Delving into the Latest Updates on Fentanyl with Synapse

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryFentanyl is a synthetic opioid that is highly effective in the management of severe pain, especially in cancer patients. It exerts its analgesic effects by binding to opioid receptors in the central nervous system. Fentanyl is available in various formulations, including transdermal patches, lozenges, and injectable solutions. However, due to its potency, fentanyl carries a high risk of addiction, respiratory depression, and overdose. As a result, it is classified as a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States. Ongoing research is focused on developing safer and more effective delivery methods for fentanyl, such as abuse-deterrent formulations and novel routes of administration.

Drug Type

Small molecule drug

Synonyms

AeroLEF, Fentany Transdermal System, Fentanyl (JAN/USP/INN)

+ [38]

Target

Opioid receptors

Action

agonists

Mechanism

Opioid receptors agonists(Opioid receptors agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Nervous System DiseasesOther DiseasesNeoplasms

Active Indication

Cancer PainPainLiver metastases+ [3]

Inactive Indication

Acute PainAdvanced cancerBreakthrough Pain+ [12]

Originator Organization

Janssen Global Services LLC

Active Organization

Nippon Zoki Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.Janssen Pharmaceutical KK

Medrx Co., Ltd.

+ [5]

Inactive Organization

Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

ALZA Corp.Janssen Research & Development LLC

+ [6]

License Organization

Terumo Corp. /Hemodialyzer Marketing Operations/

Nutriband, Inc.

Kindeva Drug Delivery LP

+ [4]

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (07 Aug 1990),

HypoventilationPain, Postoperative

Regulation-

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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC22H28N2O

InChIKeyPJMPHNIQZUBGLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry437-38-7

we use two different technique of anaesthesia for anaesthesia of patient undergoining CPC operation (20 each) were comparable with regard to demographic data and hemodynamic variables, IOP. After approval by our local Ethics Committee and written informed consent, 40 ASA physical status I, II or III patients scheduled for elective CBC operations were included in this study group s anasthetized with sevofluran while group p anaesthetized with propofol with repeated measurment of intraocular pressure of the other eye to detect which method better for IOP.

Start Date01 Mar 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Sohag University

CTRI/2025/12/099263

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

A Randomised Study to Evaluate the Thermoregulatory Effects of Bupivacaine v/s Bupivacaine and Fentanyl for Spinal Anaesthesia in Caesarean Sections in SMS Medical College, Jaipur - Nil

Start Date31 Dec 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Fentanyl

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100 Translational Medicine associated with Fentanyl

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100 Patents (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

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25,256

Literatures (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

01 Dec 2026·Current Pain and Headache Reports

The Analgesic Efficacy of Erector Spinae Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Nephrectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Review

Author: Kaye, Alan D ; Johnson, Coplen D ; Teepell, William M ; Shekoohi, Sahar ; Abbott, Brennan M ; Mira, Andre J ; Shah, Shivam S ; Jenks, Kyle ; Willett, Olga

PURPOSE OF REVIEW:

The present investigation is the first systematic review and meta-analysis assessing analgesic efficacy of erector spinae plane blocks (ESPB) in patients undergoing nephrectomies. ESPBs have shown promise in various surgeries, but their efficacy in nephrectomy has not been comprehensively evaluated. This study compares patients that underwent nephrectomies with ESPBs and general anesthesia versus patients that had general anesthesia only. We performed a systematic search for studies from PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, and Cochrane. Sources were considered for inclusion in the review if they were randomized controlled trials published from July 2014 to present in English. Data on postoperative opioid consumption, intraoperative opioid use, pain scores, and time to first analgesic request was extracted. The data was analyzed using EndNote, Rayyan, and RevMan software.

RECENT FINDINGS:

Our analysis included 7 studies with a total of 352 patients. ESPBs significantly reduced postoperative opioid consumption (mean difference = -11.28 mg IV (intravenous) morphine equivalents; 95% CI (confidence interval), -15.33 to -7.22; P < 0.00001) and intraoperative opioid use (mean difference = -0.08 mg IV fentanyl equivalents; 95% CI, -0.09 to -0.08; P < 0.00001). Also, the time to the first analgesic request was significantly longer in the ESPB group (mean difference = 52.86 min; 95% CI, 50.24 to 55.48; P < 0.00001). Pain scores were consistently lower in the ESPB group at various postoperative intervals. ESPBs effectively reduce both opioid consumption and pain scores in nephrectomy patients. This approach can minimize opioid-related side effects and improve recovery.

01 Jul 2026·BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY

The role of NLRP3 inflammasome in opioid-induced neurochemical markers, therapeutic effects, and adverse effects in male mice

Article

Author: Rodriguez, Myosotys ; Eans, Shainnel O ; McLaughlin, Jay P ; El-Hage, Nazira ; Williams, Ashai K ; Veeragoni, Dileepkumar ; Owens, Florida ; Carbajal, Candy ; Shinouchi, Ryosuke

Repeated administration of opioids such as morphine and fentanyl activates glial cells, leading to the release of pro-inflammatory molecules through secretory pathways, including theNLRP3 inflammasome. NLRP3 activation is thought to contribute to neuroinflammation, opioid tolerance, and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), serving as a potential mechanism behind the reduced effectiveness and adverse consequences of long-term opioid analgesic therapy. The present study examined the influence of NLRP3 on neurochemical markers of inflammation and synaptic plasticity in the brain, as well as behavioral and physiological responses to morphine and fentanyl in C57BL/6J mice. Treatment with morphine or fentanyl, alone or combined, produced dose-dependent antinociception, respiratory depression, and psychostimulatory behavior while significantly increasing inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α, along with chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES. This response was linked to higher expressed levels of NLRP3, MAPKs, JNK and p38, and the transcription factor NF-kB, while reducing synaptic plasticity markers NMDAR, AMPA, and PSD-95. In animals treated with the selective NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 alongside opioid exposure, levels of IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and NLRP3 in the brain decreased, and PSD-95 levels were restored. Behaviorally, MCC950 potentiated opioid-induced antinociception, respiratory depression, hyperlocomotion, and the rewarding effects of morphine in the conditioned place preference test, although it mitigated morphine acute antinociceptive tolerance and OIH. In summary, these initial results indicate that the NLRP3 pathway influences the release of opioid-related inflammatory molecules, affecting behaviors that increase the risk of opioid overdose.

01 Jun 2026·NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Repeated fentanyl administration impairs spatial memory, synaptic plasticity, and induces neuroinflammation in the dorsal hippocampus of rats

Article

Author: Cruz, Silvia L ; Rocha-Botello, Gabriela ; Galván, Emilio J

Repeated opioid exposure, including therapeutic or illicit fentanyl (Fnt) use, disrupts the hippocampal network activity that supports learning and memory. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying these effects remain elusive. To elucidate how Fnt alters hippocampal-dependent behavior, synaptic physiology, and neuroinflammation in the dorsal hippocampus, we conducted behavioral testing, electrophysiological recordings, and immunofluorescence analyses for GFAP, CD11b, and the inflammasome NLPR3 in rats repeatedly administered with Fnt (0.1 mg/kg, three times daily for 7 days; 19 injections). At the end of the administration protocol, Fnt reduced the exploration of relocated objects in the object location task, indicating impaired spatial memory. Extracellular recordings in acute brain slices of the dorsal hippocampus revealed that Fnt decreased the population spike amplitude of CA1 pyramidal cells, the fiber volley-fEPSP synchronization ratio, and altered the paired-pulse facilitation of glutamatergic transmission. Consistent with these findings, the magnitude of long-term potentiation (LTP) induced by theta-burst stimulation was reduced, mirroring decreased synaptic plasticity. Immunoreactivity analyses revealed increased GFAP and CD11b expression, accompanied by microglial hypertrophy and elevated NLRP3 expression in neurons and interneurons in area CA1, indicating astrogliosis and inflammasome priming. These findings indicate that repeated Fnt administration disrupts neuronal and glial homeostasis in the hippocampus.

435

News (Medical) associated with Fentanyl

10 Mar 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

CounterX Therapeutics Executes Exclusive Licensing Agreement for Portfolio of Novel Monoclonal Antibody and Vaccine Candidates Targeting Fentanyl and Opioid Overdose

SEATTLE, March 10, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- CounterX Therapeutics, a biotechnology company focused on developing novel antibody therapeutics and vaccines to address opioid overdose and dependence, today announced the execution of an exclusive licensing agreement with the University of Minnesota and the University of Washington. The licensing agreement covers issued and pending patents including novel therapeutics and vaccine candidates targeting fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, and platform technologies for various indications. "This licensing agreement represents a major strategic milestone for CounterX Therapeutics," said Shawn Iadonato, Chief Executive Officer of CounterX Therapeutics. "Securing exclusive rights to this innovative antibody and vaccine portfolio significantly strengthens our intellectual property position and solidifies our mission to deliver transformative therapies to prevent overdose from fentanyl and other opioids. This technology has the potential to fundamentally change how opioid overdoses are treated and addresses the ongoing public health crisis caused by illicit fentanyl." The licensed intellectual property includes a portfolio of high-affinity monoclonal antibodies designed to rapidly bind fentanyl and related opioids as well as vaccine candidates. It also covers the foundational components of CounterX Therapeutics' proprietary CounterXCL™ platform designed to advance next-generation biologic approaches to overdose intervention and prevention, and to counteract other chemical threats of national interest. The licensed technology was developed by Marco Pravetoni, PhD., Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of CounterX Therapeutics in his role as a faculty at the University of Minnesota and the University of Washington. It is based on years of his pioneering research into therapeutic approaches for substance use disorders and overdose. The antibodies are engineered for high specificity and potency against fentanyl and related synthetic opioids, which are responsible for the majority of overdose deaths in the United States. "This is an exceptional and exciting technology with the potential to address one of the most urgent public health crises of our time," said Marco Pravetoni, PhD, Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of CounterX Therapeutics. "These monoclonal antibodies were designed to precisely target fentanyl and its analogs, offering a novel biological approach that could complement or extend existing drug overdose interventions and medications for opioid use disorders. We are thrilled to advance this science into the clinic and unlock its full therapeutic potential." CounterX Therapeutics plans to leverage the licensed patents to advance CTRX-101, its lead antibody candidate, into clinical development in 2026 and continue to expand its platform to address a broader range of high-risk synthetic opioids. About CounterX Therapeutics CounterX Therapeutics is at the forefront of the battle against the opioid epidemic, exploiting cutting-edge biotechnology to develop life-saving therapeutics and vaccines. We combine scientific expertise with an experienced leadership team and a deep commitment to social impact. Our groundbreaking antibody therapies are designed to blunt the effects of opioids, reduce the risk of overdose and provide a path to recovery. Dr. Marco Pravetoni is the Founder and Chief Scientific Officer at CounterX Therapeutics and Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at the University of Washington School of Medicine. CTRX-101: CTRX-101 is a monoclonal antibody against fentanyl that is in development for the prevention of accidental overdose in high-risk patients. It is a long-acting subcutaneous injectable product that is not an opioid or controlled substance. CTRX-101 was well-tolerated in preclinical models with no serious adverse events when used in combination with other medications for opioid use disorder (OUD). It is not expected to cause opioid withdrawal and may be safe when used in combination with other medications. The Company anticipates starting a Phase 1 clinical trial of CTRX-101 in 2026. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT: CounterX Therapeutics Jacques Bouchy Chief Business Officer 206.486.4755 [email protected] SOURCE CounterX Therapeutics 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

License out/inPhase 1Vaccine

06 Mar 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

Sammy's Law Approved by House Energy and Commerce Committee, Seeking to Give Families the Choice of Safety Software

WASHINGTON, March 6, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- The Organization for Social Media Safety today applauded the House Energy and Commerce Committee's approval of H.R. 2657, Sammy's Law, bipartisan legislation that empowers families to use FTC-registered third-party safety software on all major social media platforms to help protect children from the most severe social media harms, including drug dealing, cyberbullying, predation, trafficking, and self-harm content. Sammy's Law enables parents and teens to choose trusted safety software by requiring the largest social media platforms to provide secure, real-time access, paired with strict privacy, security, transparency, and data-minimization safeguards. "One of the most effective ways for parents to protect children is by using third-party safety software, which provides alerts to families when dangerous content is shared through children's social media accounts, enabling life-saving interventions at critical moments," said Marc Berkman, CEO of the Organization for Social Media Safety. "Sammy's Law enables targeted protection from the most serious of social media-harms, giving parents an option other than today's less effective and invasive means of supervision, including manually auditing children's devices, duplicating children's accounts on parents' devices, or relying on expansive spyware." Samuel Chapman, father of Sammy Chapman, said: "Sammy's Law will save thousands of lives once it is passed. We are so pleased that it made it through the committee yesterday. It's an important step along the way to becoming the tool that allows parents to parent online." Rose Bronstein, a survivor parent, who lost her son Nate Bronstein due to severe cyberbullying over social media and a Board member of the Organization for Social Media Safety added: "Sammy's Law would have saved Nate's life. Nate was attacked over Snapchat, he received a Snapchat message from a classmate telling him "To Kill Himself". If Sammy's Law was in place at that time, I would have been immediately notified that Nate was in danger. I would have had the opportunity to intervene and protect Nate from further harm and Nate would be here today. What Sammy's Law Does Sammy's Law: Creates an opt-in framework allowing a parent/legal guardian—or a teen (13+)—to authorize the use of FTC-registered third-party safety software Requires the largest social media platforms to provide secure, real-time API access for authorized safety tools, with a baseline transfer cadence Includes strong safeguards: teen notice, data minimization, strict limitations on provider use and disclosure of data, rapid deletion, and independent security audits Next Steps Following yesterday's Committee approval, Sammy's Law will now advance in the House legislative process. The Organization for Social Media Safety will continue working with lawmakers on both sides of the aisle to ensure swift passage and implementation. Background Sammy's Law is named in honor of Sammy Chapman. On February 7, 2021, a drug dealer reached out to Sammy on Snapchat and delivered drugs to him at home. He snuck out after his parents were asleep to meet the dealer, who gave him what turned out to be a lethal dose of fentanyl. Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid twice as addictive as heroin, 100 times more powerful than morphine — and fatal even in microscopic doses. Sammy had no idea he was taking it. As a result, Sammy lost his life. About the Organization for Social Media Safety The Organization for Social Media Safety, a national 501(c)(3) nonprofit, serves as the first and leading consumer protection organization focused solely on protecting the public from the dangers of social media. Through education, advocacy, and technology development, we protect the public from all social media-related dangers, including cyberbullying, depression, self-harm, eating disorders, hate speech, substance abuse, human trafficking, among many others. Leveraging an unparalleled expertise in social media, we seek to make social media safe for everyone. For more information, please visit their website at . Press contact: Marc Berkman CEO, Organization for Social Media Safety (800) 349-3440 [email protected] socialmediasafety.org SOURCE The Organization for Social Media Safety 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

23 Feb 2026

·www.drugs.com

Study Looks at Characteristics of Injection Drug Use-Linked Endophthalmitis

MONDAY, Feb. 23, 2026 -- Clinical features and outcomes of injection drug use-associated endogenous endophthalmitis (IDU-EE) are described in a study published online Jan. 13 in Ophthalmology Retina . Jared T. Sokol, M.D., from the University of Colorado School of Medicine in Aurora, and colleagues conducted a retrospective cohort study involving 62 patients (65 eyes) diagnosed with IDU-EE to identify influential factors and opportunities for intervention. The researchers report that initial ophthalmic treatments were tap-and-inject (TAI) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with intravitreal antimicrobials in 51 and nine eyes (78.5 and 13.8 percent, respectively). In 30 eyes (46.2 percent), subsequent PPV was performed. In 34 eyes (54.8 percent), intraocular cultures were positive. Compared with PPV, TAI was less likely to yield a positive culture (11/52 versus 26/39). There was an improvement seen in the median visual acuity (VA) from 1.30 to 0.48 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at presentation and at most recent follow-up, respectively; in 43 eyes (68.2 percent), VA improved. Fifteen eyes (23.1 percent) had retinal detachment. Final VA was not influenced by initial TAI versus PPV. The odds of off-chart (less than or equal to counting fingers) VA outcome at the most recent follow-up were increased with reported fentanyl use (odds ratio, 5.25). Thirty-seven (68.5 percent) of the 54 patients who were admitted saw the addiction consult service (ACS) while hospitalized; all eligible patients who saw the ACS were offered a medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) and 13 of these 24 accepted a new MOUD. "This study reinforces that eye doctors can offer much more to patients than vision care alone," coauthors Eric Gaier, M.D., Ph.D., and Dean Eliott, M.D., from Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts Eye and Ear in Boston, said in a statement. "For patients with injection drug use-related infections, an ophthalmology visit may be one of the few times they engage with the health care system. Ensuring that addiction consult services are involved through these encounters can directly impact these individuals’ survival, not just their sight." Two authors disclosed ties to the biopharmaceutical industry. Abstract/Full Text (subscription or payment may be required)

Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Fentanyl

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External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00320	Fentanyl	N02AB03 N01AH01	DB00813

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Cancer Pain	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceutical KK	01 Feb 2011
Pain	Australia	Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd.	23 Nov 2005
Acute Pain	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	04 Feb 2005
Chronic Pain	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	04 Feb 2005
Hypoventilation	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	07 Aug 1990
Pain, Postoperative	United States	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	07 Aug 1990

Developing

10 top R&D records.

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Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Mucositis	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Solid tumor	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Stomatitis	Phase 3	United States	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Oct 2009
Low Back Pain	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jan 2009
Osteoarthritis	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Jan 2009
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Neuralgia, Postherpetic	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Pain Disorder	Phase 3	Japan	Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc.	01 Dec 2008
Neoplasms	Phase 3	Canada	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Dec 2007
Neoplasms	Phase 3	India	INSYS Therapeutics, Inc.	01 Dec 2007

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Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03434678 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Pancreatic Cancer	133	Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy+Propofol+Fentanyl Inhalational Agent+Rocuronium+Bupivacaine (Epidural-General Anesthesia)	ivvxejknpd = iqiqflnywb ipgzrehmom (ujrnlukofo, jquqkljehz - coacngqbyf) View more	-	30 Jul 2025
				Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy+Propofol+Fentanyl+Rocuronium (General Anesthesia)	ivvxejknpd = dpmribohfo ipgzrehmom (ujrnlukofo, syrzlisxkl - nxecvydeak) View more
ASH2024	Not Applicable	Acute Pain \| Anemia, Sickle Cell	-	Intranasal Fentanyl (INF)	suwfrvrtne(kspegrorhf) = 7 (18%) of visits fsagymkqya (cbdxnwzadx ) View more	-	08 Dec 2024
NCT05244226 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Sleep Apnea, Obstructive \| Tonsillitis \| Pain, Procedural	66	Hydromorphone+Fentanyl	ljtgwpczgp(tavupdzwpd) = pqouyfcnrg ctfofuszdx (astqjvoxhy, zetzogwvnl - qcjvcupuqs) View more	-	17 Oct 2024
NCT05209906 (Pubmed)	Not Applicable	Breakthrough Pain	30	Fentanyl Buccal Soluble Film (FBSF)	keqwyjpmfr(stiyzaffpq) = Only grade 1/2 adverse events were reported, including somnolence, malaise, and dizziness vwbamwqkpe (sixolbfqzn )	Positive	14 Jun 2024
NCT05531422 (Pubmed \| ASCO2024)	Phase 2	Cancer Pain	59	AZ003	ibfxrjszoq(wtytnjnkkl) = tvmatkdwpx jdxqnlidrr (kfxletuaym ) View more	Positive	24 May 2024
				安慰剂	ibfxrjszoq(wtytnjnkkl) = kozchctjlv jdxqnlidrr (kfxletuaym ) View more
NCT03872700 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Abscess	49	Intranasal fentanyl (Intranasal Fentanyl)	herftpsaiv(wjkaildpsk) = tlpelxfelz tnylfaomtb (itwskeabgs, 1.5) View more	-	15 Aug 2023
				Placebo (Placebo)	herftpsaiv(wjkaildpsk) = bzpqkfbnmc tnylfaomtb (itwskeabgs, 2.9) View more
ICML2023	Not Applicable	18 FDG	-	Fentanyl pre-treatment	lcmrfzzsdz(qyyrsnyopl) = fxmpmpapnv jgyhyqiiod (yhzluvmdvb )	Positive	09 Jun 2023
				No fentanyl pre-treatment	lcmrfzzsdz(qyyrsnyopl) = sziyfrxcoa jgyhyqiiod (yhzluvmdvb )
NCT00580489 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Pain \| Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions	204	fentanyl+morphine (Arm C Morphine)	bmgqorjrmg = fcmitpokwu udnhtvxxfy (qvtfuegftm, nhlobktqoq - gcsteujjss)	-	16 Aug 2022
				fentanyl+morphine (Arm D Fentanyl)	bmgqorjrmg = zrwpmymlmn udnhtvxxfy (qvtfuegftm, prrjttvfwe - lhvmmvwljt)
NCT03792191 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Anesthesia \| Obesity	280	Lumbar Spinal Ultrasonography+Intrathecal Fentanyl+Intrathecal Bupivacaine (Ultrasonography)	fvvoszmtjt(sfxqvagfsn) = ctiazlbvoh pzpaadxwul (utzkpqpljy, xmjzemwyje - sjvdkrmzla) View more	-	24 May 2021
				Conventional Landmark Palpation+Intrathecal Fentanyl+Intrathecal Bupivacaine (Palpation)	fvvoszmtjt(sfxqvagfsn) = ipkhkejwak pzpaadxwul (utzkpqpljy, ahrbpqipvb - gnciismdzi) View more
NCT02514252 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Breakthrough Pain \| Advanced cancer	6	Study Diary+Fentanyl	wkxpgcyrkn(hiticqdvne) = sqqpzmnpye ejrmcqbsiq (pfmrxsohlc, weahgybncv - niwjbayilk) View more	-	18 May 2021