An Open-Label, Parallel Group Study Designed to Investigate the Effect of the CYP3A Inducer Phenytoin and the CYP3A Inhibitor Itraconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Sonrotoclax (BGB-11417) in Healthy Subjects

This is a single-center, open-label, parallel group study designed to investigate the effect of CYP3A induction and inhibition following multiple doses of phenytoin (Part A) and itraconazole (Part B), respectively, on the pharmacokinetics of sonrotoclax in healthy volunteers.

Start Date19 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

BeiGene Ltd.

[+1]

IRCT20240617062155N1 / RecruitingPhase 3IIT

Comparison of the effectiveness of phenytoin and Levetiracetam and valproic acid in prevention of seizure of post traumatic brain hemorrahage

Start Date01 Aug 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Arak University of Medical Sciences

NCT06466473 / CompletedPhase 1

A PHASE 1, OPEN-LABEL, RANDOMIZED, SINGLE-DOSE, 2-WAY CROSSOVER, PIVOTAL BIOEQUIVALENCE STUDY COMPARING 50-MG CHEWABLE DILANTIN® INFATABS® MANUFACTURED AT VEGA BAJA (PUERTO RICO) AND ASCOLI (ITALY) IN HEALTHY ADULT PARTICIPANTS UNDER FASTING CONDITIONS

The purpose of this study is to understand how the different formulation of phenytoin is taken up into the blood in Healthy Adults.
This study is seeking healthy adult participants. All the study participants will receive Phenytoin 50 mg chewable tablets manufactured at Ascoli and Vega Baja manufacturing site.
We will measure how the phenytoin will be taken up into the blood in Healthy Adults following oral dosing of Phenytoin.
This will help us determine if the Phenytoin 50 mg chewable tablets manufactured at Ascoli and Vega Baja manufacturing site are similar or not.

Start Date03 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Pfizer Inc.

100 Clinical Results associated with Phenytoin

100 Translational Medicine associated with Phenytoin

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Phenytoin

16,108

Literatures (Medical) associated with Phenytoin

01 Feb 2025·Current pharmaceutical biotechnology

Exploring the Effects of Chirality of 5-methyl-5-[4-(4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2- yl)phenyl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione and its Derivatives on the Oncological Target Tankyrase 2. Atomistic Insights

Article

Author: Poonan, Preantha ; Soliman, Mahmoud E. S. ; Peters, Xylia Q. ; Salifu, Elliasu. Y. ; Abo-Dya, Nader E. ; Alahmdi, Mohamed I.

Background::

Tankyrases (TNKS) are homomultimers existing in two forms, viz. TNKS1 and TNKS2. TNKS2 plays a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by activating the Wnt//β- catenin pathway. TNKS2 has been identified as a suitable target in oncology due to its crucial role in mediating tumour progression. The discovery of 5-methyl-5-[4-(4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl) phenyl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione, a hydantoin phenylquinazolinone derivative which exists as a racemic mixture and in its pure enantiomer forms, has reportedly exhibited inhibitory potency towards TNKS2. However, the molecular events surrounding its chirality towards TNKS2 remain unresolved.

Methods::

Herein, we employed in silico methods such as molecular dynamics simulation coupled with binding free energy estimations to explore the mechanistic activity of the racemic inhibitor and its enantiomer forms on TNKS2 at a molecular level.

Results::

Favourable binding free energies were noted for all three ligands propelled by electrostatic and van der Waals forces. The positive enantiomer demonstrated the highest total binding free energy (-38.15 kcal/mol), exhibiting a more potent binding affinity to TNKS2. Amino acids PHE1035, ALA1038, and HIS1048; PHE1035, HIS1048 and ILE1039; and TYR1060, SER1033 and ILE1059 were identified as key drivers of TNKS2 inhibition for all three inhibitors, characterized by the contribution of highest residual energies and the formation of crucial high-affinity interactions with the bound inhibitors. Further assessment of chirality by the inhibitors revealed a stabilizing effect of the complex systems of all three inhibitors on the TNKS2 structure. Concerning flexibility and mobility, the racemic inhibitor and negative enantiomer revealed a more rigid structure when bound to TNKS2, which could potentiate biological activity interference. The positive enantiomer, however, displayed much more elasticity and flexibility when bound to TNKS2.

Conclusion::

Overall, 5-methyl-5-[4-(4-oxo-3H-quinazolin-2-yl)phenyl]imidazolidine-2,4-dione and its derivatives showed their inhibitory prowess when bound to the TNKS2 target via in silico assessment. Thus, results from this study offer insight into chirality and the possibility of adjustments of the enantiomer ratio to promote greater inhibitory results. These results could also offer insight into lead optimization to enhance inhibitory effects.

01 Jan 2025·Central nervous system agents in medicinal chemistry

A Review of the Association between Infections, Seizures, and Drugs

Article

Author: Tolou-Ghamari, Zahra

Background::

Seizures are a common presenting symptom of the central nervous system (CNS) and could occur from infections (such as toxins) or drugs.

Objective::

The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the association between infections, seizures, and drugs.

Methods::

From their inception to 18 February 2024 relevant in-depth consequent guide approach and the evidence-based choice were selected associated with a knowledgeable collection of current, high-quality manuscripts.

Results::

Imbalance between inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters due to infections, drugs such as ticarcillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, tramadol, venlafaxine, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, acyclovir, cellcept, the old generation of antiepileptic drugs, such as carbamazepine, phenytoin, and many other drugs could cause different stages of CNS disturbances ranging from seizure to encephalopathy. Infections could cause life-threatening status epilepticus by continuous unremitting seizures lasting longer than 5 minutes or recurrent seizures. Meningitis, tuberculosis, herpes simplex, cerebral toxoplasmosis, and many others could lead to status epilepticus. In fact, confusion, encephalopathy, and myoclonus were reported with drugs, such as ticarcillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, ampicillin, and others. Penicillin G was reported as having the greatest epileptogenic potential. A high dose, in addition to prolonged use of metronidazole, was reported with seizure infection. Meropenem could decrease the concentration of valproic acid. Due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 3A4, the combination of clarithromycin and erythromycin with carbamazepine needs vigilant monitoring.

Conclusion::

Due to changes in drug metabolism, co-administration of antiseizure drugs and antibiotics may lead to an enhanced risk of seizures. In patients with neurocysticercosis, cerebral malaria, viral encephalitis, bacterial meningitis, tuberculosis, and human immunodeficiency virus, the evidence-based study recommended different mechanisms mediating epileptogenic properties of toxins and drugs.

01 Jan 2025·BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS

The role of proton-coupled electron transfer from protein to heme in dehaloperoxidase

Article

Author: Madhuresh, Nikhila Kashyap Dhanvantari ; Franzen, Stefan ; Ghiladi, Reza A. ; Ghiladi, Reza A ; Aktar, Mst Sharmin

At least two of the six methionine (Met) residues in dehaloperoxidase (DHP) are shown to act as electron donors in both autoreduction and protein-heme crosslinking. Autoreduction observed in the two isozymes, DHP-A and DHP-B, is explained by the high heme reduction potential and an endogenous source of electrons from methionine (Met) or cysteine (Cys). This study provides evidence of a connection to protein-heme crosslinking that occurs when DHP is activated by H₂O₂ in competition with substrate oxidation and autoreduction. The autoreduction yields of DHP-A and DHP-B are comparable and both are inversely proportional to DHP concentration. Both isoenzymes show an anti-cooperative effect on autoreduction kinetics associated with protein dimerization. Despite the presence of five tyrosine (Tyr) amino acids in DHP-A and four Tyr in DHP-B, the mass spectral evidence does not support a Tyr-heme or interprotein Tyr-Tyr crosslinking event as observed in some mammalian myoglobins. LC-MS and tandem MS/MS studies revealed three amino acids that were involved in the heme-protein crosslink, Cys73, Met63 and Met64. Cys73 facilitates dimer formation in DHP-A which also appears to slow the rate of autoreduction, but is not involved in covalent protein-heme crosslinking. Based on mutational studies, Met63 and 64 are involved in both covalent heme crosslinking and autoreduction. Proton-coupled electron transfer and crosslinking by Met to the heme may serve to regulate DHP function and protect it from uncontrolled oxidative damage.

111

News (Medical) associated with Phenytoin

08 Dec 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

SK Life Science, Inc. Presents XCOPRI® (cenobamate tablets) CV Data at the AES 2024 Annual Meeting Showing a Deeper Understanding of Cenobamate's Dual Mechanism of Action

PARAMUS, N.J., Dec. 8, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- SK Life Science, Inc., a global leader in treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders and a subsidiary of SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., presented data at the American Epilepsy Society (AES) Annual Meeting, showcasing its antiseizure medication XCOPRI® (cenobamate tablets) CV. Key data offered a better understanding of cenobamate's unique dual mechanism of action (MOA) that enhances GABAergic inhibition at the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) ion channel and reduces neuronal excitability by preferentially inhibiting the persistent sodium current. Continue Reading "We are a company dedicated to advancing treatment options for epilepsy, supporting the epilepsy community and providing meaningful solutions for patients and their families," said Louis Ferrari, BS, RPh, MBA, vice president, Medical Affairs at SK Life Science. "It is critically important for patients with epilepsy to achieve seizure control as early as possible. The data we presented at AES offer new insights into our drug's unique dual MOA and highlight the potential for flexible and individualized dosing with cenobamate which, along with adjustment of concomitant ASMs to improve tolerability, may help more patients achieve optimal seizure reduction. Additionally, our data provided objective evidence of our treatment's effect on patterns of electrical activity in the brain and seizure reduction." We are dedicated to advancing treatment options and providing meaningful solutions for the epilepsy community. Post this Clarification of the MOA of cenobamate Deeper understanding of cenobamate's bi-modal mechanism of action further elucidates its dual role on voltage-gated sodium channels and GABAA receptors. Specifically, in preclinical studies, researchers observed cenobamate's selectivity for blockade of persistent sodium currents (INaP), while sparing the transient sodium current (INaT). The effect of cenobamate's selective INaP block on the resting membrane potential is augmented by its positive allosteric modulation of GABAA receptor-mediated tonic currents. Cenobamate's selectivity for the INaP over the INaT likely represents action on the NaV1.6 channel over the NaV1.1 channel, a feature not seen with traditional ASMs, like phenytoin or carbamazepine. Potential for flexible and individualized dosing New data examining the initial doses of cenobamate that were associated with seizure freedom in the phase 3 open-label efficacy subset showed the initial seizure freedom interval occurred at a wide range of cenobamate doses, with some patients requiring higher doses. These data highlight the potential for flexible and individualized dosing with cenobamate which, along with adjustment of concomitant antiseizure medication to improve tolerability, may help more patients achieve optimal seizure reduction. The effect of cenobamate on responsive neurostimulation epileptiform events A retrospective, multicenter, observational, 24-week study among 37 patients with uncontrolled seizures, showed a significant reduction in epileptiform events along with a significant reduction in clinically reported seizures during adjunctive cenobamate treatment. Results from this analysis demonstrate, through electrocorticographic data and observation of clinical seizures, the effectiveness of cenobamate in the treatment of focal seizures. The complete list of SK Life Science abstracts presented at AES can be found here. About SK Life Science, Inc. and SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. SK Life Science, Inc., with headquarters in Paramus, New Jersey, is a U.S. subsidiary of SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., a pioneering South Korean company in drug development and commercialization. Together, they are advancing innovative treatments for central nervous system (CNS) disorders and oncology, with eight compounds currently in development. SK Life Science and SK Biopharmaceuticals are committed to addressing critical unmet medical needs for patients with conditions such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, and schizophrenia. For more information, visit . SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. is part of SK Group, South Korea's second-largest conglomerate. SK Group is a collection of global industry-leading companies driving innovations in energy, advanced materials, biopharmaceuticals and digital business. For more information about SK Biopharmaceuticals, visit . About XCOPRI® (cenobamate tablets) CV Cenobamate is an antiseizure medication (ASM) discovered and developed by SK Biopharmaceuticals and SK Life Science. Cenobamate reduces neuronal excitability through a unique dual mechanism of action, preferentially inhibiting the persistent sodium current and enhancing GABAergic inhibition at the type A γ-aminobutyric acid (GABAA) ion channel. The precise mechanism by which Cenobamate exerts its therapeutic effect is unknown. Cenobamate is marketed under the brand name XCOPRI® in the U.S. by SK Life Science, Inc. Additionally, XCOPRI is commercialized in Canada and Israel by SK Biopharmaceuticals' partners, Paladin Labs Inc. and Dexcel Ltd. Cenobamate is marketed as ONTOZRY® by Angelini Pharma S.p.A. in Europe, the UK, and Switzerland. Cenobamate is also being developed for commercialization by SK Biopharmaceuticals' partners in many other countries to meet the needs of patients living with epilepsy, including Dong-A ST Co., Ltd., Eurofarma Laboratórios S.A., Hikma MENA FZE, Ignis Therapeutics, Inc. and ONO Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. XCOPRI® and ONTOZRY® are registered trademarks of SK Biopharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATION AND INDICATION FOR XCOPRI® (cenobamate tablets) CV DO NOT TAKE XCOPRI IF YOU: Are allergic to cenobamate or any of the other ingredients in XCOPRI. Have a genetic problem (called Familial Short QT syndrome) that affects the electrical system of the heart. XCOPRI CAN CAUSE SERIOUS SIDE EFFECTS, INCLUDING: Allergic reactions: XCOPRI can cause serious skin rash or other serious allergic reactions which may affect organs and other parts of your body like the liver or blood cells. You may or may not have a rash with these types of reactions. Call your healthcare provider right away and go to the nearest emergency room if you have any of the following: swelling of your face, eyes, lips, or tongue, trouble swallowing or breathing, a skin rash, hives, fever, swollen glands, or sore throat that does not go away or comes and goes, painful sores in the mouth or around your eyes, yellowing of your skin or eyes, unusual bruising or bleeding, severe fatigue or weakness, severe muscle pain, frequent infections, or infections that do not go away. Take XCOPRI exactly as your healthcare provider tells you to take it. It is very important to increase your dose of XCOPRI slowly, as instructed by your healthcare provider. QT shortening: XCOPRI may cause problems with the electrical system of the heart (QT shortening). Call your healthcare provider if you have symptoms of QT shortening including fast heartbeat (heart palpitations) that last a long time or fainting. Suicidal behavior and ideation: Antiepileptic drugs, including XCOPRI, may cause suicidal thoughts or actions in a very small number of people, about 1 in 500. Call your health care provider right away if you have any of the following symptoms, especially if they are new, worse, or worry you: thoughts about suicide or dying; attempting to commit suicide; new or worse depression, anxiety, or irritability; feeling agitated or restless; panic attacks; trouble sleeping (insomnia); acting aggressive; being angry or violent; acting on dangerous impulses; an extreme increase in activity and talking (mania); or other unusual changes in behavior or mood. Nervous system problems: XCOPRI may cause problems that affect your nervous system. Symptoms of nervous system problems include: dizziness, trouble walking or with coordination, feeling sleepy and tired, trouble concentrating, remembering, and thinking clearly, and vision problems. Do not drive, operate heavy machinery, or do other dangerous activities until you know how XCOPRI affects you. Do not drink alcohol or take other medicines that can make you sleepy or dizzy while taking XCOPRI without first talking to your healthcare provider. DISCONTINUATION: Do not stop taking XCOPRI without first talking to your healthcare provider. Stopping XCOPRI suddenly can cause serious problems. Stopping seizure medicine suddenly in a patient who has epilepsy can cause seizures that will not stop (status epilepticus). DRUG INTERACTIONS: XCOPRI may affect the way other medicines work, and other medicines may affect how XCOPRI works. Do not start or stop other medicines without talking to your healthcare provider. Tell healthcare providers about all the medicines you take, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins and herbal supplements. PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: XCOPRI may cause your birth control medicine to be less effective. Talk to your health care provider about the best birth control method to use. Talk to your health care provider if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. It is not known if XCOPRI will harm your unborn baby. Tell your healthcare provider right away if you become pregnant while taking XCOPRI. You and your healthcare provider will decide if you should take XCOPRI while you are pregnant. If you become pregnant while taking XCOPRI, talk to your healthcare provider about registering with the North American Antiepileptic Drug (NAAED) Pregnancy Registry. The purpose of this registry is to collect information about the safety of antiepileptic medicine during pregnancy. You can enroll in this registry by calling 1-888-233-2334 or go to . Talk to your health care provider if you are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if XCOPRI passes into breastmilk. Talk to your healthcare provider about the best way to feed your baby while taking XCOPRI. COMMON SIDE EFFECTS: The most common side effects in patients taking XCOPRI include dizziness, sleepiness, headache, double vision, and feeling tired. These are not all the possible side effects of XCOPRI. Tell your healthcare provider if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away. For more information, ask your healthcare provider or pharmacist. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or at . DRUG ABUSE: XCOPRI is a federally controlled substance (CV) because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep XCOPRI in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse. Selling or giving away XCOPRI may harm others and is against the law. INDICATION: XCOPRI is a prescription medicine used to treat partial-onset seizures in adults 18 years of age and older. It is not known if XCOPRI is safe and effective in children under 18 years of age. Please see additional patient information in the Medication Guide. This information does not take the place of talking with your healthcare provider about your condition or your treatment. Please see full Prescribing Information. About Epilepsy Epilepsy is the fourth most common neurological disorder. There are approximately 3.4 million people living with epilepsy in the United States, with 150,000 new cases each year in the country.1,2 Epilepsy is characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. The seizures in epilepsy may be related to a brain injury or a family tendency, but often the cause is completely unknown. Having seizures and epilepsy can affect one's safety, relationships, work, driving, and much more.3,4 People with epilepsy are at risk for accidents and other health complications, including falling, drowning, depression and sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP).3,4 Despite the availability of many antiepileptic therapies, almost 40 percent of people with epilepsy are not able to achieve seizure freedom, meaning they have epilepsy that remains uncontrolled.5 References Epilepsy Foundation. Who Can Get Epilepsy? . Accessed December 2024. Epilepsy Foundation. Facts & Statistics About Epilepsy. . Accessed December 2024. Epilepsy Foundation. Staying Safe. . Accessed December 2024. Epilepsy Foundation. Complications and Risks. . Accessed December 2024. Chen Z, Brodie MJ, Liew D, Kwan P. Treatment outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy treated with established and new antiepileptic drugs: a 30-year longitudinal cohort study. . Published online December 26, 2017. SOURCE SK Life Science, Inc. WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Clinical ResultDrug ApprovalPhase 3

06 Dec 2024

·www.drugs.com

Many Women With Epilepsy Unaware of Seizure Meds' Risks to Pregnancy

FRIDAY, Dec. 6, 2024 -- Many women with epilepsy who are of childbearing age might not realize their anti-seizure drugs can raise the risk of birth defects or dampen the effectiveness of their birth control, a new study warns. Likewise, some birth control methods can cause anti-seizure meds to be less effective, researchers reported Friday in a presentation at the annual meeting of the American Epilepsy Society in Los Angeles. “Many neurologists do not learn about birth control in their training, even though they know that anti-seizure medications may have some risks in pregnancy,” said senior researcher Dr. Sarah Betstadt , an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at the University of Rochester Medical Center. “We hope this study raises awareness for patients and encourages health care providers from neurology and reproductive health care to work together to ensure the best care for these patients,” Betstadt added in a society news release. For the study, researchers surveyed 107 women ages 18 to 49 who were taking anti-seizure medications about their reproductive plans. Six said they were pregnant or planning to become pregnant, and another 69 said they were using some sort of birth control that could interfere with their anti-seizure meds, researchers said. The survey quizzed women on their knowledge regarding birth control and anti-seizure meds, and found that: “Survey participants may not have known that their answers were wrong and so did not feel they needed more information,” Betstadt noted. Only about a third of the women were receiving medical care that aligned with their reproductive plans, researchers found. Anti-seizure medications that increase the risk of birth defects include valproic acid , topiramate , carbamazepine , phenobarbital and phenytoin. Further, anti-seizure drugs that can make hormonal contraceptives like pills, patches and rings less effective include carbamazepine, phenytoin , phenobarbital, and higher doses of topiramate and oxcarbazepine . Despite that, no anti-seizure drug is as dangerous for an expecting mother or her fetus as uncontrolled seizures , the researchers noted. Women who want to become pregnant should talk with their doctor about drugs that are less risky but still can control their seizures, researchers said. “Neurology and reproductive health care providers should collaborate to provide the safest and most effective care for their patients of reproductive age who are taking anti-seizure medications,” Betstadt said. “This collaboration can help patients navigate their reproductive choices while minimizing drug-drug interactions that may reduce the effectiveness of seizure medications and/or birth control methods,” Betstadt added. Findings presented at medical meetings should be considered preliminary until they’re published in a peer-reviewed journal. Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

26 Nov 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Down's Syndrome Market to Exhibit Growth at a CAGR of 3.81% by 2034 | DelveInsight

According to DelveInsight's analysis, the market for Down syndrome is anticipated to increase during the forecast period (2024–2034), owing to the launch of emerging therapies such as AEF0217, ACI-24.060, LEUCETTINIB-21, BUNTANETAP, and others and healthcare spending globally. LAS VEGAS, Nov. 26, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- DelveInsight's Down's Syndrome Market Insights report includes a comprehensive understanding of current treatment practices, Down's syndrome emerging drugs, market share of individual therapies, and current and forecasted market size from 2020 to 2034, segmented into 7MM [the United States, the EU4 (Germany, France, Italy, and Spain) and the United Kingdom, and Japan]. Key Takeaways from the Down's Syndrome Market Report According to DelveInsight's analysis, the market size for Down's syndrome was found to be USD 241 million in the US in 2023. In 2023, the United States accounted for nearly 220K prevalent cases of Down's syndrome. The types of Down's syndrome include Trisomy 21, Robertsonian translocation, and Mosaicism. In 2023, among all types, Trisomy 21 accounted for the highest number of prevalent cases in the 7MM. Leading Down's syndrome companies such as AELIS FARMA, AC IMMUNE, PERHA PHARMACEUTICALS, ANNOVIS BIO, APHIOS THERAPEUTICS, and others are developing novel Down's syndrome drugs that can be available in the Down's syndrome market in the coming years. The promising Down's syndrome therapies in the pipeline include AEF0217, ACI-24.060, LEUCETTINIB-21, BUNTANETAP, APH-1104, and others. Discover which therapies are expected to grab the major Down's syndrome market share @ Down's Syndrome Market Report Down's Syndrome Overview Down's syndrome, also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 21. This chromosomal anomaly disrupts normal development, resulting in a range of physical and cognitive differences. The condition is primarily caused by random genetic mutations during the formation of reproductive cells or early embryonic development, though advanced maternal age increases the likelihood of having a child with Down's syndrome. People with Down's syndrome typically exhibit distinct facial features, such as a flattened face, almond-shaped eyes that slant upward, and a small nose. Other common symptoms include developmental delays, intellectual disabilities, and a variety of health issues like heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems, and a higher susceptibility to infections. Despite these challenges, many individuals with Down's syndrome lead fulfilling lives with appropriate support. Diagnosis of Down's syndrome can occur prenatally through screening and diagnostic tests, such as blood tests and ultrasounds in the first and second trimesters, or through more definitive tests like chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and amniocentesis. Postnatal diagnosis is typically confirmed by a physical examination and a karyotype analysis to identify the extra chromosome. Early diagnosis and intervention can help address developmental needs and improve the quality of life for individuals with Down's syndrome. Down's Syndrome Epidemiology Segmentation The Down's syndrome epidemiology section provides insights into the historical and current Down's syndrome patient pool and forecasted trends for the 7MM. It helps recognize the causes of current and forecasted patient trends by exploring numerous studies and views of key opinion leaders. The Down's syndrome market report proffers epidemiological analysis for the study period 2020–2034 in the 7MM segmented into: Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Down's Syndrome Gender-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Down's Syndrome Type-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Down's Syndrome Age-specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Down's Syndrome Diagnosed Cases of Down's Syndrome by Clinical Manifestations Down's Syndrome Treatment Market There is no single treatment for Down's syndrome; instead, care plans are customized to address each person's unique physical and intellectual needs, emphasizing their strengths and accommodating their limitations. For some individuals, immediate surgery may be needed after birth to correct heart defects or long-term dietary modifications may be required for digestive concerns. Common interventions include assistive devices such as hearing aids, mobility aids, and adaptive technology to support learning and daily tasks. People with Down's syndrome often face an earlier and more pronounced cognitive decline than the general population. Treatments for Down syndrome-associated dementia (DSAD) may include medications like rivastigmine, galantamine, memantine, and donepezil, which inhibit acetylcholine breakdown, providing notable benefits. Seizure management for those with Down syndrome may involve anticonvulsants like carbamazepine and phenytoin, although these can exacerbate other Down syndrome-related issues. Respiratory problems are also common due to immune deficiencies and respiratory tract abnormalities, often requiring antibiotics or inhaled bronchodilators for effective management. Along with pharmacological treatments, non-pharmacological therapies such as physical, speech, occupational, and behavioral therapies play a vital role in the early development of children with Down syndrome, promoting independence and productivity. Physical therapy aims to improve motor skills, build muscle strength, and enhance posture and balance, laying the groundwork for key abilities. Speech-language therapy focuses on boosting communication skills and addressing physical challenges like low muscle tone to avoid long-term complications. Occupational therapy adapts daily tasks to suit the individual's abilities, teaching crucial skills such as eating, dressing, writing, and using a computer. Emotional and behavioral therapies tackle challenges like frustration from communication barriers, compulsive behaviors, and ADHD by identifying triggers and creating strategies to foster positive behaviors and reduce undesirable ones. To know more about Down's syndrome treatment guidelines, visit @ Down's Syndrome Management Down's Syndrome Pipeline Therapies and Key Companies AEF0217: AELIS FARMA ACI-24.060: AC IMMUNE LEUCETTINIB-21: PERHA PHARMACEUTICALS BUNTANETAP: ANNOVIS BIO APH-1104: APHIOS THERAPEUTICS Discover more about Down's syndrome drugs in development @ Down's Syndrome Clinical Trials Down's Syndrome Market Dynamics The Down's syndrome market dynamics are expected to change in the coming years. The prevalence of Down syndrome has increased with the rise in lifespan over the past three decades. This, along with the combination of several neurological features in Down syndrome patients—such as language impairment, cognition, learning, and memory—has sparked intense neurodevelopmental research. Studies in this area hold promise for improving clinical care and quality of life for individuals with Down syndrome and their families, as well as for assessing ways to enhance communication between parents and children. A thorough understanding of the factors affecting pharmacotherapy in Down syndrome could significantly contribute to better clinical outcomes for these individuals. Furthermore, potential therapies are being investigated for the treatment of Down's syndrome, and it is safe to predict that the treatment space will significantly impact the Down's syndrome market during the forecast period. Moreover, the anticipated introduction of emerging therapies with improved efficacy and a further improvement in the diagnosis rate are expected to drive the growth of the Down's syndrome market in the 7MM. However, several factors may impede the growth of the Down's syndrome market. Down syndrome presents unique challenges in clinical treatment, as there is currently no medical cure or approved products available in the market, complicating the treatment process. This complexity is compounded by the lack of appropriate, validated scales to measure progress or side effects in participants with learning disabilities, making it difficult to gauge treatment impact effectively. Furthermore, recruiting participants and their families is challenging, adding to the difficulties in conducting research. Down syndrome is also associated with numerous health problems and high healthcare costs, and individuals may require more intensive monitoring for adverse effects, adherence, and treatment efficacy when managing medications. Conducting clinical studies on the efficacy of psychotropic medications in individuals with Down syndrome is particularly challenging due to the unique language and communication characteristics of this population. Moreover, Down's syndrome treatment poses a significant economic burden and disrupts patients' overall well-being and QOL. Furthermore, Down's syndrome market growth may be offset by failures and discontinuation of emerging therapies, unaffordable pricing, market access and reimbursement issues, and a shortage of healthcare specialists. In addition, the undiagnosed, unreported cases and the unawareness about the disease may also impact Down's syndrome market growth. Scope of the Down's Syndrome Market Report Therapeutic Assessment: Down's Syndrome current marketed and emerging therapies Down's Syndrome Market Dynamics: Key Market Forecast Assumptions of Emerging Down's Syndrome Drugs and Market Outlook Competitive Intelligence Analysis: SWOT analysis and Market entry strategies Unmet Needs, KOL's views, Analyst's views, Down's Syndrome Market Access and Reimbursement Download the report to understand which factors are driving Down's syndrome market trends @ Down's Syndrome Market Trends Table of Contents Related Reports Down's Syndrome Epidemiology Forecast Down's Syndrome Epidemiology Forecast – 2032 report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology as well as the Down's syndrome epidemiology trends. Down's Syndrome Pipeline Down's Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Down's syndrome companies, including Alzheon, Inc, Connecta Therapeutics, among others. Alport Syndrome Market Alport Syndrome Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast – 2034 report deliver an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the market trends, market drivers, market barriers, and key Alport syndrome companies, including Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Chinook Therapeutics (A Novartis company), Bayer, Calliditas Therapeutics, Evotec , among others. Alport Syndrome Pipeline Alport Syndrome Pipeline Insight – 2024 report provides comprehensive insights about the pipeline landscape, pipeline drug profiles, including clinical and non-clinical stage products, and the key Alport syndrome companies, including Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Chinook Therapeutic/Novartis, River 3 Renal Corp., Travere Therapeutics, Inc., Reata Pharmaceuticals, Inc., among others. About DelveInsight DelveInsight is a leading Business Consultant and Market Research firm focused exclusively on life sciences. It supports pharma companies by providing comprehensive end-to-end solutions to improve their performance. Get hassle-free access to all the healthcare and pharma market research reports through our subscription-based platform PharmDelve . Contact Us Shruti Thakur [email protected] +14699457679 Logo: SOURCE DelveInsight Business Research, LLP WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

100 Deals associated with Phenytoin

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00512	Phenytoin	N03AB02	DB00252

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Epilepsy	JP	Fujinaga Pharm Co. Ltd.	05 Dec 1996
Seizures	JP	Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd.	18 May 1978
Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe	US	Viatris Specialty LLC	06 Jan 1953
Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic	US	Viatris Specialty LLC	06 Jan 1953

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


phenytoin trial (ECTRIMS2023)	Phase 2	GCIPL thickness	-	Phenytoin	jvdagaxbhl(aetmvfvnzt) = zzzztfyija doaazndelc (honmjevwto )	Positive	30 Sep 2023
				Placebo	jvdagaxbhl(aetmvfvnzt) = ewcvdceacv doaazndelc (honmjevwto )
EURAP registry (IEC2023)	Not Applicable	Congenital Abnormalities	9,840	Valproate	jlybohvjlo(fksulysqud) = jhmhaywfmi emeqeczybt (lojrfewxxn )	Positive	04 Sep 2023
				Phenytoin	jlybohvjlo(fksulysqud) = vjkgqmdxjm emeqeczybt (lojrfewxxn )
WCD2023	Not Applicable	Leprosy	30	Topical Phenytoin	aarzvtlvrr(ncunptvlno) = eplkfjzsgy rtqkuccjic (ypgunwgkqe )	-	03 Jul 2023
ASN2022	Not Applicable	Diabetes Insipidus, Neurogenic	-	Phenytoin	kyjuiyqems(mbwqbuyxkj) = The patient had a new-onset DI after therapeutically dosing phenytoin sculfyyqwo (mqanvavemz )	Positive	05 Nov 2022
				Levetiracetam
NCT00581893 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Cognition	20	Phenytoin (Phenytoin)	ttcvtfhzwy(pvipwsfxbe) = jbwsehqgew eocmyfjtym (mgqkfwhxsn, kiwwdqbmsp - rxnyxazogf) View more	-	01 Jul 2021
				Placebo (Placebo)	ttcvtfhzwy(pvipwsfxbe) = qumyjcfbwu eocmyfjtym (mgqkfwhxsn, aldbhomqgq - vkcdgmysty) View more
1874 (AAN2020)	Not Applicable	Maintenance CYP2C9 mutation	-	Phenytoin	pzgnibklqx(ajjtcqwdwl) = symptoms of PHT toxicity, including nausea, vomiting, unsteady gait, blurry vision, diplopia, vertigo, and nystagmus pqqwxlfxxb (umgbhvrebe )	Negative	14 Apr 2020
NCT02595723 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Cognitive Dysfunction \| Amnesia, Anterograde	21	Megestrol 800 mg liquid+Phenytoin 200 mg capsule (Phenytoin, Then Megestrol)	phzdwiitjv(nkrfpznkrc) = divkrobhfl zwkxzvvenj (dbwkyhnqjj, mplfpeplbj - ahqttdzwrc) View more	-	09 Sep 2019
				Phenytoin-matched Placebo capsule+Megestrol 800 mg liquid (Placebo, Then Megestrol)	phzdwiitjv(nkrfpznkrc) = xnfxklpogz zwkxzvvenj (dbwkyhnqjj, bxwcrxtebt - zgwquzssps) View more
NCT02939937 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Optic Neuritis	71	Phenytoin (Phenytoin)	puzyjbwglh(dygphgcyhp) = ervmviovle gayozshwvh (uexbsbjrxz, uelzrvdrck - hyjmvvleji) View more	-	12 Aug 2019
				placebo (Placebo)	puzyjbwglh(dygphgcyhp) = jlpcxfbjiv gayozshwvh (uexbsbjrxz, ssovrorgdr - lsixjsjllj) View more
ANA2018	Not Applicable	KCNT1 gene mutation	1	Phenytoin	tawvvzlvlh(shrylcaoxl) = qvfkklrhuq qmzlhbflwl (oocnyhztfx )	Positive	05 Oct 2018
IEC2017	Not Applicable	Visible Lesion	107	Levetiracetam	qqgfzzbcpf(nodzqpzran) = jtjpxwgydh vtqyfrnlyn (jackwjwxko )	Positive	05 Sep 2017
				Phenytoin	qqgfzzbcpf(nodzqpzran) = lorrhwattu vtqyfrnlyn (jackwjwxko )

Translational Medicine

Boost your research with our translational medicine data.

view full example data

Deal

Boost your decision using our deal data.

view full example data

Core Patent

Boost your research with our Core Patent data.

view full example data

Clinical Trial

Identify the latest clinical trials across global registries.

view full example data

Approval

Accelerate your research with the latest regulatory approval information.

view full example data

Regulation

Understand key drug designations in just a few clicks with Synapse.

view full example data

Chat with Hiro

Get started for free today!

Accelerate Strategic R&D decision making with Synapse, PatSnap’s AI-powered Connected Innovation Intelligence Platform Built for Life Sciences Professionals.

Start your data trial now!

Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis