety with that observed in prior clinical trials. RC48-C016 study prospectively extended its clinical design to the full HER2-expressing population (IHC 1+/2+/3+). Among 765 patients tested for HER2, 632 patients had HER2-expressing characteristics (IHC 1+/2+/3+), accounting for approximately 82.6% of the tested population. The study enrolled 484 patients, who were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to groups. Stratification factors were pre-specified in the study design, primarily including cisplatin eligibility, HER2 expression status (IHC 1+ vs. IHC 2+/3+), and presence of visceral metastasis. The results showed that the efficacy observed in the disitamab vedotin plus toripalimab regimen were consistent across all pre-specified subgroups. Regardless of HER2 expression status, cisplatin eligibility, or whether the tumor originated in the upper or lower urinary tract, disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab significantly improved PFS and OS compared to chemotherapy, robustly demonstrating its benefit for the full demonstrating its benefit for the full HER2-expressing population (IHC 1+/2+/3+) with urothelial carcinoma. "The significant survival benefit achieved by disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab is not subject to the level of HER2 expression or cisplatin eligibility status, delivering benefit to populations with different characteristics," Professor Guo Jun stated, noting that its benefit for the full HER2-expressing population (IHC 1+/2+/3+) is one of the most groundbreaking findings of this study. Disitamab Vedotin Combined with Immunotherapy, Establishing a New Benchmark in UC First-Line Treatment Undoubtedly, RC48-C016 study is a milestone in the global first-line treatment landscape for advanced urothelial carcinoma, signifying a fundamental shift in the treatment paradigm for HER2-expressing patients: Firstly, RC48-C016 study is the world's first Phase III head-to-head trial to demonstrate that the combination of HER2-ADC and immunotherapy is significantly superior to traditional platinum-based chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of HER2-expressing (IHC 1+/2+/3+) advanced urothelial carcinoma. The release of its outstanding data on PFS, OS, ORR, and safety provides strong decision-making basis for clinicians, which will promote this combination to become a new first-line treatment standard for Chinese mUC patients and is expected to rewrite clinical guidelines. Secondly, the study successfully implements the concept of precision medicine in urothelial carcinoma based on significant biomarker characteristics. By extending the beneficiary population from the traditional HER2-high (IHC 2+/3+) to the full HER2-expressing (IHC 1+/2+/3+) population, it enables over 80% of urothelial carcinoma patients to potentially benefit significantly from this treatment regimen. In the current clinical practice in China where HER2 routine detection in urothelial carcinoma has been achieved, the study provides a preferred precise treatment plan for the majority of patients and precise basis for anti-HER2 treatment, promoting a comprehensive upgrade in the global treatment concept and strategy for urothelial carcinoma and leading the continuous exploration of this combination therapy in different disease stages of urothelial carcinoma. Thirdly, this combination regimen substantially reduces the toxicity associated with traditional platinum-based chemotherapy, significantly improving patient treatment tolerance and compliance, and providing a foundation for subsequent continuous therapy, achieving an optimized balance between tumor control, long-term survival, and quality of life. Since its marketing four years ago, disitamab vedotin, relying on its outstanding efficacy, has achieved a progress from late-line to first-line treatment in the field of urothelial carcinoma, comprehensively breaking through the bottlenecks of traditional chemotherapy and continuously expanding the boundaries of its clinical value. The revelation of RC48-C016 study data once again demonstrates its huge clinical treatment potential. Based on the breakthrough results of the RC48-C016 study, RemeGen Co., Ltd. submitted a New Drug Application (NDA) in China in July of this year for the new indication of disitamab vedotin combined with toripalimab for the first-line treatment of HER2-expressing locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. This will not only address domestic clinical needs but also holds the potential to become a "Chinese Solution" influencing the global treatment landscape. It is believed that with extended follow-up, disitamab vedotin will continue to yield clinical benefit data for broader treatment prospects. SOURCE RemeGen Co., Ltd WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

October 20, 2025 8:45 am EDT Five-year exploratory follow-up analysis of KEYNOTE-671 continued to show clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival and event-free survival with KEYTRUDA plus chemotherapy before surgery, and then continued as a single agent after surgery Eight and 10-year findings from analyses of KEYNOTE-001, KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 show that KEYTRUDA monotherapy continued to improve survival for certain patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC, supporting its role as a standard of care Results presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2025 RAHWAY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Merck (NYSE: MRK), known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, today announced new long-term data highlighting the sustained survival benefits of KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab), Merck’s anti-PD-1 therapy, in treating non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The results are based on the exploratory five-year analyses of KEYNOTE-671 evaluating KEYTRUDA as part of a neoadjuvant followed by adjuvant (perioperative) treatment regimen for patients with resectable NSCLC; and the eight-year analyses of KEYNOTE-024 and -042 and the 10-year analyses of KEYNOTE-001 and -010 evaluating KEYTRUDA as monotherapy in certain patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC. “These long-term data mark a milestone for patients and their families and build upon the transformative progress we’ve already made in non-small cell lung cancer,” said Dr. Marjorie Green, senior vice president and head of oncology, global clinical development, Merck Research Laboratories. “Across the spectrum of earlier to advanced stages of disease, these results support the long-term survival benefit of KEYTRUDA in certain patients with NSCLC. We look forward to continued advancements and possibilities for KEYTRUDA in cancer treatment." In the exploratory five-year follow-up data from the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-671 trial, KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery continued to show clinically meaningful improvements in overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) outcomes in certain patients with resectable stage II, IIIA or IIIB NSCLC, compared to neoadjuvant placebo plus chemotherapy followed by adjuvant placebo alone. The hazard ratio (HR) for OS for the KEYTRUDA regimen versus the chemotherapy-placebo regimen was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.59-0.92). For EFS, the HR for the KEYTRUDA regimen versus the chemotherapy-placebo regimen was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.48-0.69). “The five-year benefit demonstrated across overall survival and event-free survival from KEYNOTE-671 supports the continued use of this pembrolizumab-based perioperative regimen as a standard of care for patients with resectable, earlier-stage non-small cell lung cancer,” said Dr. Heather Wakelee, principal investigator for KEYNOTE-671, thoracic medical oncologist. “These consistent results are impactful, as they reflect the importance of intervening for certain patients with earlier stages of non-small cell lung cancer.” Wakelee is also a professor of medicine at Stanford Medicine. In the exploratory eight-year analyses from KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 and the exploratory 10-year analyses from KEYNOTE-001 and KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA continued to improve OS in patients with locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC compared to chemotherapy. In KEYNOTE-001, the median OS for patients receiving KEYTRUDA was 13.2 months (95% CI, 10.5-15.3) in those with any Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) and a median OS of 17.3 months (95% CI,13.7-24.8) in those with a TPS ≥50%. KEYNOTE-001 did not compare KEYTRUDA to another agent or placebo. In KEYNOTE-010, the median OS for patients receiving KEYTRUDA with a TPS ≥1% was 11.8 months (95% CI, 10.3-13.0) versus 8.3 months (95% CI, 7.5-9.5) for chemotherapy (HR=0.66 [95% CI, 0.58-0.76]). For patients receiving KEYTRUDA, with a TPS ≥50%, the median OS was 16.6 months (95% CI, 12.1-21.2) versus 8.2 months (95% CI, 6.4-9.8) for chemotherapy (HR=0.55 [95% CI, 0.44-0.68]). In KEYNOTE-024, the median OS for patients receiving KEYTRUDA with a TPS ≥50% was 26.3 months (95% CI,18.3-40.4) versus 13.4 months (95% CI, 9.4-18.3) for chemotherapy (HR=0.65 [95% CI, 0.50-0.83]). In KEYNOTE-042, the median OS for patients receiving KEYTRUDA with a TPS ≥1% was 16.4 months (95% CI, 14.0-19.6) versus 12.1 months (95% CI, 11.3-13.3) for chemotherapy (HR=0.78 [95% CI, 0.69-0.88]). For patients receiving KEYTRUDA with a TPS ≥50%, the median OS was 20.0 months (95% CI, 15.9-24.2) versus 12.2 months (95% CI, 10.4-14.6) for chemotherapy (HR=0.70 [95% CI, 0.59-0.83]). Participants from KEYNOTE-001, KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 who achieved a complete response after taking KEYTRUDA and then had progressive disease were eligible for a subsequent anti-cancer therapy including a second course of KEYTRUDA monotherapy. Additional details about the study designs and results from KEYNOTE-671, KEYNOTE-001, KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042, including selected results of previously reported primary analyses, are described below. “Historically, patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer faced a poor prognosis, with long-term survival considered unlikely,” said Edward B. Garon, MD, MS, professor of medicine, principal investigator for KEYNOTE-001, David Geffen School of Medicine, the University of California, Los Angeles. “The long-term results from these four trials show that pembrolizumab has helped change what certain patients with advanced NSCLC can hope to achieve.” To date, KEYTRUDA monotherapy or combination regimens have demonstrated sustained survival benefits of five years or more across multiple types of cancer, including certain types of metastatic NSCLC (KEYNOTE-189, KEYNOTE-407), melanoma (KEYNOTE-006, KEYNOTE-054), advanced head and neck (KEYNOTE-048), bladder (KEYNOTE-045) and endometrial (KEYNOTE-775) cancers. The late-breaking five-year data from KEYNOTE-671 were presented during a mini oral session at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2025 (Presentation #LBA67). The eight-year data from KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 and 10-year data from KEYNOTE-001 and KEYNOTE-010 were presented during a poster session at the ESMO Congress 2025 (Presentation #3208P). Study design and additional five-year data from KEYNOTE-671 KEYNOTE-671 is a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT03425643) evaluating KEYTRUDA in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by surgery and continued adjuvant treatment with KEYTRUDA as a single agent, versus placebo plus neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by resection and adjuvant placebo, in patients with resectable stage II, IIIA or IIIB (T3-4N2) NSCLC (per the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] Cancer Staging Manual). The trial’s dual primary endpoints are EFS and OS. Key secondary endpoints include pathologic complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (mPR). The study enrolled 797 patients who were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either: KEYTRUDA (200 mg intravenously [IV] every three weeks) plus chemotherapy (cisplatin [75 mg/m 2, IV; given on Day 1 of each cycle] and either gemcitabine [1,000 mg/m 2, IV; given on Days 1 and 8 of each cycle] or pemetrexed [500 mg/m 2, IV; given on Day 1 of each cycle]) for up to four cycles as neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery. Within 4-12 weeks following surgery, KEYTRUDA (200 mg) was administered every three weeks for up to 13 cycles, or; Placebo (saline IV every three weeks) plus chemotherapy (cisplatin [75 mg/m 2, IV; given on Day 1 of each cycle] and either gemcitabine [1,000 mg/m 2, IV; given on Days 1 and 8 of each cycle] or pemetrexed [500 mg/m 2, IV; given on Day 1 of each cycle]) for up to four cycles as neoadjuvant therapy prior to surgery. Within 4‑12 weeks following surgery, placebo was administered every three weeks for up to 13 cycles. After a median follow-up of 60.4 months (range, 42.6-85.8), the five-year OS rate was 64.6% (95% CI, 59.5%-69.2%) for the KEYTRUDA regimen versus 53.6% (95% CI, 48.3%-58.6%) for the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. Median OS was not reached (NR) (95% CI, NR-NR) for patients who received the KEYTRUDA regimen versus 70.7 months (95% CI, 53.7-NR) for patients who received the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. The five-year EFS rate was 49.9% (95% CI, 44.6%-55.0%) for the KEYTRUDA regimen versus 26.5% (95% CI, 21.7%-31.5%) for the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. Median EFS was 57.1 months (95% CI, 38.0-NR) for patients who received the KEYTRUDA regimen versus 18.4 months (95% CI, 14.8-22.1) for patients who received the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. At the five-year follow-up analysis, Grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) occurred in 45.2% of patients receiving the KEYTRUDA regimen and 37.8% of patients receiving the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. Grade ≥3 immune-mediated adverse events (AEs) and infusion reactions occurred in 6.3% of patients receiving the KEYTRUDA regimen and 1.8% of patients receiving the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. At the study’s previously reported primary analysis, KEYNOTE-671 showed that treatment with the KEYTRUDA regimen reduced the risk of death by 28% (HR=0.72 [95% CI, 0.56-0.93]; p=0.0103) versus the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. For patients who received the KEYTRUDA regimen, median OS was not reached (95% CI, NR-NR) versus 52.4 months (95% CI, 45.7-NR) for patients who received the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. Additionally, the KEYTRUDA regimen reduced the risk of EFS events by 42% (HR=0.58 [95% CI, 0.46-0.72]; p<0.0001) versus the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. For patients who received the KEYTRUDA regimen, median EFS was not reached (95% CI, 34.1-NR) versus 17.0 months (95% CI, 14.3-22.0) for patients who received the chemotherapy-placebo regimen. Long-term follow-up data from exploratory analyses of KEYNOTE-001, KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 In KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA continued to improve OS compared to chemotherapy. In these studies, data showed KEYTRUDA improved OS compared to chemotherapy in patients whose tumors expressed PD-L1 (TPS ≥50%). Overall survival results from these long-term follow-up analyses showed: KEYTRUDA Chemotherapy KEYNOTE-001a,b,c Any TPS n/N = 54/550 N/A 10y OS rate (95% CI), % 11.3% (8.5%-14.5%) N/A Median OS (95% CI), months 13.2 (10.5-15.3) N/A TPS ≥50% n/N = 25/165 N/A 10y OS rate 19.3% (13.1%-26.5%) N/A Median OS (95% CI), months 17.3 (13.7-24.8) N/A KEYNOTE-010b,d TPS ≥1% n/N = 53/690 n/N = 9/343 10y OS rate 9.3% (7.0%-12.1%) 1.9% (0.7%-4.6%) Median OS (95% CI), months 11.8 (10.3-13.0) 8.3 (7.5-9.5) HR (95% CI) 0.66 (0.58–0.76) TPS ≥50% n/N = 35/290 n/N = 6/152 10y OS rate 15.5% (11.1%-20.5%) 2.7% (0.7%-7.4%) Median OS (95% CI), months 16.6 (12.1-21.2) 8.2 (6.4-9.8) HR (95% CI) 0.55 (0.44-0.68) KEYNOTE-024a TPS ≥50% n/N = 36/154 n/N = 14/151 8y OS rate 24.3% (17.6%-31.5%) 12.8% (7.6%-19.3%) Median OS (95% CI), months 26.3 (18.3-40.4) 13.4 (9.4-18.3) HR (95% CI) 0.65 (0.50-0.83) KEYNOTE-042a TPS ≥1% n/N = 66/637 n/N = 27/637 8y OS rate 12.0% (9.5%-14.8%) 4.7% (3.1%-6.9%) Median OS (95% CI), months 16.4 (14.0-19.6) 12.1 (11.3-13.3) HR (95% CI) 0.78 (0.69-0.88) TPS ≥50% n/N = 41/299 n/N = 13/300 8y OS rate 16.6% (12.5%-21.1%) 6.8% (4.1%-10.5%) Median OS (95% CI), months 20.0 (15.9-24.2) 12.2 (10.4-14.6) HR (95% CI) 0.70 (0.59-0.83) n/N, number of patients in KEYNOTE-587/number of patients in parent study. afirst-line therapy bsecond-line+ therapy cIn KEYNOTE-001, KEYTRUDA was not compared to any other agent or placebo. dtwo doses of pembrolizumab treatment were combined for these analyses Limited additional lung cancer-specific deaths occurred since the previously reported five-year data across all four trials. At the conclusion of these initial studies, participants were eligible to transition to the KEYNOTE-587 extension study for long-term follow-up. The primary endpoint for KEYNOTE-587 is OS. For patients in KEYNOTE-587, the median time from first treatment in KEYNOTE-001 or randomization in KEYNOTE-010, KEYNOTE-024 and KEYNOTE-042 to data cutoff was 124.6 months (range, 118.5-142.2), 115 months (range, 108.8-124.6), 106.4 months (range, 102.4-114.3) and 99 months (range, 86.6-110.2), respectively. Study design and additional data from KEYNOTE-001 Ten-year outcomes for KEYTRUDA were measured in the Phase 1b KEYNOTE-001 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01295827), which evaluated 550 patients with treatment-naïve or previously treated advanced NSCLC. Patients received 2 mg/kg IV of KEYTRUDA every three weeks or 10 mg/kg IV of KEYTRUDA every two weeks or every three weeks. The primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR) and secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and OS. At the study’s previously reported primary analysis, KEYNOTE-001 showed that KEYTRUDA demonstrated an ORR of 41% in patients with a TPS ≥50%; all responses were partial responses (95% CI, 29-54). Of the patients who responded, 84% continued to respond to treatment with KEYTRUDA, including 11 patients with ongoing responses of six months or longer. Study design and additional data from KEYNOTE-010 Ten-year outcomes for KEYTRUDA were measured in the Phase 2/3 KEYNOTE-010 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT01905657), which evaluated patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors expressed PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) that had progressed after platinum-containing chemotherapy and, if appropriate, targeted therapy for EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. The trial enrolled 1,033 patients who were randomized (1:1:1) to receive 2 mg/kg IV or 10 mg/kg IV of KEYTRUDA every three weeks or chemotherapy (docetaxel) every three weeks. The primary endpoints for this trial were OS and PFS, and secondary endpoints included ORR and duration of response (DOR). At the study’s previously reported primary analysis, KEYNOTE-010 showed that 2 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 29% (HR=0.71 [95% CI, 0.58-0.88]; p<0.001), and 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 39% (HR=0.61 [95% CI, 0.49-0.75]; p<0.001) in patients with a TPS ≥1% versus chemotherapy. Two mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 12% (HR=0.88 [95% CI, 0.73-1.04]; p=0.068) and 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 21% (HR=0.79 [95% CI, 0.66-0.94]; p=0.005) in patients with a TPS ≥1% versus chemotherapy. Additionally, the analysis showed that 2 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 46% (HR=0.54 [95% CI, 0.38-0.77]; p<0.001), and 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 50% (HR=0.50 [95% CI, 0.36-0.70]; p<0.001) in patients with a TPS ≥50% versus chemotherapy. Two mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 42% (HR=0.58 [95% CI, 0.43-0.77]; p<0.001), and 10 mg/kg of KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 41% (HR=0.59 [95% CI, 0.45-0.78]; p<0.001) in patients with a TPS ≥50% versus chemotherapy. Study design and additional data from KEYNOTE-024 Eight-year outcomes for KEYTRUDA were measured in the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-024 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02142738), which evaluated patients with previously untreated metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express high levels of PD-L1 (TPS ≥50%) with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. The trial enrolled 305 patients who were randomized (1:1) to receive 200 mg of KEYTRUDA every three weeks or platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint for this trial was PFS, and secondary endpoints included OS and ORR. In this study, 10.3% (209) of patients transitioned to KEYNOTE-587. At the study’s previously reported primary analysis, KEYNOTE-024 showed that KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 50% (HR=0.50 [95% CI, 0.37-0.68]; p<0.001) versus chemotherapy. Additionally, KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 40% (HR=0.60 [95% CI, 0.41-0.89]; p=0.005) versus chemotherapy. Study design and additional data from KEYNOTE-042 Eight-year outcomes for KEYTRUDA were measured in the Phase 3 KEYNOTE-042 trial (ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT02220894), which evaluated patients with stage III NSCLC who were not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic NSCLC, and whose tumors expressed PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) and who had not received prior systemic treatment for metastatic NSCLC. The trial enrolled 1,251 patients who were randomized (1:1) to receive 200 mg of KEYTRUDA every three weeks or platinum-based chemotherapy. The primary endpoint for this trial was OS in patients with a TPS ≥50%, ≥20% or ≥1% and secondary endpoints included PFS and ORR as assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR) according to RECIST v1.1 in patients with a TPS ≥50%, ≥20% or ≥1%. In this study, 4.4% (50) of patients transitioned to KEYNOTE-587. At the study’s previously reported primary analysis, KEYNOTE-042 showed that KEYTRUDA reduced the risk of death by 31% (HR=0.69 [95% CI, 0.56-0.85]; p=0.0006) in patients with a TPS ≥50% and by 19% (HR=0.81 [95% CI, 0.71-0.93]; p=0.0036) in patients with a TPS ≥1% versus chemotherapy. Median OS was 20.0 months (95% CI, 15.4-24.9) for KEYTRUDA in patients with a TPS ≥50% versus 12.2 months (95% CI, 10.4-14.2) for chemotherapy, and 16.7 months (95% CI, 13.9-19.7) for KEYTRUDA in patients with a TPS ≥1% versus 12.1 months (95% CI, 11.3-13.3) for chemotherapy. About lung cancer Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. In 2022 alone, there were approximately 2.4 million new cases and 1.8 million deaths from lung cancer globally. Non-small cell lung cancer is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 80% of all cases. In 2025, the overall five-year survival rate for patients diagnosed with lung cancer was 27% in the United States. Improved survival rates are due, in part, to earlier detection and screening, reduction in smoking, advances in diagnostic and surgical procedures, as well as the introduction of new therapies. Early detection and screening remain an important unmet need, as 44% of lung cancer cases are not found until they are advanced. About Merck’s research in lung cancer Merck is advancing research aimed at transforming the way lung cancer is treated, with a goal of improving outcomes for patients affected by this deadly disease. Through nearly 200 clinical trials evaluating more than 36,000 patients around the world, Merck is at the forefront of lung cancer research. In NSCLC, KEYTRUDA has six approved U.S. indications and is approved for advanced disease in more than 95 countries. Among Merck’s research efforts are trials focused on evaluating KEYTRUDA in earlier stages of lung cancer as well as identifying new combinations and coformulations with KEYTRUDA. About Merck’s early-stage cancer clinical program Finding cancer at an earlier stage may give patients a greater chance of long-term survival. Many cancers are considered most treatable and potentially curable in their earliest stage of disease. Building on the strong understanding of the role of KEYTRUDA in later-stage cancers, Merck is evaluating our portfolio of medicines and pipeline candidates in earlier disease states, with approximately 30 ongoing registrational studies across multiple types of cancer. About KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) injection, 100 mg KEYTRUDA is an anti-programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) therapy that works by increasing the ability of the body’s immune system to help detect and fight tumor cells. KEYTRUDA is a humanized monoclonal antibody that blocks the interaction between PD-1 and its ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, thereby activating T lymphocytes which may affect both tumor cells and healthy cells. Merck has the industry’s largest immuno-oncology clinical research program. There are currently more than 1,600 trials studying KEYTRUDA across a wide variety of cancers and treatment settings. The KEYTRUDA clinical program seeks to understand the role of KEYTRUDA across cancers and the factors that may predict a patient's likelihood of benefitting from treatment with KEYTRUDA, including exploring several different biomarkers. Selected KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) Indications in the U.S. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations. KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic squamous NSCLC. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with NSCLC expressing PD-L1 [Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) ≥1%] as determined by an FDA-approved test, with no EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations, and is: Stage III where patients are not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, or metastatic. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC whose tumors express PD-L1 (TPS ≥1%) as determined by an FDA-approved test, with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Patients with EGFR or ALK genomic tumor aberrations should have disease progression on FDA-approved therapy for these aberrations prior to receiving KEYTRUDA. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with resectable (tumors ≥4 cm or node positive) NSCLC in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated as adjuvant treatment following resection and platinum-based chemotherapy for adult patients with Stage IB (T2a ≥4 cm), II, or IIIA NSCLC. See additional selected KEYTRUDA indications in the U.S. after the Selected Important Safety Information. Selected Important Safety Information for KEYTRUDA Severe and Fatal Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions KEYTRUDA is a monoclonal antibody that belongs to a class of drugs that bind to either the programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) or the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, thereby removing inhibition of the immune response, potentially breaking peripheral tolerance and inducing immune-mediated adverse reactions. Immune-mediated adverse reactions, which may be severe or fatal, can occur in any organ system or tissue, can affect more than one body system simultaneously, and can occur at any time after starting treatment or after discontinuation of treatment. Important immune-mediated adverse reactions listed here may not include all possible severe and fatal immune-mediated adverse reactions. Monitor patients closely for symptoms and signs that may be clinical manifestations of underlying immune-mediated adverse reactions. Early identification and management are essential to ensure safe use of anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Evaluate liver enzymes, creatinine, and thyroid function at baseline and periodically during treatment. For patients with TNBC treated with KEYTRUDA in the neoadjuvant setting, monitor blood cortisol at baseline, prior to surgery, and as clinically indicated. In cases of suspected immune-mediated adverse reactions, initiate appropriate workup to exclude alternative etiologies, including infection. Institute medical management promptly, including specialty consultation as appropriate. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity of the immune-mediated adverse reaction. In general, if KEYTRUDA requires interruption or discontinuation, administer systemic corticosteroid therapy (1 to 2 mg/kg/day prednisone or equivalent) until improvement to Grade 1 or less. Upon improvement to Grade 1 or less, initiate corticosteroid taper and continue to taper over at least 1 month. Consider administration of other systemic immunosuppressants in patients whose adverse reactions are not controlled with corticosteroid therapy. Immune-Mediated Pneumonitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated pneumonitis. The incidence is higher in patients who have received prior thoracic radiation. Immune-mediated pneumonitis occurred in 3.4% (94/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including fatal (0.1%), Grade 4 (0.3%), Grade 3 (0.9%), and Grade 2 (1.3%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 67% (63/94) of patients. Pneumonitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 1.3% (36) and withholding in 0.9% (26) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 23% had recurrence. Pneumonitis resolved in 59% of the 94 patients. Pneumonitis occurred in 8% (31/389) of adult patients with cHL receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grades 3-4 in 2.3% of patients. Patients received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 2 days to 53 months). Pneumonitis rates were similar in patients with and without prior thoracic radiation. Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 5.4% (21) of patients. Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 42% interrupted KEYTRUDA, 68% discontinued KEYTRUDA, and 77% had resolution. Pneumonitis occurred in 7% (41/580) of adult patients with resected NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent for adjuvant treatment of NSCLC, including fatal (0.2%), Grade 4 (0.3%), and Grade 3 (1%) adverse reactions. Patients received high-dose corticosteroids for a median duration of 10 days (range: 1 day to 2.3 months). Pneumonitis led to discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 26 (4.5%) of patients. Of the patients who developed pneumonitis, 54% interrupted KEYTRUDA, 63% discontinued KEYTRUDA, and 71% had resolution. Immune-Mediated Colitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated colitis, which may present with diarrhea. Cytomegalovirus infection/reactivation has been reported in patients with corticosteroid-refractory immune-mediated colitis. In cases of corticosteroid-refractory colitis, consider repeating infectious workup to exclude alternative etiologies. Immune-mediated colitis occurred in 1.7% (48/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (1.1%), and Grade 2 (0.4%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 69% (33/48); additional immunosuppressant therapy was required in 4.2% of patients. Colitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.5% (15) and withholding in 0.5% (13) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 23% had recurrence. Colitis resolved in 85% of the 48 patients. Hepatotoxicity and Immune-Mediated Hepatitis KEYTRUDA as a Single Agent KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hepatitis. Immune-mediated hepatitis occurred in 0.7% (19/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.4%), and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 68% (13/19) of patients; additional immunosuppressant therapy was required in 11% of patients. Hepatitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.2% (6) and withholding in 0.3% (9) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, none had recurrence. Hepatitis resolved in 79% of the 19 patients. KEYTRUDA With Axitinib KEYTRUDA in combination with axitinib can cause hepatic toxicity. Monitor liver enzymes before initiation of and periodically throughout treatment. Consider monitoring more frequently as compared to when the drugs are administered as single agents. For elevated liver enzymes, interrupt KEYTRUDA and axitinib, and consider administering corticosteroids as needed. With the combination of KEYTRUDA and axitinib, Grades 3 and 4 increased alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (20%) and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (13%) were seen at a higher frequency compared to KEYTRUDA alone. Fifty-nine percent of the patients with increased ALT received systemic corticosteroids. In patients with ALT ≥3 times upper limit of normal (ULN) (Grades 2-4, n=116), ALT resolved to Grades 0-1 in 94%. Among the 92 patients who were rechallenged with either KEYTRUDA (n=3) or axitinib (n=34) administered as a single agent or with both (n=55), recurrence of ALT ≥3 times ULN was observed in 1 patient receiving KEYTRUDA, 16 patients receiving axitinib, and 24 patients receiving both. All patients with a recurrence of ALT ≥3 ULN subsequently recovered from the event. Immune-Mediated Endocrinopathies Adrenal Insufficiency KEYTRUDA can cause primary or secondary adrenal insufficiency. For Grade 2 or higher, initiate symptomatic treatment, including hormone replacement as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Adrenal insufficiency occurred in 0.8% (22/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.3%), and Grade 2 (0.3%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 77% (17/22) of patients; of these, the majority remained on systemic corticosteroids. Adrenal insufficiency led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) and withholding in 0.3% (8) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Hypophysitis KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated hypophysitis. Hypophysitis can present with acute symptoms associated with mass effect such as headache, photophobia, or visual field defects. Hypophysitis can cause hypopituitarism. Initiate hormone replacement as indicated. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Hypophysitis occurred in 0.6% (17/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.3%), and Grade 2 (0.2%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 94% (16/17) of patients; of these, the majority remained on systemic corticosteroids. Hypophysitis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.1% (4) and withholding in 0.3% (7) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Thyroid Disorders KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated thyroid disorders. Thyroiditis can present with or without endocrinopathy. Hypothyroidism can follow hyperthyroidism. Initiate hormone replacement for hypothyroidism or institute medical management of hyperthyroidism as clinically indicated. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Thyroiditis occurred in 0.6% (16/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 2 (0.3%). None discontinued, but KEYTRUDA was withheld in <0.1% (1) of patients. Hyperthyroidism occurred in 3.4% (96/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (0.1%) and Grade 2 (0.8%). It led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (2) and withholding in 0.3% (7) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Hypothyroidism occurred in 8% (237/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (0.1%) and Grade 2 (6.2%). It led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) and withholding in 0.5% (14) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. The majority of patients with hypothyroidism required long-term thyroid hormone replacement. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 1185 patients with HNSCC, occurring in 16% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent or in combination with platinum and FU, including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 389 adult patients with cHL (17%) receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, including Grade 1 (6.2%) and Grade 2 (10.8%) hypothyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hyperthyroidism was higher in 580 patients with resected NSCLC, occurring in 11% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent as adjuvant treatment, including Grade 3 (0.2%) hyperthyroidism. The incidence of new or worsening hypothyroidism was higher in 580 patients with resected NSCLC, occurring in 22% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent as adjuvant treatment (KEYNOTE-091), including Grade 3 (0.3%) hypothyroidism. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), Which Can Present With Diabetic Ketoacidosis Monitor patients for hyperglycemia or other signs and symptoms of diabetes. Initiate treatment with insulin as clinically indicated. Withhold KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Type 1 DM occurred in 0.2% (6/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. It led to permanent discontinuation in <0.1% (1) and withholding of KEYTRUDA in <0.1% (1) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement. Immune-Mediated Nephritis With Renal Dysfunction KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated nephritis. Immune-mediated nephritis occurred in 0.3% (9/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 4 (<0.1%), Grade 3 (0.1%), and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 89% (8/9) of patients. Nephritis led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in 0.1% (3) and withholding in 0.1% (3) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, none had recurrence. Nephritis resolved in 56% of the 9 patients. Immune-Mediated Dermatologic Adverse Reactions KEYTRUDA can cause immune-mediated rash or dermatitis. Exfoliative dermatitis, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms, and toxic epidermal necrolysis, has occurred with anti– PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Topical emollients and/or topical corticosteroids may be adequate to treat mild to moderate nonexfoliative rashes. Withhold or permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA depending on severity. Immune-mediated dermatologic adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% (38/2799) of patients receiving KEYTRUDA, including Grade 3 (1%) and Grade 2 (0.1%) reactions. Systemic corticosteroids were required in 40% (15/38) of patients. These reactions led to permanent discontinuation in 0.1% (2) and withholding of KEYTRUDA in 0.6% (16) of patients. All patients who were withheld reinitiated KEYTRUDA after symptom improvement; of these, 6% had recurrence. The reactions resolved in 79% of the 38 patients. Other Immune-Mediated Adverse Reactions The following clinically significant immune-mediated adverse reactions occurred at an incidence of <1% (unless otherwise noted) in patients who received KEYTRUDA or were reported with the use of other anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Severe or fatal cases have been reported for some of these adverse reactions. Cardiac/Vascular: Myocarditis, pericarditis, vasculitis; Nervous System: Meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis and demyelination, myasthenic syndrome/myasthenia gravis (including exacerbation), Guillain-Barré syndrome, nerve paresis, autoimmune neuropathy; Ocular: Uveitis, iritis and other ocular inflammatory toxicities can occur. Some cases can be associated with retinal detachment. Various grades of visual impairment, including blindness, can occur. If uveitis occurs in combination with other immune-mediated adverse reactions, consider a Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada-like syndrome, as this may require treatment with systemic steroids to reduce the risk of permanent vision loss; Gastrointestinal: Pancreatitis, to include increases in serum amylase and lipase levels, gastritis, duodenitis; Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue: Myositis/polymyositis, rhabdomyolysis (and associated sequelae, including renal failure), arthritis (1.5%), polymyalgia rheumatica; Endocrine: Hypoparathyroidism; Hematologic/Immune: Hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi lymphadenitis), sarcoidosis, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, solid organ transplant rejection, other transplant (including corneal graft) rejection. Infusion-Related Reactions KEYTRUDA can cause severe or life-threatening infusion-related reactions, including hypersensitivity and anaphylaxis, which have been reported in 0.2% of 2799 patients receiving KEYTRUDA. Monitor for signs and symptoms of infusion-related reactions. Interrupt or slow the rate of infusion for Grade 1 or Grade 2 reactions. For Grade 3 or Grade 4 reactions, stop infusion and permanently discontinue KEYTRUDA. Complications of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) Fatal and other serious complications can occur in patients who receive allogeneic HSCT before or after anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments. Transplant-related complications include hyperacute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), acute and chronic GVHD, hepatic veno-occlusive disease after reduced intensity conditioning, and steroid-requiring febrile syndrome (without an identified infectious cause). These complications may occur despite intervening therapy between anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments and allogeneic HSCT. Follow patients closely for evidence of these complications and intervene promptly. Consider the benefit vs risks of using anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatments prior to or after an allogeneic HSCT. Increased Mortality in Patients With Multiple Myeloma In trials in patients with multiple myeloma, the addition of KEYTRUDA to a thalidomide analogue plus dexamethasone resulted in increased mortality. Treatment of these patients with an anti–PD-1/PD-L1 treatment in this combination is not recommended outside of controlled trials. Embryofetal Toxicity Based on its mechanism of action, KEYTRUDA can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman. Advise women of this potential risk. In females of reproductive potential, verify pregnancy status prior to initiating KEYTRUDA and advise them to use effective contraception during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose. Adverse Reactions In KEYNOTE-006, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 9% of 555 patients with advanced melanoma; adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation in more than one patient were colitis (1.4%), autoimmune hepatitis (0.7%), allergic reaction (0.4%), polyneuropathy (0.4%), and cardiac failure (0.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA were fatigue (28%), diarrhea (26%), rash (24%), and nausea (21%). In KEYNOTE-054, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent to patients with stage III melanoma, KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 509 patients; the most common (≥1%) were pneumonitis (1.4%), colitis (1.2%), and diarrhea (1%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 25% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA. The most common adverse reaction (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA was diarrhea (28%). In KEYNOTE-716, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent to patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma, adverse reactions occurring in patients with stage IIB or IIC melanoma were similar to those occurring in 1011 patients with stage III melanoma from KEYNOTE-054. In KEYNOTE-189, when KEYTRUDA was administered with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy in metastatic nonsquamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 20% of 405 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis (3%) and acute kidney injury (2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA were nausea (56%), fatigue (56%), constipation (35%), diarrhea (31%), decreased appetite (28%), rash (25%), vomiting (24%), cough (21%), dyspnea (21%), and pyrexia (20%). In KEYNOTE-407, when KEYTRUDA was administered with carboplatin and either paclitaxel or paclitaxel protein-bound in metastatic squamous NSCLC, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 101 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were febrile neutropenia, pneumonia, and urinary tract infection. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-407 were similar to those observed in KEYNOTE-189 with the exception that increased incidences of alopecia (47% vs 36%) and peripheral neuropathy (31% vs 25%) were observed in the KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy arm compared to the placebo and chemotherapy arm in KEYNOTE-407. In KEYNOTE-042, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 19% of 636 patients with advanced NSCLC; the most common were pneumonitis (3%), death due to unknown cause (1.6%), and pneumonia (1.4%). The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia (7%), pneumonitis (3.9%), pulmonary embolism (2.4%), and pleural effusion (2.2%). The most common adverse reaction (≥20%) was fatigue (25%). In KEYNOTE-010, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 682 patients with metastatic NSCLC; the most common was pneumonitis (1.8%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were decreased appetite (25%), fatigue (25%), dyspnea (23%), and nausea (20%). In KEYNOTE-671, adverse reactions occurring in patients with resectable NSCLC receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy, given as neoadjuvant treatment and continued as single-agent adjuvant treatment, were generally similar to those occurring in patients in other clinical trials across tumor types receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy. The most common adverse reactions (reported in ≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy were fatigue/asthenia, nausea, constipation, diarrhea, decreased appetite, rash, vomiting, cough, dyspnea, pyrexia, alopecia, peripheral neuropathy, mucosal inflammation, stomatitis, headache, weight loss, abdominal pain, arthralgia, myalgia, insomnia, palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia, urinary tract infection, hypothyroidism, radiation skin injury, dysphagia, dry mouth, and musculoskeletal pain. In the neoadjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-671, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, serious adverse reactions occurred in 34% of 396 patients. The most frequent (≥2%) serious adverse reactions were pneumonia (4.8%), venous thromboembolism (3.3%), and anemia (2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.3% of patients, including death due to unknown cause (0.8%), sepsis (0.3%), and immune-mediated lung disease (0.3%). Permanent discontinuation of any study drug due to an adverse reaction occurred in 18% of patients who received KEYTRUDA in combination with platinum-containing chemotherapy; the most frequent adverse reactions (≥1%) that led to permanent discontinuation of any study drug were acute kidney injury (1.8%), interstitial lung disease (1.8%), anemia (1.5%), neutropenia (1.5%), and pneumonia (1.3%). Of the KEYTRUDA-treated patients who received neoadjuvant treatment, 6% of 396 patients did not receive surgery due to adverse reactions. The most frequent (≥1%) adverse reaction that led to cancellation of surgery in the KEYTRUDA arm was interstitial lung disease (1%). In the adjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-671, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent as adjuvant treatment, serious adverse reactions occurred in 14% of 290 patients. The most frequent serious adverse reaction was pneumonia (3.4%). One fatal adverse reaction of pulmonary hemorrhage occurred. Permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 12% of patients who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent, given as adjuvant treatment; the most frequent adverse reactions (≥1%) that led to permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were diarrhea (1.7%), interstitial lung disease (1.4%), increased aspartate aminotransferase (1%), and musculoskeletal pain (1%). Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-091 were generally similar to those occurring in other patients with NSCLC receiving KEYTRUDA as a single agent, with the exception of hypothyroidism (22%), hyperthyroidism (11%), and pneumonitis (7%). Two fatal adverse reactions of myocarditis occurred. Adverse reactions observed in KEYNOTE-483 were generally similar to those occurring in other patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy. In KEYNOTE-689, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA were stomatitis (48%), radiation skin injury (40%), weight loss (36%), fatigue (33%), dysphagia (29%), constipation (27%), hypothyroidism (26%), nausea (24%), rash (22%), dry mouth (22%), diarrhea (22%), and musculoskeletal pain (22%). In the neoadjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-689, of the 361 patients who received at least one dose of single agent KEYTRUDA, 11% experienced serious adverse reactions. Serious adverse reactions that occurred in more than one patient were pneumonia (1.4%), tumor hemorrhage (0.8%), dysphagia (0.6%), immune-mediated hepatitis (0.6%), cellulitis (0.6%), and dyspnea (0.6%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.1% of patients, including respiratory failure, clostridium infection, septic shock, and myocardial infarction (one patient each). Permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 2.8% of patients who received KEYTRUDA as neoadjuvant treatment. The most frequent adverse reaction which resulted in permanent discontinuation of neoadjuvant KEYTRUDA in more than one patient was arthralgia (0.6%). Of the 361 patients who received KEYTRUDA as neoadjuvant treatment, 11% did not receive surgery. Surgical cancellation on the KEYTRUDA arm was due to disease progression in 4%, patient decision in 3%, adverse reactions in 1.4%, physician’s decision in 1.1%, unresectable tumor in 0.6%, loss of follow-up in 0.3%, and use of non-study anti-cancer therapy in 0.3%. Of the 323 KEYTRUDA-treated patients who received surgery following the neoadjuvant phase, 1.2% experienced delay of surgery (defined as on-study surgery occurring ≥9 weeks after initiation of neoadjuvant KEYTRUDA) due to adverse reactions, and 2.8% did not receive adjuvant treatment due to adverse reactions. In the adjuvant phase of KEYNOTE-689, of the 255 patients who received at least one dose of KEYTRUDA, 38% experienced serious adverse reactions. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in ≥1% of KEYTRUDA- treated patients were pneumonia (2.7%), pyrexia (2.4%), stomatitis (2.4%), acute kidney injury (2.0%), pneumonitis (1.6%), COVID-19 (1.2%), death not otherwise specified (1.2%), diarrhea (1.2%), dysphagia (1.2%), gastrostomy tube site complication (1.2%), and immune-mediated hepatitis (1.2%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 5% of patients, including death not otherwise specified (1.2%), acute renal failure (0.4%), hypercalcemia (0.4%), pulmonary hemorrhage (0.4%), dysphagia/malnutrition (0.4%), mesenteric thrombosis (0.4%), sepsis (0.4%), pneumonia (0.4%), COVID-19 (0.4%), respiratory failure (0.4%), cardiovascular disorder (0.4%), and gastrointestinal hemorrhage (0.4%). Permanent discontinuation of adjuvant KEYTRUDA due to an adverse reaction occurred in 17% of patients. The most frequent (≥1%) adverse reactions that led to permanent discontinuation of adjuvant KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis, colitis, immune-mediated hepatitis, and death not otherwise specified. In KEYNOTE-048, KEYTRUDA monotherapy was discontinued due to adverse events in 12% of 300 patients with HNSCC; the most common adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were sepsis (1.7%) and pneumonia (1.3%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (33%), constipation (20%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-048, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with platinum (cisplatin or carboplatin) and FU chemotherapy, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 16% of 276 patients with HNSCC. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonia (2.5%), pneumonitis (1.8%), and septic shock (1.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were nausea (51%), fatigue (49%), constipation (37%), vomiting (32%), mucosal inflammation (31%), diarrhea (29%), decreased appetite (29%), stomatitis (26%), and cough (22%). In KEYNOTE-012, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 17% of 192 patients with HNSCC. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of patients. The most frequent serious adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients were pneumonia, dyspnea, confusional state, vomiting, pleural effusion, and respiratory failure. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue, decreased appetite, and dyspnea. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with HNSCC were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy, with the exception of increased incidences of facial edema and new or worsening hypothyroidism. In KEYNOTE-204, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 14% of 148 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 30% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; those ≥1% were pneumonitis, pneumonia, pyrexia, myocarditis, acute kidney injury, febrile neutropenia, and sepsis. Three patients died from causes other than disease progression: 2 from complications after allogeneic HSCT and 1 from unknown cause. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were upper respiratory tract infection (41%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), diarrhea (22%), and pyrexia, fatigue, rash, and cough (20% each). In KEYNOTE-087, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 5% of 210 patients with cHL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 16% of patients; those ≥1% were pneumonia, pneumonitis, pyrexia, dyspnea, GVHD, and herpes zoster. Two patients died from causes other than disease progression: 1 from GVHD after subsequent allogeneic HSCT and 1 from septic shock. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (26%), pyrexia (24%), cough (24%), musculoskeletal pain (21%), diarrhea (20%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-170, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 53 patients with PMBCL. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 26% of patients and included arrhythmia (4%), cardiac tamponade (2%), myocardial infarction (2%), pericardial effusion (2%), and pericarditis (2%). Six (11%) patients died within 30 days of start of treatment. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were musculoskeletal pain (30%), upper respiratory tract infection and pyrexia (28% each), cough (26%), fatigue (23%), and dyspnea (21%). In KEYNOTE-A39, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with enfortumab vedotin to patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer (n=440), fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.9% of patients, including acute respiratory failure (0.7%), pneumonia (0.5%), and pneumonitis/ILD (0.2%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin; the serious adverse reactions in ≥2% of patients were rash (6%), acute kidney injury (5%), pneumonitis/ILD (4.5%), urinary tract infection (3.6%), diarrhea (3.2%), pneumonia (2.3%), pyrexia (2%), and hyperglycemia (2%). Permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA occurred in 27% of patients. The most common adverse reactions (≥2%) resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA were pneumonitis/ILD (4.8%) and rash (3.4%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) occurring in patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin were rash (68%), peripheral neuropathy (67%), fatigue (51%), pruritus (41%), diarrhea (38%), alopecia (35%), weight loss (33%), decreased appetite (33%), nausea (26%), constipation (26%), dry eye (24%), dysgeusia (21%), and urinary tract infection (21%). In KEYNOTE-052, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 370 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 42% of patients; those ≥2% were urinary tract infection, hematuria, acute kidney injury, pneumonia, and urosepsis. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (24%), decreased appetite (22%), constipation (21%), rash (21%), and diarrhea (20%). In KEYNOTE-045, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 266 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.9%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of KEYTRUDA-treated patients; those ≥2% were urinary tract infection, pneumonia, anemia, and pneumonitis. The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients who received KEYTRUDA were fatigue (38%), musculoskeletal pain (32%), pruritus (23%), decreased appetite (21%), nausea (21%), and rash (20%). In KEYNOTE-057, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 11% of 148 patients with high-risk NMIBC. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was pneumonitis (1.4%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 28% of patients; those ≥2% were pneumonia (3%), cardiac ischemia (2%), colitis (2%), pulmonary embolism (2%), sepsis (2%), and urinary tract infection (2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (29%), diarrhea (24%), and rash (24%). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR CRC were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-158 and KEYNOTE-164, adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. In KEYNOTE-811, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3 patients who received KEYTRUDA in combination with trastuzumab and CAPOX (capecitabine plus oxaliplatin) or FP (5-FU plus cisplatin) and included pneumonitis in 2 patients and hepatitis in 1 patient. KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 13% of 350 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma. Adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA in ≥1% of patients were pneumonitis (2.0%) and pneumonia (1.1%). In the KEYTRUDA arm vs placebo, there was a difference of ≥5% incidence between patients treated with KEYTRUDA vs standard of care for diarrhea (53% vs 47%), rash (35% vs 28%), hypothyroidism (11% vs 5%), and pneumonia (11% vs 5%). In KEYNOTE-859, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, serious adverse reactions occurred in 45% of 785 patients. Serious adverse reactions in >2% of patients included pneumonia (4.1%), diarrhea (3.9%), hemorrhage (3.9%), and vomiting (2.4%). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 8% of patients who received KEYTRUDA, including infection (2.3%) and thromboembolism (1.3%). KEYTRUDA was permanently discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) were infections (1.8%) and diarrhea (1.0%). The most common adverse reactions (reported in ≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were peripheral neuropathy (47%), nausea (46%), fatigue (40%), diarrhea (36%), vomiting (34%), decreased appetite (29%), abdominal pain (26%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome (25%), constipation (22%), and weight loss (20%). In KEYNOTE-590, when KEYTRUDA was administered with cisplatin and fluorouracil to patients with metastatic or locally advanced esophageal or GEJ (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma who were not candidates for surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 15% of 370 patients. The most common adverse reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) were pneumonitis (1.6%), acute kidney injury (1.1%), and pneumonia (1.1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) with KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were nausea (67%), fatigue (57%), decreased appetite (44%), constipation (40%), diarrhea (36%), vomiting (34%), stomatitis (27%), and weight loss (24%). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with esophageal cancer who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-A18, when KEYTRUDA was administered with CRT (cisplatin plus external beam radiation therapy [EBRT] followed by brachytherapy [BT]) to patients with FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA cervical cancer, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.4% of 294 patients, including 1 case each (0.3%) of large intestinal perforation, urosepsis, sepsis, and vaginal hemorrhage. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 34% of patients; those ≥1% included urinary tract infection (3.1%), urosepsis (1.4%), and sepsis (1%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued for adverse reactions in 9% of patients. The most common adverse reaction (≥1%) resulting in permanent discontinuation was diarrhea (1%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with CRT, the most common adverse reactions (≥10%) were nausea (56%), diarrhea (51%), urinary tract infection (35%), vomiting (34%), fatigue (28%), hypothyroidism (23%), constipation (20%), weight loss (19%), decreased appetite (18%), pyrexia (14%), abdominal pain and hyperthyroidism (13% each), dysuria and rash (12% each), back and pelvic pain (11% each), and COVID-19 (10%). In KEYNOTE-826, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with paclitaxel and cisplatin or paclitaxel and carboplatin, with or without bevacizumab (n=307), to patients with persistent, recurrent, or first-line metastatic cervical cancer regardless of tumor PD-L1 expression who had not been treated with chemotherapy except when used concurrently as a radio-sensitizing agent, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 4.6% of patients, including 3 cases of hemorrhage, 2 cases each of sepsis and due to unknown causes, and 1 case each of acute myocardial infarction, autoimmune encephalitis, cardiac arrest, cerebrovascular accident, femur fracture with perioperative pulmonary embolus, intestinal perforation, and pelvic infection. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 50% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab; those ≥3% were febrile neutropenia (6.8%), urinary tract infection (5.2%), anemia (4.6%), and acute kidney injury and sepsis (3.3% each). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 15% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation (≥1%) was colitis (1%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA, chemotherapy, and bevacizumab (n=196), the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were peripheral neuropathy (62%), alopecia (58%), anemia (55%), fatigue/asthenia (53%), nausea and neutropenia (41% each), diarrhea (39%), hypertension and thrombocytopenia (35% each), constipation and arthralgia (31% each), vomiting (30%), urinary tract infection (27%), rash (26%), leukopenia (24%), hypothyroidism (22%), and decreased appetite (21%). For patients treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab, the most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were peripheral neuropathy (58%), alopecia (56%), fatigue (47%), nausea (40%), diarrhea (36%), constipation (28%), arthralgia (27%), vomiting (26%), hypertension and urinary tract infection (24% each), and rash (22%). In KEYNOTE-158, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 8% of 98 patients with previously treated recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 39% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; the most frequent included anemia (7%), fistula, hemorrhage, and infections [except urinary tract infections] (4.1% each). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were fatigue (43%), musculoskeletal pain (27%), diarrhea (23%), pain and abdominal pain (22% each), and decreased appetite (21%). In KEYNOTE-394, KEYTRUDA was discontinued due to adverse reactions in 13% of 299 patients with previously treated hepatocellular carcinoma. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA was ascites (2.3%). The most common adverse reactions in patients receiving KEYTRUDA (≥10%) were pyrexia (18%), rash (18%), diarrhea (16%), decreased appetite (15%), pruritus (12%), upper respiratory tract infection (11%), cough (11%), and hypothyroidism (10%). In KEYNOTE-966, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, KEYTRUDA was discontinued for adverse reactions in 15% of 529 patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer. The most common adverse reaction resulting in permanent discontinuation of KEYTRUDA (≥1%) was pneumonitis (1.3%). Adverse reactions leading to the interruption of KEYTRUDA occurred in 55% of patients. The most common adverse reactions or laboratory abnormalities leading to interruption of KEYTRUDA (≥2%) were decreased neutrophil count (18%), decreased platelet count (10%), anemia (6%), decreased white blood cell count (4%), pyrexia (3.8%), fatigue (3.0%), cholangitis (2.8%), increased ALT (2.6%), increased AST (2.5%), and biliary obstruction (2.3%). In KEYNOTE-017 and KEYNOTE-913, adverse reactions occurring in patients with MCC (n=105) were generally similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. In KEYNOTE-426, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with axitinib, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 3.3% of 429 patients. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 40% of patients, the most frequent (≥1%) were hepatotoxicity (7%), diarrhea (4.2%), acute kidney injury (2.3%), dehydration (1%), and pneumonitis (1%). Permanent discontinuation due to an adverse reaction occurred in 31% of patients; KEYTRUDA only (13%), axitinib only (13%), and the combination (8%); the most common were hepatotoxicity (13%), diarrhea/colitis (1.9%), acute kidney injury (1.6%), and cerebrovascular accident (1.2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were diarrhea (56%), fatigue/asthenia (52%), hypertension (48%), hepatotoxicity (39%), hypothyroidism (35%), decreased appetite (30%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (28%), nausea (28%), stomatitis/mucosal inflammation (27%), dysphonia (25%), rash (25%), cough (21%), and constipation (21%). In KEYNOTE-564, when KEYTRUDA was administered as a single agent for the adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma, serious adverse reactions occurred in 20% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; the serious adverse reactions (≥1%) were acute kidney injury, adrenal insufficiency, pneumonia, colitis, and diabetic ketoacidosis (1% each). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 0.2% including 1 case of pneumonia. Discontinuation of KEYTRUDA due to adverse reactions occurred in 21% of 488 patients; the most common (≥1%) were increased ALT (1.6%), colitis (1%), and adrenal insufficiency (1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) were musculoskeletal pain (41%), fatigue (40%), rash (30%), diarrhea (27%), pruritus (23%), and hypothyroidism (21%). In KEYNOTE-868, when KEYTRUDA was administered in combination with chemotherapy (paclitaxel and carboplatin) to patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma (n=382), serious adverse reactions occurred in 35% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy, compared to 19% of patients receiving placebo in combination with chemotherapy (n=377). Fatal adverse reactions occurred in 1.6% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy, including COVID-19 (0.5%) and cardiac arrest (0.3%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued for an adverse reaction in 14% of patients. Adverse reactions occurring in patients treated with KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy were generally similar to those observed with KEYTRUDA alone or chemotherapy alone, with the exception of rash (33% all Grades; 2.9% Grades 3-4). Adverse reactions occurring in patients with MSI-H or dMMR endometrial carcinoma who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with TMB-H cancer were similar to those occurring in patients with other solid tumors who received KEYTRUDA as a single agent. Adverse reactions occurring in patients with recurrent or metastatic cSCC or locally advanced cSCC were similar to those occurring in patients with melanoma or NSCLC who received KEYTRUDA as a monotherapy. In KEYNOTE-522, when KEYTRUDA was administered with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (carboplatin and paclitaxel followed by doxorubicin or epirubicin and cyclophosphamide) followed by surgery and continued adjuvant treatment with KEYTRUDA as a single agent (n=778) to patients with newly diagnosed, previously untreated, high-risk early-stage TNBC, fatal adverse reactions occurred in 0.9% of patients, including 1 each of adrenal crisis, autoimmune encephalitis, hepatitis, pneumonia, pneumonitis, pulmonary embolism, and sepsis in association with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and myocardial infarction. Serious adverse reactions occurred in 44% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA; those ≥2% were febrile neutropenia (15%), pyrexia (3.7%), anemia (2.6%), and neutropenia (2.2%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 20% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common reactions (≥1%) resulting in permanent discontinuation were increased ALT (2.7%), increased AST (1.5%), and rash (1%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA were fatigue (70%), nausea (67%), alopecia (61%), rash (52%), constipation (42%), diarrhea and peripheral neuropathy (41% each), stomatitis (34%), vomiting (31%), headache (30%), arthralgia (29%), pyrexia (28%), cough (26%), abdominal pain (24%), decreased appetite (23%), insomnia (21%), and myalgia (20%). In KEYNOTE-355, when KEYTRUDA and chemotherapy (paclitaxel, paclitaxel protein-bound, or gemcitabine and carboplatin) were administered to patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC who had not been previously treated with chemotherapy in the metastatic setting (n=596), fatal adverse reactions occurred in 2.5% of patients, including cardio-respiratory arrest (0.7%) and septic shock (0.3%). Serious adverse reactions occurred in 30% of patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy; the serious reactions in ≥2% were pneumonia (2.9%), anemia (2.2%), and thrombocytopenia (2%). KEYTRUDA was discontinued in 11% of patients due to adverse reactions. The most common reactions resulting in permanent discontinuation (≥1%) were increased ALT (2.2%), increased AST (1.5%), and pneumonitis (1.2%). The most common adverse reactions (≥20%) in patients receiving KEYTRUDA in combination with chemotherapy were fatigue (48%), nausea (44%), alopecia (34%), diarrhea and constipation (28% each), vomiting and rash (26% each), cough (23%), decreased appetite (21%), and headache (20%). Lactation Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in breastfed children, advise women not to breastfeed during treatment and for 4 months after the last dose. Pediatric Use In KEYNOTE-051, 173 pediatric patients (65 pediatric patients aged 6 months to younger than 12 years and 108 pediatric patients aged 12 years to 17 years) were administered KEYTRUDA 2 mg/kg every 3 weeks. The median duration of exposure was 2.1 months (range: 1 day to 25 months). Adverse reactions that occurred at a ≥10% higher rate in pediatric patients when compared to adults were pyrexia (33%), leukopenia (30%), vomiting (29%), neutropenia (28%), headache (25%), abdominal pain (23%), thrombocytopenia (22%), Grade 3 anemia (17%), decreased lymphocyte count (13%), and decreased white blood cell count (11%). Geriatric Use Of the 564 patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin, 44% (n=247) were 65-74 years and 26% (n=144) were 75 years or older. No overall differences in safety or effectiveness were observed between patients 65 years of age or older and younger patients. Patients 75 years of age or older treated with KEYTRUDA in combination with enfortumab vedotin experienced a higher incidence of fatal adverse reactions than younger patients. The incidence of fatal adverse reactions was 4% in patients younger than 75 and 7% in patients 75 years or older. Additional Selected KEYTRUDA Indications in the U.S. Melanoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma. KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of adult and pediatric (12 years and older) patients with Stage IIB, IIC, or III melanoma following complete resection. Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma KEYTRUDA, in combination with pemetrexed and platinum chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with unresectable advanced or metastatic malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Head and Neck Squamous Cell Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with resectable locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) whose tumors express PD-L1 [Combined Positive Score (CPS) ≥1] as determined by an FDA-approved test, as a single agent as neoadjuvant treatment, continued as adjuvant treatment in combination with radiotherapy (RT) with or without cisplatin and then as a single agent. KEYTRUDA, in combination with platinum and fluorouracil (FU), is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the first-line treatment of patients with metastatic or with unresectable, recurrent HNSCC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNSCC with disease progression on or after platinum-containing chemotherapy. Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients with refractory cHL, or cHL that has relapsed after 2 or more lines of therapy. Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with refractory primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), or who have relapsed after 2 or more prior lines of therapy. KEYTRUDA is not recommended for treatment of patients with PMBCL who require urgent cytoreductive therapy. Urothelial Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with enfortumab vedotin, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma: who are not eligible for any platinum-containing chemotherapy, or who have disease progression during or following platinum-containing chemotherapy or within 12 months of neoadjuvant or adjuvant treatment with platinum-containing chemotherapy. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive, high-risk, non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with carcinoma in situ (CIS) with or without papillary tumors who are ineligible for or have elected not to undergo cystectomy. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. Microsatellite Instability-High or Mismatch Repair Deficient Colorectal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with unresectable or metastatic MSI-H or dMMR colorectal cancer (CRC) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Gastric Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with trastuzumab, fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, in combination with fluoropyrimidine- and platinum-containing chemotherapy, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adults with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic HER2-negative gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥ 1) as determined by an FDA approved test. Esophageal Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) (tumors with epicenter 1 to 5 centimeters above the GEJ) carcinoma that is not amenable to surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation either: in combination with platinum- and fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy for patients with tumors that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥ ), or as a single agent after one or more prior lines of systemic therapy for patients with tumors of squamous cell histology that express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Cervical Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemoradiotherapy (CRT), is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced cervical cancer involving the lower third of the vagina, with or without extension to pelvic sidewall, or hydronephrosis/non-functioning kidney, or spread to adjacent pelvic organs (FIGO 2014 Stage III-IVA). KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab, is indicated for the treatment of patients with persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer with disease progression on or after chemotherapy whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥1) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Hepatocellular Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) secondary to hepatitis B who have received prior systemic therapy other than a PD-1/PD-L1-containing regimen. Biliary Tract Cancer KEYTRUDA, in combination with gemcitabine and cisplatin, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer (BTC). Merkel Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with recurrent locally advanced or metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC). Renal Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with axitinib, is indicated for the first-line treatment of adult patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). KEYTRUDA is indicated for the adjuvant treatment of patients with RCC at intermediate-high or high risk of recurrence following nephrectomy, or following nephrectomy and resection of metastatic lesions. Endometrial Carcinoma KEYTRUDA, in combination with carboplatin and paclitaxel, followed by KEYTRUDA as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with primary advanced or recurrent endometrial carcinoma. KEYTRUDA, as a single agent, is indicated for the treatment of adult patients with advanced endometrial carcinoma that is MSI-H or dMMR, as determined by an FDA-approved test, who have disease progression following prior systemic therapy in any setting and are not candidates for curative surgery or radiation. Tumor Mutational Burden-High Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients with unresectable or metastatic tumor mutational burden-high (TMB-H) [≥10 mutations/megabase (mut/Mb)] solid tumors, as determined by an FDA-approved test, that have progressed following prior treatment and who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options. This indication is approved under accelerated approval based on tumor response rate and durability of response. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification and description of clinical benefit in the confirmatory trials. The safety and effectiveness of KEYTRUDA in pediatric patients with TMB-H central nervous system cancers have not been established. Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with recurrent or metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) or locally advanced cSCC that is not curable by surgery or radiation. Triple-Negative Breast Cancer KEYTRUDA is indicated for the treatment of patients with high-risk early-stage triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) in combination with chemotherapy as neoadjuvant treatment, and then continued as a single agent as adjuvant treatment after surgery. KEYTRUDA, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the treatment of patients with locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic TNBC whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS ≥10) as determined by an FDA-approved test. Merck’s focus on cancer Every day, we follow the science as we work to discover innovations that can help patients, no matter what stage of cancer they have. As a leading oncology company, we are pursuing research where scientific opportunity and medical need converge, underpinned by our diverse pipeline of more than 25 novel mechanisms. With one of the largest clinical development programs across more than 30 tumor types, we strive to advance breakthrough science that will shape the future of oncology. By addressing barriers to clinical trial participation, screening and treatment, we work with urgency to reduce disparities and help ensure patients have access to high-quality cancer care. Our unwavering commitment is what will bring us closer to our goal of bringing life to more patients with cancer. For more information, visit https://www.merck.com/research/oncology. 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Forward-Looking Statement of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA This news release of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, N.J., USA (the “company”) includes “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based upon the current beliefs and expectations of the company’s management and are subject to significant risks and uncertainties. There can be no guarantees with respect to pipeline candidates that the candidates will receive the necessary regulatory approvals or that they will prove to be commercially successful. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results may differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Risks and uncertainties include but are not limited to, general industry conditions and competition; general economic factors, including interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; the impact of pharmaceutical industry regulation and health care legislation in the United States and internationally; global trends toward health care cost containment; technological advances, new products and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approval; the company’s ability to accurately predict future market conditions; manufacturing difficulties or delays; financial instability of international economies and sovereign risk; dependence on the effectiveness of the company’s patents and other protections for innovative products; and the exposure to litigation, including patent litigation, and/or regulatory actions. The company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. Additional factors that could cause results to differ materially from those described in the forward-looking statements can be found in the company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2024 and the company’s other filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) available at the SEC’s Internet site (www.sec.gov). Please see Prescribing Information for KEYTRUDA (pembrolizumab) at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/k/keytruda/keytruda_pi.pdf and Medication Guide for KEYTRUDA at http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/k/keytruda/keytruda_mg.pdf. Media Contacts: Julie Cunningham (617) 519-6264 Verena Vorwald (862) 783-6546 Investor Contacts: Peter Dannenbaum (732) 594-1579 Steven Graziano (732) 594-1583