A Randomized, Open-label, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics Following Administration of IN-M00002 Tablet and Co-administration of Tegoprazan and Naproxen, and to Evaluate Food-effect of IN-M00002 Tablet in Healthy Adult Volunteers

This study aims to evaluate the pharmacokinetic (PK) following administration of IN-M00002 tablet and co-administration of tegoprazan and naproxen, and to evaluate food-effect of IN-M00002 tablet in healthy adult volunteers

Start Date27 Dec 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

HK inno.N Corp.

NCT06917118

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Multimodal Pain Management After Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet Orthopedic Hand Surgery: A Randomized Control Trial

The main objective of the study is to measure the efficacy of a multimodal postoperative pain regimen consisting of oral acetaminophen and naproxen compared to a traditional opioid-only pain regimen following elective wide awake local anesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) hand surgery in a Hispanic population. The study is a randomized control trial comparing the clinical outcomes of patients undergoing elective WALANT hand surgery performed by a board-certified, fellowship-trained orthopedic hand surgeon (Dr. Christian A. Foy).
The study groups are:
* Control group: standard pain control with opioids
* Experimental group: multimodal non-opioid pain control
Study Outcomes are:
* VAS pain scores (7 days),
* Total opioid usage
* Patient satisfaction
* Adverse events
We hypothesize that patients receiving multimodal pain regimens will report lower opioid use, lower pain scores, and greater satisfaction than patients receiving traditional opioid-only pain management.

Start Date01 May 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Puerto Rico

NCT06861920

/ RecruitingPhase 4

Targeting Interindividual Variability in NSAID Responses to Mitigate Chronic Pelvic Pain Risk in Dysmenorrhea (NSAID HEAL)

The goal of this clinical trial is to learn if NSAIDs (i.e. naproxen sodium) can treat menstrual pain and prevent the development of chronic pelvic pain in menstruating adults with painful periods. The main questions it aims to answer are:
* Can non-menstrual pelvic pain reduction be predicted by menstrual pain response to NSAIDs?
* Will participants with the largest reductions in multi-site sensitivity following NSAID therapy have the largest reductions in non-menstrual pelvic pain?
Researchers will compare naproxen sodium to a placebo (a look-alike substance that contains no drug) to see if naproxen sodium works to treat painful periods.
Participants will:
* Take naproxen sodium or placebo during several days of their menstrual period every month for 1 year.
* Complete computer questionnaires and tests from home every 3 months.
* Complete at-home urine tests to measure hormones every few days for 1-year.
* Use a pin-prick to collect a small spot of blood, and use a pad or tampon to collect a sample of menstrual blood, and bring it to the research site twice over a 1-year period.
* Come to the research site twice over a 1-year period to complete sensory assessments and undergo a blood draw.
The major goal of the study is to develop a multivariable statistical model (see https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-NS-24-021.html ) describing the factors that effectiveness of pain medication and risk for chronic pain

Start Date07 Apr 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Endeavor Health

[+2]

100 Clinical Results associated with Naproxen

100 Translational Medicine associated with Naproxen

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Naproxen

12,977

Literatures (Medical) associated with Naproxen

01 Jun 2026·Journal of Stomatology Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

The association between common NSAID use and early dental implant failure: A large-scale retrospective cohort study

Article

Author: Wolff, Larry F ; Chatzopoulos, Georgios S

INTRODUCTION:

The impact of NSAIDs on osseointegration remains controversial, with conflicting evidence from animal models and human clinical trials. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the use of common Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and the risk of early dental implant failure in a large, real-world patient cohort.

METHODS:

This retrospective cohort study utilized an EHR database of 12,943 patients receiving 49,997 implants. Patients were divided into an NSAID group (n=3,133) and a non-NSAID control group (n=9,810). The primary outcome was early implant failure, defined as implant removal within six months of placement. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to calculate Odds Ratios (ORs) for failure, adjusting for patient age, gender, history of diabetes, and history of osteoporosis. Analyses were conducted at both the implant and patient levels.

RESULTS:

Patients in the NSAID group were significantly older (62.8 vs. 58.7 years, p<0.0001) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes (22.0% vs. 16.7%, p<0.0001) and osteoporosis (11.0% vs. 7.0%, p<0.0001). After adjusting for confounders, implant-level analysis showed that Ibuprofen use (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.48-3.55; p<0.0001) and Naproxen use (OR 2.65; 95% CI 1.22-5.75; p=0.0137) were significantly associated with increased odds of early failure. At the patient level, the association remained highly significant for Ibuprofen (OR 2.87; 95% CI 1.83-4.51; p<0.0001), but not for Naproxen (p=0.0689).

CONCLUSION:

The use of Ibuprofen and, to a lesser extent, Naproxen, is associated with a significantly increased risk of early dental implant failure, independent of other patient risk factors. Clinicians should consider these findings when formulating post-operative analgesic plans, particularly for patients with complex medical histories.

01 Jun 2026·ARCHIVES OF MEDICAL RESEARCH

Introducing an In Vivo Protocol to Evaluate Skin Penetration of Topical Drugs: Proof-of-Concept with Naproxen in Humans

Article

Author: González-Flores, María de Lourdes ; Jiménez-Andrade, Juan Miguel ; Cabrera-Fuentes, Hector A ; Ruiz-Ruiz, Mariannela C ; Vázquez-Román, Ruth ; Castañeda-Hernández, Gilberto

BACKGROUND:

Current clinical guidelines recommend the use of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as naproxen, to treat hand and knee osteoarthritis and other musculoskeletal disorders. However, detailed insights into naproxen's cutaneous pharmacokinetics remain underexplored.

AIM:

This study aims to provide quantitative in vivo evidence that naproxen skin penetration follows Fick's law of diffusion. In addition, it seeks to explore whether the penetration profile is compatible with localized presystemic retention, which could improve therapeutic efficacy and limit systemic exposure.

METHODS:

Five healthy volunteers participated in this proof-of-concept study. A commercially available 5.5% naproxen sodium gel was applied to the volar surface of the forearm, and naproxen penetration kinetics were determined. The naproxen penetration versus time profiles were fitted to a mathematical model assuming Fick's law of diffusion, and the model's predictive performance was evaluated.

RESULTS:

Naproxen skin penetration increased during the first 4 h reaching a plateau that indicated equilibrium was achieved and a presystemic drug reservoir was formed, limiting systemic exposure. The experimental data were adequately fitted by a mathematical model based on Fick's law of diffusion. Maximal naproxen release (M_∞), expressed as a percentage of the actually applied dose, was 23.85 ± 1.81%. The penetration rate constant (k) was 0.73 ± 0.18 h^-1, and the penetration half-life (t_1/2) was 0.99 ± 0.21 h.

CONCLUSION:

This study demonstrates that topical naproxen follows predictable Fickian kinetics and shows a potential tissue-level reservoir after penetration. This supports its use as a safe and effective topical agent for localized inflammatory conditions.

01 Mar 2026·ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA

Lipase-based HKUST-1 (Cu) biocomposites as chiral stationary phase for enantiomer separation in capillary electrochromatography

Article

Author: Ji, Yibing ; Zhang, Jiale ; Chen, Keyan ; Tang, Mengxue ; Mu, Qixuan

BACKGROUND:

Enantiomers may have differences in biological effects, pharmacological activity, and toxicity. Currently, global regulatory authorities are imposing increasingly stringent approval requirements for single-enantiomer drugs. Coupled with the continued growth of the chiral pharmaceutical market, this makes the development of chiral separation technology an urgent scientific task. Therefore, the separation and analysis of chiral drug enantiomers are directly related to human health. Enzyme-based chiral stationary phase (CSP) is a promising platform. Unfortunately, the fragility of natural enzymes, as well as the complexity and low efficiency of the preparation process, hinder their practical application in chiral separation.

RESULTS:

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs), which have enormous potential in the fields of enzyme immobilization and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) separation, were explored as support materials with good enzyme immobilization performance and CSP with separation abilities. Lipase (from porcine pancreatic) was encapsulated into a metal organic framework (MOF) under the concept of "in situ". Effective enzyme loading capacity enables composite materials (Lipase@HKUST-1) to inherit lipase's natural chiral recognition ability. On this basis, inspired by the same concept, Lipase@HKUST-1 was directly grown in the open column for capillary electrochromatography (CEC). By optimizing the interface combination method and simplifying the column preparation steps, the efficiency and performance of capillary column preparation have been effectively improved. Enantiomer separation of multi-chiral drugs such as naproxen and chlorpheniramine has been achieved. Theoretical calculations further explore potential chiral recognition mechanisms.

SIGNIFICANCE:

The effective combination of cost-effective lipase (from porcine pancreatic) and MOF materials enriches the library of chiral materials for enantioseparation. The understanding of the chiral recognition mechanism inspires the design of ideal performance materials. The highly stable MOF separation platform for biological functions has introduced a pioneering research paradigm for the CSP development of OT-CEC.

News (Medical) associated with Naproxen

24 Feb 2026

·www.biospace.com

Artelo Biosciences Provides Business Update Highlighting Clinical Progress and Reports Fiscal 2025 Year-End Financial Results

Positive human data and upcoming clinical catalysts across portfolio SOLANA BEACH, Calif., Feb. 24, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Artelo Biosciences, Inc. (Nasdaq: ARTL) (“Artelo” or the “Company”), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company focused on modulating lipid-signaling pathways to develop treatments for people living with cancer, pain, dermatological, or neurological conditions, today provided a business update and announced its financial and operational results for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025. Business Highlights: Successful Phase 1 study with ART26.12: Reported positive first-in-human Phase 1 single ascending dose (SAD) clinical data demonstrating a favorable safety profile, predictable pharmacokinetics, and dosing flexibility. As a result, the Company is working to complete preparations to open enrollment to the multiple ascending dose (MAD) study in the third quarter of 2026. Positive interim Phase 2 results with ART27.13: Announced positive interim Phase 2 CAReS data demonstrating improvements in body weight, lean body mass, and physical activity alongside a favorable side-effect pro to placebo in patients with cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. Streamlined regulatory pathway for ART12.11: Received favorable UK MHRA regulatory guidance supporting Phase 1 study plans and potential accelerated pathways. Pending outcome of toxicology study results in 2026, the Company plans to initiate human clinical studies with an oral solid dosage form during the first half of 2027. “2025 was a pivotal year clinically for Artelo, marked by meaningful progress across all our core programs,” stated Gregory D. Gorgas, Chief Executive Officer of Artelo, “We successfully completed a first-in-human Phase 1 SAD study for ART26.12 and validated our FABP5 inhibition approach to pain management. These results were further strengthened by positive preclinical efficacy data with ART26.12 which demonstrated sustained analgesic effects without tolerance in an osteoarthritis pain model, with efficacy comparable to naproxen and a potentially safer profile. We are excited to be progressing this program as a differentiated, non-opioid, non-steroidal alternative for pain” “We were very pleased to report positive interim Phase 2 CAReS data for ART27.13. These results reinforced ART27.13’s potential as a meaningful therapeutic strategy to address the significant unmet medical need in patients with cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome. In addition, we received a Notice of Allowance from the European Patent Office covering the intended commercial formulation of ART27.13 and extending patent protection through December 2041. Together, the clinical progress and enhanced intellectual property position have advanced partner interest in supporting the program’s next stage of development.” “In parallel, we were pleased with the UK MHRA’s favorable regulatory guidance supporting our Phase 1 clinical plans for ART 12.11. As presented at the 35th Annual International Cannabinoid Research Society Symposium, ART12.11’s positive preclinical efficacy was confirmed by its robust antidepressant-like activity in a stress-induced depression model, with efficacy comparable to sertraline (Zoloft) and differentiated cognitive benefits not observed with leading SSRIs. Our team is therefore preparing to initiate first-in-human studies with an oral solid dosage form early next year.” Gorgas concluded by stating that “Looking ahead, we are firmly focused on disciplined clinical execution, strategic collaboration, and prudent capital management to drive shareholder value.” Fiscal 2025 Year-End Financial Results R&D Expenses: Research and development expenses were $5.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. G&A Expenses: General and administrative expenses were $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $4.1 million in the prior year. Net Loss: For the year ended December 31, 2025, net loss was 12.9 million, or $12.52 per basic and diluted common share, compared to a net loss of $9.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2024. Cash and Investments: Cash and investments totaled $0.6 million as of December 31, 2025. About Artelo Biosciences Artelo Biosciences, Inc. is a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of proprietary therapeutics that modulate lipid-signaling pathways, with a diversified pipeline addressing significant unmet needs in anorexia, cancer, anxiety, dermatologic conditions, pain, and inflammation. Led by an experienced executive team collaborating with world-class researchers and technology partners, Artelo applies rigorous scientific, regulatory, commercial, and treasury management practices, including digital assets, to maximize stakeholder value. More information is available at and X: @ArteloBio. About ART26.12 ART26.12, Artelo’s lead Fatty Acid Binding Protein 5 (FABP5) inhibitor, is under development as a novel, peripherally acting, non-opioid, non-steroidal analgesic, initially for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Human studies with ART26.12 have demonstrated a favorable safety pro no serious adverse events, as well as predictable, linear pharmacokinetics and dosing flexibility in both fed and fasted states. Fatty Acid Binding Proteins (FABPs) are a family of intracellular proteins that chaperone lipids important to normal cellular function. In addition to ART26.12, Artelo’s extensive library of small molecule inhibitors of FABPs has shown therapeutic promise for the treatment of certain cancers, neuropathic and nociceptive pain, psoriasis, and anxiety disorders. About ART27.13 ART27.13 is a novel cannabinoid receptor agonist being developed as supportive care for people with cancer experiencing anorexia and cachexia. Administered orally once daily, the treatment goals with ART27.13 are to improve appetite, body weight, and activity levels while preserving muscle and elevating quality of life. Initially developed by AstraZeneca plc, ART27.13 selectively targets peripheral cannabinoid (CB 1 and CB 2 ) receptors to avoid the psychoactive side effects typically associated with some cannabinoids. While exhibiting a favorable safety pro all doses in the CAReS trial, interim analysis from the blinded and randomized Phase 2 study demonstrated a mean weight gain of over 6% for participants that received the top dose of ART27.13 compared to a 5% loss in the placebo group. A weight loss of more than 5% can predict a poor outcome for cancer patients and a lower response to therapy. Currently, there is no FDA approved treatment for cancer anorexia cachexia syndrome. About CAReS The Cancer Appetite Recovery Study (CAReS) is a Phase 1/2 randomized, placebo-controlled trial of the Company’s lead clinical program, ART27.13, in people with cancer experiencing anorexia and weight loss. Cancer-related anorexia, or the lack or loss of appetite in the person with cancer, may result from the cancer and/or its treatment with radiation or chemotherapy. It is common for people with cancer to lose weight. Anorexia and the resulting weight loss can affect a patient’s health, often weakening their immune system and causing discomfort and dehydration. Interim data from the Phase 2 portion of CAReS showed improvements in lean body mass, weight gain, and activity among patients treated with all doses of ART27.13, particularly at the highest dose, compared to the participants administered placebo. (ISRCTN registry: ) About ART12.11 ART12.11 is Artelo’s wholly owned, proprietary cocrystal composition of cannabidiol (CBD) and tetramethylpyrazine (TMP). Isolated as a single crystalline form, ART12.11 has exhibited better pharmacokinetics and improved efficacy compared to other forms of CBD in nonclinical studies. Artelo has received favorable UK MHRA regulatory guidance supporting Phase 1 study plans and potential accelerated pathways with plans to initiate human clinical studies in the first half of 2026. Greatly enhanced pharmaceutical properties, including physicochemical, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic advantages have been observed with ART12.11. Artelo believes a more consistent and improved bioavailability pro ultimately lead to increased safety and efficacy in humans, thus making ART12.11 a preferred CBD pharmaceutical composition. The US issued composition-of-matter patent for ART12.11 is enforceable until December 10, 2038 and has now been granted or validated in 21 additional countries. Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Private Securities Litigation Reform Act, as amended, including those relating to the Company’s product development, clinical and regulatory timelines, market opportunity, competitive position, possible or assumed future results of operations, business strategies, potential growth opportunities and other statements that are predictive in nature. These forward-looking statements are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about the industry and markets in which we operate and management’s current beliefs and assumptions. These statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking expressions, including, but not limited to, “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “believe,” “estimate,” “potential,” “predict,” “project,” “should,” “would” and similar expressions and the negatives of those terms. These statements relate to future events or our financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such factors include those set forth in the Company’s filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our ability to raise additional capital in the future. Prospective investors are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except to the extent required by applicable securities laws. Investor Relations Contact: Crescendo Communications, LLC Tel: 212-671-1020 Email: ARTL@crescendo-ir.com

Clinical ResultPhase 1Phase 2Financial Statement

18 Feb 2026

·www.prnewswire.com

OTC Medicines Play Central Role in How Americans Manage Health, New Study Finds

National Survey of 21,000 Adults Captures Seven-Day Snapshot of Medication Use; OTC and Prescription Medicines Used in Tandem to Address Distinct Health Needs WASHINGTON, Feb. 18, 2026 /PRNewswire/ -- A new, nationally-representative study published in the peer-reviewed medical journal JAMA Network Open provides a detailed picture of U.S. adults' use of over-the-counter (OTC) and prescription (Rx) medications. The study finds that nearly two-thirds (62%) of U.S. adults — approximately 166.5 million people — reported using at least one medication in the past seven days. Notably, 46% of those surveyed reported the use of an OTC medication during that same period, often to address everyday, self-treatable healthcare. Continue Reading Medication use among U.S. adults in the previous seven days. Based on a nationally representative survey of 21,000 adults, responses were statistically weighted to reflect the U.S. adult population. Rather than focusing on prescriptions written or medications taken at any point during an individual's lifetime, the study, Prevalence of Over-the-Counter and Prescription Medication Use in the US (Green et al, 2026), captures a snapshot of recent, self-reported use. Within a seven-day period, OTC and prescription medicines were reported at nearly identical rates, reflecting the co-use of different types of medicines within the same week to address distinct health needs. "These findings show that OTC medicines are an important part of everyday health management for millions of Americans," said CHPA President and CEO Scott Melville. "As policymakers consider new approaches to improve the accessibility and affordability of healthcare, it's important to recognize the vital role OTC medicines already play in helping Americans manage healthcare needs. And supporting that role through sound policy, regulatory rigor, and public education remains a CHPA priority." "Usually, medication evidence comes from prescriptions dispensed by pharmacies or products sold," said Jody Green Ph.D., principal investigator of the study, "but in this study we focused on what people actually used in the past seven days, which provides a clearer picture of how American adults manage their health conditions in daily life." What the Study Measured Adults often manage multiple health concerns at once, using more than one medication during a given week. The study evaluated recent, self-reported use of OTC and prescription medications across a range of common conditions, including both single-ingredient and fixed-dose combination products. No information was collected on the care settings in which medications were taken or on health outcomes. The findings reflect how U.S. adults report managing their individual health needs through the use of both OTC and prescription medications. Prescription medications are commonly used for more serious or longer-term conditions, while OTC medicines are frequently used to manage short-term and everyday ailments. What Americans Use Most The published study identified the most commonly used Rx and OTC medicines reported by U.S. adults in the past seven days. The list includes familiar OTC products alongside widely used prescription medicines for chronic conditions, reflecting the mix of self-care and clinician-directed treatments people report using in everyday life. This mix underscores an important reality: healthcare is not an either-or proposition. It is a continuum in which consumers responsibly combine self-care and clinician-guided treatments to meet their needs. "It's also notable that several of the most commonly used OTCs on the list were once only available by prescription," continued Melville. "Over the years, OTC medications — like naproxen, omeprazole, cetirizine, and loratadine to name a few — went through FDA's Rx-to-OTC switch process to change their status from prescription-only access to OTC. Their appearance on the list among the most commonly-used medicines is a great example of how smart regulatory changes can expand consumer access to safe and effective treatments for better self-care." Notably, the four most commonly used medicines overall — acetaminophen, ibuprofen, aspirin, and naproxen — are all available over the counter, with the top three unchanged from patterns observed in national medication use surveys conducted approximately 25 years ago. The top 20 most commonly used medications include: Source: Green, et al (2026), Table 3 OTC Medicines in Everyday Use One of the key findings of the study is the extent to which OTC medicines are used for self-treatable health concerns. Overall, six of the 10 most commonly used medicines identified in this study are available, or primarily available, as an OTC medication. OTCs, Self-Care, and Health Policy These findings provide updated, real-world context on how Americans use both Rx and OTC medicines as part of everyday health management. By documenting recent medication use rather than prescriptions written or products sold, the study offers relevant data to inform ongoing discussions about self-care, access, and the appropriate role of nonprescription medicines within the broader healthcare landscape. Study Methods Researchers conducted a large, nationally representative survey of U.S. adults, asking participants to report all prescription and OTC medicines they had used in the previous seven days. Responses were statistically weighted to reflect the U.S. adult population. By focusing on recent use rather than prescriptions written or lifetime recall, the study captures actual medication use within a defined, seven-day reporting period. Sample size: 21,000 U.S. adults Timeframe: June 2023 through April 2024 Recall window: Past seven days Additional study details, including full methodology and detailed findings, are available in this fact sheet. See the full article here.The Consumer Healthcare Products Association (CHPA), founded in 1881, is the national trade association representing the leading manufacturers and marketers of consumer healthcare products, including over-the-counter (OTC) medicines, dietary supplements, and OTC medical devices. CHPA is committed to empowering self-care by ensuring that Americans have access to products they can count on to be reliable, affordable, and convenient, while also delivering new and better ways to get and stay healthy. Visit SOURCE Consumer Healthcare Products Association 21% more press release views with Request a Demo

20 Jan 2026

·www.sciencedaily.com

A common painkiller may be quietly changing cancer risk

Ibuprofen may be doing more than easing aches and pains—it could also help reduce the risk of some cancers. Studies have linked regular use to lower rates of endometrial and bowel cancer, likely because the drug dampens inflammation that fuels tumor growth. Researchers have even found it can interfere with genes cancer cells rely on to survive. Still, experts warn that long-term use carries risks and shouldn’t replace proven prevention strategies.Ibuprofen is one of the most widely used pain relievers in the United States, commonly taken for headaches, muscle aches, and menstrual pain. New research suggests this familiar medication may have effects that go beyond pain relief. Scientists are now examining whether it could also play a role in lowering the risk of certain cancers. As research continues to reveal how inflammation contributes to cancer development, ibuprofen has drawn growing attention. Its long-standing role as an anti-inflammatory drug has raised interest in whether a common over-the-counter medicine could offer unexpected protection against disease. Ibuprofen belongs to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) family. The connection between NSAIDs and cancer prevention isn’t new: as far back as 1983, clinical evidence linked sulindac – an older prescription NSAID similar to ibuprofen – to a reduced incidence of colon cancer in certain patients. Since then, researchers have been investigating whether these drugs could help prevent or slow other cancers too. NSAIDs work by blocking enzymes called cyclooxygenases (COX). There are two main types. COX-1 helps protect the stomach lining, maintains kidney function, and plays a role in blood clotting. COX-2, on the other hand, drives inflammation. Most NSAIDs, including ibuprofen, inhibit both, which is why doctors recommend taking them with food rather than on an empty stomach. A 2025 study found that ibuprofen may lower the risk of endometrial cancer, the most common type of womb cancer, which starts in the lining of the uterus (the endometrium) and mainly affects women after menopause. One of the biggest preventable risk factors for endometrial cancer is being overweight or obese, since excess body fat increases levels of estrogen – a hormone that can stimulate cancer cell growth. Other risk factors include older age, hormone replacement therapy (particularly estrogen-only HRT), diabetes, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Early onset of menstruation, late menopause, or not having children also increase risk. Symptoms can include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain, and discomfort during sex. In the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) study, data from more than 42,000 women aged 55–74 was analyzed over 12 years. Those who reported taking at least 30 ibuprofen tablets per month had a 25% lower risk of developing endometrial cancer than those taking fewer than four tablets monthly. The protective effect appeared strongest among women with heart disease. Interestingly, aspirin – another common NSAID – did not show the same association with reduced risk in this or other studies. That said, aspirin may help prevent bowel cancer returning. Other NSAIDs, such as naproxen, have been studied for preventing colon, bladder, and breast cancers. The effectiveness of these drugs seems to depend on cancer type, genetics, and underlying health conditions. Evidence suggests that ibuprofen’s possible benefits may extend beyond endometrial cancer. Research has linked its use to a lower risk of bowel, breast, lung, and prostate cancers. For example, people who previously had bowel cancer and took ibuprofen were less likely to experience recurrence. It has also been shown to inhibit colon cancer growth and survival, and some evidence even suggests a protective effect against lung cancer in smokers. Inflammation is a hallmark of cancer and ibuprofen is, at its core, anti-inflammatory. By blocking COX-2 enzyme activity, the drug reduces production of prostaglandins, chemical messengers that drive inflammation and cell growth – including cancer cell growth. Lower prostaglandin levels may slow or stop tumour development. But that’s only part of the story. Ibuprofen also appears to influence cancer-related genes such as HIF-1α, NFκB, and STAT3, which help tumor cells survive in low-oxygen conditions and resist treatment. Ibuprofen seems to reduce the activity of these genes, making cancer cells more vulnerable. It can also alter how DNA is packaged within cells, potentially making cancer cells more sensitive to chemotherapy. But not all research points in the same direction. A study involving 7,751 patients found that taking aspirin after an endometrial cancer diagnosis was linked to higher mortality, particularly among those who had used aspirin before diagnosis. Other NSAIDs also appeared to increase cancer-related death risk. Conversely, a recent review found that NSAIDs, especially aspirin, may reduce the risk of several cancers – though regular use of other NSAIDs could raise the risk of kidney cancer. These conflicting results show how complex the interaction between inflammation, immunity, and cancer really is. Despite the promise, experts warn against self-medicating with ibuprofen for cancer prevention. Long-term or high-dose NSAID use can cause serious side effects such as stomach ulcers, gut bleeding, and kidney damage. Less commonly, they may trigger heart problems like heart attacks or strokes. NSAIDs also interact with several medications, including warfarin and certain antidepressants, increasing the risk of bleeding and other complications. The idea that a humble painkiller could help prevent cancer is both exciting and provocative. If future studies confirm these findings, ibuprofen might one day form part of a broader strategy for reducing cancer risk, especially in high-risk groups. For now, experts agree it’s wiser to focus on lifestyle-based prevention: eating anti-inflammatory foods, maintaining a healthy weight and staying physically active. Everyday medicines may still hold unexpected potential, but until the science is settled, the most reliable advice remains simple: eat well, stay active, and talk with your doctor before relying on any medication for prevention.

Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Naproxen

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00118	Naproxen	G02CC02 M01AE02 M02AA12	DB00788

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pain	China	Hubei Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	01 Jan 1983
Gout	China	Hubei Huazhong Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd.	01 Jan 1982
Analgesia	Japan	Nipro ES Pharma KK	24 Jan 1978
Inflammation	Japan	Nipro ES Pharma KK	24 Jan 1978
Ankylosing Spondylitis	United States	Atnahs Pharma US Ltd.	11 Mar 1976
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis	United States	Atnahs Pharma US Ltd.	11 Mar 1976
Osteoarthritis	United States	Atnahs Pharma US Ltd.	11 Mar 1976
Rheumatoid Arthritis	United States	Atnahs Pharma US Ltd.	11 Mar 1976

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Low Back Pain	Phase 3	-	Targeted Medical Pharma, Inc.	01 Feb 2009
Toothache	Phase 2	United States	Iroko Pharmaceuticals LLC	01 Oct 2010
Peptic Ulcer	Phase 1	United Kingdom	Oxford Pharmascience Ltd.	01 May 2015
Rheumatic Diseases	Phase 1	United Kingdom	Oxford Pharmascience Ltd.	01 Feb 2015

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT02502006 (Pubmed \| Hypertension)	Phase 2	-	16	Celecoxib 200 mg/d	igazfkmdav(ycrrmqzotr) = ilkofdlrnm urevnjjndp (jfhonzxpnw )	Positive	01 Feb 2026
				Naproxen 500 mg/d	flbhunpfut(sphnlnjcpe) = xwomglbxqq burnqvbtmc (nddunihgqr ) View more
NCT04115098 (Pubmed \| Rheumatology (Oxford))	Phase 2	Axial Spondyloarthritis	30	celecoxib	rydcmpgdti(xsliiwtroe) = wxdjzopkde sqmoaawrid (lgsqqwwhrp )	Positive	01 Dec 2025
				naproxen	rydcmpgdti(xsliiwtroe) = uqaldhoysp sqmoaawrid (lgsqqwwhrp )
ACR2025	Not Applicable	Axial Spondyloarthritis	30	Celecoxib	pscbxrmdvf(nedjnmsofd) = Adverse events were infrequent and mild across all NSAIDs, with only one serious adverse event (diarrhea) reported. penfzemonx (gvlhmjvrgl ) View more	Positive	24 Oct 2025
				Meloxicam
NCT03493945 (QuEST1, CTgov)	Phase 1/2	Locally Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm \| Advanced Malignant Solid Neoplasm	59	castration+M7824+BN-Brachyury (Phase IIA Dose Expansion (Dose Exp.), Cohort 2, Arm 2.1A)	ipvlozxprf = biqnlupvun evtlgrxbhu (ygwkkugcus, asutzqufwx - wrgrddguap) View more	-	08 Jun 2025
				N-803+M7824+BN-Brachyury (All Participants in Phase IIA Dose Expansion and Phase IIB Dose Expansion)	ipvlozxprf = vstfjqpubl evtlgrxbhu (ygwkkugcus, kmcxxcmmcj - gqzdykwnyt) View more
NCT03771612 (CTgov)	Early Phase 1	Inflammation	144	Naproxen (Naproxen)	anjjlkgueg(qcgflwlzhz) = orjpsvarah ubzxmsgnmu (uwirhibtjl, 10) View more	-	25 Feb 2025
				Placebos (Placebo)	anjjlkgueg(qcgflwlzhz) = ghuetlfygf ubzxmsgnmu (uwirhibtjl, 10.5) View more
NCT05026320 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Contusions \| Soft Tissue Injuries	76	Placebo gel	blmixzypoj(uydolcpgkp) = vekmqeably pbrewjgdsi (nhzfasbrps, husywdnpyy - tljfsbvdrt) View more	-	22 Jan 2025
NCT02451748 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Rheumatoid Arthritis	32	Lab Work (DMARD's Responder and Non-Responder)	xiivccigdc(pghdoujtkh) = vdyfupynxe qvqwabwtyx (zqqoopodgr, cgunrftuzb - kkgtxfgwui) View more	-	10 Jul 2024
				Naproxen+Medrol+Hydroxychloroquine+humira+prednisone+Lab Work+Triamcinolone+Methotrexate+Sulfasalazine+CDP870+Leflunomide (DMARD's Plus Cimzia (Certolizumab Pegol))	sfwooedxsn(ggeelmarwm) = owylgtpbkk bgfpusxaaw (idnynijcae, 0.132) View more
NCT03347929 (Pubmed \| Pain) Manual	Phase 4	Sciatica	123	Naproxen 500 mg	oxsxdeqwyb(qjgeiuylfd) = zjbackxfgl zrflwshjcd (mqjdbkoksm ) View more	Negative	04 Jun 2024
				Placebo	-
NCT04694300 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Mouth and Tooth Diseases \| Acute Pain	30	Tramadol+Naproxen (Naproxen Sodium)	taijjrswlc(tvsibsgfnf) = bcakxexwnv ouygetgmah (ghomqjcexo, aopmgljvjt - nafpzddday) View more	-	16 May 2024
				Tramadol+Acetaminophen (Acetaminophen)	taijjrswlc(tvsibsgfnf) = zxppdsbsqd ouygetgmah (ghomqjcexo, yumdetxtbt - etjncghxkh) View more
NCT02502006 (CTgov)	Phase 1	-	16	Celecoxib (Celecoxib)	ulgzuvzipm(spoujobchm) = eheaxdlovb zsclmcgulj (ipvpkkjbqc, 1357) View more	-	13 Dec 2023
				Naproxen (Naproxen)	ulgzuvzipm(spoujobchm) = mgvqdkjxtz zsclmcgulj (ipvpkkjbqc, 66.8) View more

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