Global estimates suggest that sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) now has the highest incidence, prevalence, and worst survival outcomes of stroke. With an estimated 1.4 million stroke survivors, outcomes of stroke in SSA are abysmal with 1-month case fatality at 30% and 3-year mortality rate of 84%. Stroke survivors in Africa are at an inordinately high (and worsening) risk of adverse outcomes including recurrent stroke and cardiac events over the medium- to longterm. Given the paucity of resources in the region, testing of therapies, which are potentially highly clinically efficacious and cost-effective, while developing local stroke research capacity and contributing to the global secondary stroke prevention evidence base, is urgently needed. Cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor, has shown promising efficacy and safety mainly among an Asian population by cutting risk of major adverse cardiovascular events including stroke, in half, when added to aspirin or clopidogrel (8% vs. 4%, HR 0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.77), with no increased risk in bleeding or serious adverse events. Cilostazol's potentially strong efficacy, presumed pleiotropic effects, and relatively low cost, make it a highly appealing agent for use in stroke-prone, low-resource settings. Therefore, the overall objective of the CiLostAzol for pReventIon of recurrent sTroke in Africa (CLARITY-AFRICA) study is to deploy a hybrid study design to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of cilostazol twice daily in reducing MACE over 24 months vs. placebo among 1100 recent stroke patients encountered at 12 hospitals in Ghana. Secondly, CLARITY-AFRICA also seeks to develop an implementation strategy for routine integration and policy adoption of cilostazol for post-stroke cardiovascular risk reduction in an under-resourced system. Given its compelling efficacy among a predominantly Asian population, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) is poised to fund a US-based clinical trial to assess the longer-term efficacy and safety of cilostazol in a study titled CiLostAzol for pReventIon of recurrent sTroke (CLARITY). The investigators are also aware that European and Australian funding agencies are considering stroke trials of cilostazol. A concurrently executed CLARITYAfrica trial would allow recruitment of a historically underrepresented and high-risk group (Africans), test a therapy that if efficacious could be affordable for broader regional implementation, permit transcontinental mentorship/collaborations, and leverage NINDS impending investment. CLARITY-AFRICA will assess implementation outcomes such as adoption, acceptability, cost, pertinent to uptake of cilostazol in Ghana to inform policy. Regardless of its outcome, findings from CLARITYAFRICA will contribute meaningful information from the African perspective to inform the formulation of guidelines for global adoption of cilostazol into routine care for secondary CVD risk prevention by international bodies such as the World Health Organization. This application will focus on the first 2 aims of CLARITY-AFRICA to conduct the trial and assess secondary outcomes.

Start Date01 Aug 2027

Sponsor / Collaborator

Northern California Institute for Research & Education

NCT06757764

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

The Effect and Safety of Therapy Adding Cilostazol in Acute Ischemic Stroke Due to Large Artery Atherosclerosis: CHANGE Trial

Currently, aspirin plus clopidogrel is considered as a standard acute treatment of ischemic stroke, based on results of CHANCE and POINT trial. However, still a considerable portion of patients showed early stroke recurrence, especially in those with stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Cilostazol may have benefit in reducing early stroke recurrence of neurologic deterioriation. The post-hoc analysis of CSPS.com showed that use of cilostazol after 15 days of stroke was effective for preventing subsequent stroke. The effect of adding cilostazol was more effective in those with large artery atherosclerosis and those receiving clopidogrel than aspirin.

Start Date15 Mar 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Asan Medical Center

[+1]

ISRCTN44436843

/ RecruitingPhase 3IIT

The LACunar Intervention Trial 3 (LACI-3). Assessment of efficacy and safety of cilostazol and isosorbide mononitrate to prevent adverse outcomes in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (lacunar) ischaemic stroke.

Start Date03 Mar 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

The University of Edinburgh

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Cilostazol

100 Translational Medicine associated with Cilostazol

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Cilostazol

3,213

Literatures (Medical) associated with Cilostazol

01 Jun 2025·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Statins boost beneficial pleiotropic cardiovascular effects of cilostazol in angiotensin-II hypertensive rats

Article

Author: El-Bassossy, Hany M ; Elshazly, Shimaa M ; El-Sayed, Shaimaa S ; Hamdy, Ahmed

BACKGROUND AND AIMS:

Hypertension is a major cause of cardiovascular (CVS) diseases. Statins exhibit a blood pressure-lowering effect independent of cholesterol. This study investigates whether combining statins with the phosphodiesterase-III inhibitor cilostazol enhances antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects.

METHODS:

Hypertension was induced in rats via implanted mini-osmotic pumps releasing angiotensin II at 120 ng.kg^-1.min^-1 for 11 days. Hypertensive rats were treated with cilostazol (50 mg.kg^-1.day^-1), rosuvastatin (20 mg.kg^-1.day^-1), atorvastatin (50 mg.kg^-1.day^-1), or their combinations for seven days. Cardiovascular parameters, baroreflex sensitivity, histopathology, myocardial injury markers (creatine kinase-MB "CK-MB" and cardiac troponin I "cTnI"), and oxidative stress (catalase and malondialdehyde "MDA") were evaluated.

RESULTS:

Cilostazol reduced systolic blood pressure, improved left ventricular (LV) function, and mitigated baroreflex dysfunction. Co-administration of atorvastatin enhanced these effects, with rosuvastatin showing greater improvements. The rosuvastatin/cilostazol combination significantly reduced myocardial injury, oxidative stress, and histopathological damage in the heart and aorta.

CONCLUSION:

Statins, particularly rosuvastatin, enhanced cilostazol's antihypertensive and cardioprotective effects, highlighting the potential of this combination in managing hypertension and CVS diseases.

01 Jun 2025·EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY

Cilostazol attenuates cisplatin-induced acute liver injury by targeting the SIRT1/AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway, with an impact on miRNA-34a

Article

Author: Oraby, Mamdouh A ; El-Shitany, Nagla A ; Sokar, Samia S ; El-Kadem, Aya H ; Raouf, Ahmed Amr

The dominant chemotherapeutic agent, cisplatin (CP), is widely used to manage various cancer types. Despite its effectiveness, CP use is associated with severe hepatotoxicity. Cilostazol (CSZ), a selective phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, has recently demonstrated remarkable anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in different diseases. Additionally, it exhibits hepatoprotective effects against various forms of liver injury. Hence, this study aimed to assess the potential hepatoprotective and ameliorative effects of CSZ on CP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. To achieve this, ALI was induced by a single injection of CP (20 mg/kg; i.p.) in male Wistar rats pretreated with CSZ (5 or 10 mg/kg) administered orally for one week. The findings revealed that CSZ effectively reversed CP-induced hepatic dysfunction, as evidenced by notable liver function tests and improvements in histological examination. Additionally, CSZ protected against CP-mediated liver oxidative stress by decreasing MDA levels while increasing GSH and GPx levels and enhancing SOD activity. Furthermore, CSZ exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect, reducing the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including NF-κB, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Regarding hepatocyte apoptosis, CSZ suppressed Bax immunoexpression and caspase-3 and caspase-9 levels while enhancing Bcl-2 expression, thereby mitigating hepatic cell death. The hepatoprotective effects of CSZ could be attributed to the regulation of the miRNA-34a/AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, leading to the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1-mediated antioxidative defense mechanism. In conclusion, CSZ could be a promising therapeutic agent for preventing CP-induced ALI, potentially improving the quality of life for cancer patients.

01 May 2025·JOURNAL OF SHOULDER AND ELBOW SURGERY

Impact of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs on postoperative bleeding in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty

Article

Author: Yamakado, Kotaro

BACKGROUND:

The decision to withdraw or continue antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs would be balanced on the bleeding risk and the cardiovascular risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate perioperative bleeding in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) to determine the impact of oral antiplatelet and anticoagulant medications in the absence of drug withdrawal. The hypothesis was that the continuation of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs would increase postoperative bleeding but to a limited extent.

METHODS:

During the study period, RSA cases were prospectively included and retrospectively reviewed. Cases of revision for arthroplasty, proximal fracture, and cemented stem fixation were excluded. Cases with dual therapy of aspirin and clopidogrel and cases with heparin bridges were also excluded. Age, gender, height, weight, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status anesthesia risk, smoking status, preoperative diagnosis, preoperative blood sampling data within one month of surgery (estimated glomerular filtration rate, Prothrombin Time-International Normalized Ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time), surgical time, stem length (standard or short stem), and use of tranexamic acid were identified. The presence of diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, and hypertension were confirmed as comorbidities. Hemoglobin and hematocrit (Hct) values were recorded preoperatively and on the third postoperative day, and estimated blood loss was calculated by Gross formula using the change in preoperative Hct and postoperative day 3 Ht values. Multiple regression models were used to determine predictors of the estimated blood loss. P values less than .5 were considered statistically significant.

RESULTS:

Three hundred fifteen RSA cases were analyzed (172 females, a mean age of 77.2 years). The estimated blood loss was 819 ml. The regression equation was statistically significant (P < .0001, R² = 0.21), and aspirin, direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC), tranexamic acid, height, and surgery time were statistically significant explanatory variables, showing the predicted changes in bleeding volume for each drug were +283 ml for aspirin, +180 ml for DOAC, and -237 ml for tranexamic acid, respectively. Warfarin and cilostazol were not employed due to P values and Akaike's Information Criterion. Two blood transfusions (without antiplatelet or anticoagulant medications) were administered. One patient on aspirin had a cardiovascular event.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current study showed that the use of aspirin and DOAC were significant predictors of increased perioperative blood loss, but the amount of increase was in the acceptable range, suggesting that continued antiplatelet and anticoagulant were relatively safe in primary RSA. Administration of tranexamic acid was shown to reduce bleeding significantly.

News (Medical) associated with Cilostazol

28 May 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Genovate Announces Plans to Submit a New Drug Application for PMR to the U.S. Food & Drug Administration in the Second Half of 2025

TAIPEI, May 28, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Genovate Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (TPEx: 4130), a Taiwan-based specialty pharmaceutical company, today announced its plans to submit a New Drug Application (NDA) with the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for PMR, an investigational once daily extended-release form of cilostazol for the treatment of Intermittent Claudication, in the second half of 2025. In the written responses to the pre-NDA meeting package, the FDA confirmed that the clinical studies conducted are sufficient to support the submission of a marketing application under the 505(b)(2) regulatory pathway. The key study in the submission package, GBL23-001 (NCT06167265), is a randomized, fully replicate crossover study designed to evaluate the bioequivalence and within-subject variability between PMR 145 mg once daily and the immediate-release tablet of cilostazol 100 mg twice daily. This study is expected to be completed in mid-2024, and the top-line results have shown that the primary endpoints of the study were achieved, and the decision to submit the application was made following the successful outcome of study GBL23-001. Furthermore, Genovate has been improving the PMR formulation and its manufacturing processes in order to address additional FDA comments. All clinical study and manufacturing data are expected to be included in the final submission package. "We are pleased to share what we believe is an efficient regulatory pathway for PMR with the goal of bringing a new treatment option to the people who suffer from intermittent claudication and recurrence of cerebral infarction, from the US to the globe." said Chia-Chen Chu, General Manager of Genovate. About PMR (Cilostazol Extended-Release Tablets) PMR, a novel extended-release (ER) formulation of cilostazol, was designed to reduce the concentration-dependent side effects associated with immediate-release (IR) tablet form of cilostazol. Cilostazol is currently available in IR tablet form at 50 and 100 mg strengths administered twice daily. The IR formulation of cilostazol, marketed as Pletal® in the US (Pletaal® in Taiwan and other Asian countries), was first available in Japan in 1988 for the treatment of peripheral arterial diseases and the prevention of recurrence of cerebral infarction and later approved by the US FDA in 1999 for the treatment of intermittent claudication (IC). Cilostazol is a specific PDE III inhibitor that can cause reduced platelet aggregation and increased vasodilatation. Cilostazol showed good efficacy in preventing secondary strokes, notably reducing the rates of ischaemic stroke recurrence. Nevertheless, the results from eight placebo-controlled clinical trials indicated that 15.4% of patients withdrawn from cilostazol treatment were as a result of adverse reactions. Headache, palpitations, and diarrhea were the most frequently reported adverse reactions among these patients. These adverse reactions were attributable to the peak concentration of cilostazol. Genovate is developing an ER tablet form of cilostazol, PMR, to be administered once daily aiming to improve adherence and to reduce the side effects associated with the high peak-to-trough variation of the concentration of cilostazol IR. About Intermittent Claudication Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) affects over 200 million people globally and around 8.5 million Americans over the age of 40. PAD occurs as a result of the narrowing or blockade of blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the legs. The main symptom of PAD observed in approximately 70% of patients is intermittent claudication (IC), a condition that presents as pain and cramping in the lower extremities (thigh, calf, hip and buttock muscles), as a result of limited blood flow. IC is commonly viewed as a signal of substantial atherosclerosis, suggesting a higher likelihood of heart attack or stroke. The symptoms of IC are intermittent, exacerbated when walking or during exercise, and are alleviated with rest, but reoccur when activity resume; as a result, IC can be very debilitating, drastically affecting the quality of life of those affected. In severe cases, IC may require surgical intervention, but in general, it can be treated and managed with a combinational approach including medication, life style changes that modify or eliminate risk factors, and exercise program. Drugs improving blood flow such as anti-clotting agents (aspirin), anti-hypertensives, statins, and phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitors such as cilostazol are currently used to treat IC. About Genovate Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Genovate Biotechnology Co., Ltd. is a Taiwan-based, fully integrated specialty pharmaceutical company focusing on the new drug development in new formulation, new active ingredient, new treatment modality in cardiovascular, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, and liver diseases. Genovate is equipped with PIC/S GMP manufacturing, marketing, and distribution capabilities. Forward-Looking Statements All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release are forward-looking statements, including statements regarding the timing of any regulatory process or ultimate approvals for PMR for the treatment of IC. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and assumptions, including the risks and uncertainties associated with the projected timeline of our NDA submission, whether FDA will agree with our interpretation of the data or the adequacy of data to support an NDA, the FDA's review of our NDA, market conditions, as well as risks and uncertainties inherent in Genovate's business. The events and circumstances reflected in the company's forward-looking statements may not be achieved or occur and actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. Except as required by applicable law, the company does not plan to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements contained herein, whether as a result of any new information, future events, changed circumstances or otherwise. SOURCE Genovate Biotech

Drug ApprovalClinical ResultNDA

24 May 2024

·www.pharmaceutical-technology.com

Biocon and Handok link to commercialise Liraglutide in South Korea

Biocon will handle Liraglutide’s development, manufacturing and supply. Credit: Poetra.RH / Shutterstock.com. Indian biopharmaceutical company Biocon has entered an exclusive licence and supply agreement with Handok to commercialise synthetic Liraglutide in South Korea. A vertically integrated, complex drug, Liraglutide is administered using pre-filled injection pens. It is designed for chronic weight management alongside a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. Biocon will handle Liraglutide’s development, manufacture and supply in South Korea. Handok will oversee the regulatory approvals and commercialisation of the product in the market. Handok’s diabetes care portfolio includes Amaryl, Tenelia and the real-time glucose monitoring device Barozen Fit. See Also: Alvotech and Dr Reddy’s partner to commercialise AVT03 (Cilostazol + rosuvastatin) by Korea United Pharm for Chronic Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (Ischemic Heart Disease): Likelihood of Approval Global contract research organisation IQVIA ‘s moving annual total for the fourth quarter of 2023 values the market opportunity for Liraglutide in South Korea at $47m. Biocon CEO and MD Siddharth Mittal stated: “We are pleased to enter into this strategic partnership with Handok, which will enable patients in South Korea dealing with weight management to gain access to our GLP-1 peptide drug product, synthetic Liraglutide. “This also aligns with our commitment to expand our portfolio of innovative, affordable medicines to address the unmet needs of patients around the world. We look forward to leveraging Handok’s strong capabilities to help patients in the region better manage their disease.” In December 2023, Biocon’s subsidiary Biocon Biologics completed the integration of Viatris’ biosimilars business across 31 European countries.

License out/inDrug Approval

13 Dec 2023

·synapse.patsnap.com

What are PDE3 inhibitors and how do you quickly get the latest development progress?

PDE3, or phosphodiesterase 3, is an enzyme found in the human body that plays a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling pathways. Specifically, PDE3 is responsible for breaking down cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), which are important secondary messengers involved in various physiological processes. By inhibiting PDE3 activity, certain medications can increase the levels of cAMP and cGMP, leading to vasodilation, increased contractility of cardiac muscles, and platelet aggregation inhibition. This makes PDE3 an important target for pharmaceutical interventions aimed at treating cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure and hypertension. The future of PDE3 inhibitors is promising. An agent that selectively inhibits sarcoplasmic reticulum-associated PDE3A-136 may help to preserve intracellular Ca2+ cycling and contractility in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy taking β-adrenergic receptor agonists. This may reduce arrhythmogenic effects attributable to increases in cytosolic cAMP content. Furthermore, given the promising results in preclinical models, numerous clinical trials have evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of PDE3 inhibitors against depression in humans. Therefore, the development of PDE3 inhibitors presents opportunities for innovation and competition in the pharmaceutical industry. The analysis of the target PDE3 reveals a competitive landscape with multiple companies actively involved in research and development. The highest stage of development is the "Approved" phase, indicating successful drug development in various indications. Small molecule drugs are progressing rapidly, with a significant number of approved and inactive drugs. China, Japan, the United States, and the European Union are leading in terms of drug development under the target PDE3. The future development of the target PDE3 is promising, with ongoing research and development efforts by various companies and countries/locations. How do they work?PDE3 inhibitors are a type of drug that target and inhibit the enzyme phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3). Phosphodiesterases are a group of enzymes that play a crucial role in regulating cellular signaling pathways by breaking down cyclic nucleotides, specifically cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In the context of biomedicine, PDE3 inhibitors are primarily used as cardiovascular drugs. They work by blocking the activity of PDE3, which leads to increased levels of cAMP and cGMP in cells. This, in turn, promotes vasodilation (relaxation of blood vessels), inhibits platelet aggregation (clumping of blood platelets), and reduces smooth muscle cell proliferation. These effects contribute to the treatment of conditions such as heart failure, angina (chest pain), and peripheral vascular disease. By inhibiting PDE3, these drugs enhance the effects of the cyclic nucleotides, which are important secondary messengers involved in various cellular processes. The increased levels of cAMP and cGMP can have beneficial effects on cardiac function, blood flow, and overall cardiovascular health. It's worth noting that PDE3 inhibitors may have side effects, including increased heart rate, arrhythmias, and potential interactions with other medications. Therefore, their use should be carefully monitored and prescribed by healthcare professionals. List of PDE3 InhibitorsThe currently marketed PDE3 inhibitors include: Cilostazol/ginkgo-bilobaLevosimendanEnoximoneAnagrelide HydrochlorideCilostazolOlprinone Hydrochloride HydrateIbudilastInamrinone LactateEnsifentrineCilostazol/DecanolFor more information, please click on the image below. What are PDE3 inhibitors used for?PDE3 inhibitors are under investigation for indications that include heart failure, angina (chest pain), and peripheral vascular disease. For more information, please click on the image below to log in and search. How to obtain the latest development progress of PDE3 inhibitors?In the Synapse database, you can keep abreast of the latest research and development advances of PDE3 inhibitors anywhere and anytime, daily or weekly, through the "Set Alert" function. Click on the image below to embark on a brand new journey of drug discovery!

100 Deals associated with Cilostazol

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D01896	Cilostazol	B01AC23	DB01166

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Brain Infarction	Japan	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	15 Mar 2007
Intermittent Claudication	United States	Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	15 Jan 1999
Arterial Occlusive Diseases	China	Zhejiang Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	01 Jan 1996

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Angina Pectoris, Variant	Phase 3	South Korea	Korea Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.	01 Nov 2013

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT06242132 (CILO-CLOP Trial, Pubmed \| Neurol Ther)	Phase 3	Acute Ischemic Stroke hypertension	870	Cilostazol	dkkocsfqia(ywazfnmtrr) = prdjmjqrdt czjlersjzr (wsqikcucka )	Positive	12 Apr 2025
				Clopidogrel	dkkocsfqia(ywazfnmtrr) = htgmntkcza czjlersjzr (wsqikcucka )
NCT01261234 (Randomized Controlled Trial of Cilostazol Addition for In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting, Pubmed \| Stroke)	Not Applicable	Vascular restenosis	631	Cilostazol 50 mg	byzvzovori(gfdevhyjgd) = dgbknyqszg qcyoswfnhi (hhnjrkaqjl ) View more	Positive	01 Dec 2024
				No Cilostazol	byzvzovori(gfdevhyjgd) = ogvtdgtkwa qcyoswfnhi (hhnjrkaqjl ) View more
NCT03451591 (LACI-2, CTgov)	Phase 2/3	Stroke, Lacunar	363	Isosorbide Mononitrate XL (ISMN) (Isosorbide Mononitrate XL (ISMN))	ufntbfcutp = kjidtxteal ecmscpxgpp (izvlugajbg, erfhyogohc - ljyaoocutr) View more	-	12 Nov 2024
				Cilostazol (Cilostazol)	ufntbfcutp = bqshrgwfxa ecmscpxgpp (izvlugajbg, hpfeixstrj - fzeumxtifw) View more
ESC2023	Phase 4	ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction	985	DAT (aspirin and clopidogrel for 12 months)	qahvtmtesk(gcimgtznub) = mtdmjltpyy wuqskynstz (azoyviecaf )	Negative	25 Aug 2023
				TAT 1M (aspirin, clopidogrel, and cilostazol for 1 month)	qahvtmtesk(gcimgtznub) = lejlhrnmhk wuqskynstz (azoyviecaf )
NCT01995370 (CSPS.com, Pubmed \| Stroke)	Phase 4	Stroke, Lacunar	925	DAPT group receiving cilostazol and either aspirin or clopidogrel	vxokxifvej(awnkmqyjgf) = acudrdbyji kssqxnoldv (aknlqeoldn )	Positive	03 Feb 2023
				SAPT group receiving aspirin or clopidogrel alone	vxokxifvej(awnkmqyjgf) = frsgtbrpbi kssqxnoldv (aknlqeoldn )
NCT01995370 (CSPS.com, Pubmed \| Int J Stroke)	Not Applicable	Stroke \| Constriction, Pathologic	-	DAPT with cilostazol plus aspirin or clopidogrel	utmavbksuh(wqlhgotoqh): HR = 0.79 (95% CI, 0.27 - 2.26) View more	-	28 Jun 2022
				Aspirin or clopidogrel alone
NCT01995370 (CSPS.com Trial, Pubmed \| Neurology)	Phase 4	Stroke	1,879	Cilostazol with aspirin or clopidogrel	fdnmfivngj(qhiwadthps) = hhudpmlbrj eorgqvgybn (dfbljcputi )	Positive	08 Mar 2022
				Aspirin or clopidogrel alone	fdnmfivngj(qhiwadthps) = zjybcrvvye eorgqvgybn (dfbljcputi )
NCT01995370 (CSPS.com Trial, ISC2022)	Phase 4	Constriction, Pathologic	-	Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) using Cilostazol	xtaimbvvaq(sacccdgoaw) = eihhjbnjox vxfdlzpvev (ihejwkdven ) View more	-	01 Feb 2022
				Single Antiplatelet Therapy (SAPT) with Aspirin or Clopidogrel	xtaimbvvaq(sacccdgoaw) = cnuutaejla vxfdlzpvev (ihejwkdven ) View more
NCT04069819 (Pubmed \| CNS Neurosci Ther)	Not Applicable	Depressive Disorder, Major	80	Cilostazol 50 mg	ebndktxhap(zcacarincw) = dkhwrveyir shksrzqudn (hvhqbyqkxe ) View more	Positive	01 Dec 2021
				Placebo	ebndktxhap(zcacarincw) = ogbimsatjs shksrzqudn (hvhqbyqkxe ) View more
NCT01932203 (Pubmed \| Stroke)	Phase 4	Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases	256	Cilostazol	hpcdffjfry(glgbxmyexp): hazard ratio = 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02 - 0.89)	-	16 Nov 2021
				Aspirin

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