Docosahexaenoic acid

A genetic propensity to higher circulating levels of lipids containing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in eggs, poultry, and seafood, has been found to be linked with a lower risk for bipolar disorder. This new evidence paves the way for potential lifestyle or dietary interventions. A genetic propensity to higher circulating levels of lipids containing arachidonic acid, an omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid found in eggs, poultry, and seafood, has been found to be linked with a lower risk for bipolar disorder, according to a new study in Biological Psychiatry, published by Elsevier. This new evidence paves the way for potential lifestyle or dietary interventions. Bipolar disorder is a debilitating mood disorder characterized by recurring episodes of mania and depression. Although its etiology is still unclear, previous studies have shown that bipolar disease is highly heritable. The findings of this study indicate a link between bipolar disorder and altered metabolite levels, supporting the notion that circulating metabolites play an important etiological role in bipolar disease and other psychiatric disorders. Lead investigator David Stacey, PhD, Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia; UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences; and South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, Australia, explains, "Accumulating evidence indicates a role for metabolites in bipolar disorder and other psychiatric disorders. By identifying metabolites that play causal roles in bipolar disorder, we hoped to be able to highlight potential lifestyle or dietary interventions." By applying Mendelian randomization, a powerful causal inference method, the researchers identified 33 out of 913 metabolites studied present in the blood that were associated with bipolar disorder, most of them lipids. Researchers also found that a bipolar disorder risk gene cluster (FADS1/2/3), which encodes enzymes associated with lipid metabolism, mediated the association between bipolar disorder and the levels of arachidonic acid and other metabolites. Commenting on the findings, John Krystal, MD, Editor of Biological Psychiatry, says, "Arachidonic acid is typically a widely present omega-6 fatty acid in the body and brain that contributes to the health of cell membranes. This study provides a fascinating step forward in the effort to develop blood biomarkers of bipolar disorder risk, particularly in those patients with bipolar disorder and risk gene variations in the FADS1/2/3 gene cluster." Dr. Stacey notes, "Intriguingly, we observed a pattern whereby a genetic propensity to higher levels of lipids containing an arachidonic acid fatty acid side chain was associated with a lower risk of bipolar disorder, while the inverse was true of lipids containing a linoleic acid side chain. Since arachidonic acid is synthesized from linoleic acid in the liver, this suggests arachidonic acid synthesizing pathways are important for bipolar disorder." Given its presence in human milk, arachidonic acid is considered essential for infant brain development and is added to infant formula in many countries. Therefore, it may exert an effect on bipolar disorder risk by affecting neurodevelopmental pathways, which would be consistent with contemporary views of bipolar disorder as a neurodevelopmental disorder. Arachidonic acid can be sourced directly from meat and seafood products or synthesized from dietary linoleic acid (e.g., nuts, seeds, and oils). Dr. Stacey concludes, "To our knowledge, ours is the first study to highlight a potential causal role between arachidonic acid and bipolar disorder. Preclinical studies and randomized controlled trials will be necessary to determine the preventive or therapeutic value of arachidonic acid supplements, perhaps with a particular focus on people with a compromised arachidonic acid synthesizing pathway or with poor natural dietary sources. Our findings also support potential avenues for precision health interventions focused on early life nutrition to ensure that infants and children are receiving enough arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids to support optimal brain development, which may also reduce the risk of bipolar disorder."

-Granted global commercial license to Vision Bioenergy for Camelina addressing the biofuel market -Advanced regulatory and seed scale-up program for omega-3 Camelina -E3902 oil trait in Camelina cleared by regulatory authority for planting in Canada -Management will host a conference call today at 4:30 p.m. (ET) to review financial results and provide a corporate update WOBURN, Mass., April 01, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. (Nasdaq:YTEN) ("Yield10" or the "Company"), an agricultural bioscience company, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year ended December 31, 2023. "In 2023 we successfully executed our plan and achieved several key milestones that position Yield10 to build a sustainable products business based on engineered Camelina," said Oliver Peoples, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of Yield10. "Our crop innovations are intended to support grower adoption of the crop and enable commercial-scale planting to produce Camelina oil and meal products targeting significant market opportunities. "We believe Camelina represents a game changer for producing omega-3 oil and meal products. In early 2024, we made the strategic decision to focus our resources on the commercialization of Camelina products targeting the aquafeed and nutritional markets for omega-3 fatty acids. In the year ahead, we plan to focus on executing our development program for omega-3 Camelina, building seed inventory in anticipation of commercial scale planting, obtaining regulatory approval to sell omega-3 oil for aquafeed in Chile, and engaging with potential commercial partners to enable future commercial sale of omega-3 oil and meal in target markets. If all goes according to plan, we estimate that our omega-3 products could begin producing revenue as early as 2025. “We also recently achieved significant regulatory milestones supporting our commercial plans. USDA-APHIS completed review of our herbicide tolerance (“HT”) and omega-3 traits enabling us to plan for the commercial ramp-up of engineered Camelina varieties containing these traits in the U.S. We believe herbicide tolerance will be a significant factor in driving the adoption of Camelina. Our team is creating a portfolio of Camelina varieties incorporating these traits and others to improve the performance and value of the crop. "In early 2024, Yield10 granted to Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds (“VISION”) a global license to certain proprietary varieties of Camelina for the production of feedstock oil for biofuels. This agreement is intended to empower farmers to capitalize on the growing biofuel market while advancing the decarbonization goals of aviation, maritime, and heavy-duty transport industries. Yield10 plans to work with biofuel players to support the production of Camelina feedstock oil. “In 2023 we demonstrated closed-loop production of Camelina as we supplied our seed to growers under contract and arranged the offtake and sale of the grain to a biofuel refiner. We intend to continue to build relationships across the value chain to support increasing scale of Camelina production and sale of oil and meal into target markets. "In the coming months, we expect to execute on our commercial and regulatory plan to produce omega-3 oil and meal products in Camelina, to combine our HT and omega-3 traits to produce new Camelina varieties, and to continue to support grower adoption of Camelina," said Dr. Peoples. Recent Accomplishments Recent progress by Yield10 is underscored by the key milestones achieved during 2023 and is setting the direction for the Company’s business strategy in 2024, including: Yield10 planted omega-3 (EPA) Camelina at the 50 acre-scale in Chile to produce oil for use in business development activities. The crop was harvested in early 2024. In March of 2024, USDA-APHIS provided a positive response to the Company's announced filings for two requests for a Regulatory Status Review (RSR) with USDA-APHIS's Biotechnology Regulatory Services (BRS) under the SECURE Rule for proprietary elite Camelina varieties containing genes enabling the plant to produce the EPA and EPA+DHA components of omega-3 oil. Yield10 plans to conduct seed scale-up activities with omega-3 Camelina in 2024. Omega-3 fatty acids are used in aquafeed as well as for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. In November of 2023, USDA-APHIS determined that Yield10’s glufosinate tolerant Camelina as well as its stacked herbicide tolerant Camelina may be planted and bred in the United States in response to two Requests for Regulatory Status Review (“RSRs”) packages submitted by Yield10. An application to add Camelina to a glufosinate label is pending with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In early 2024, Yield10 granted to Vision Bioenergy Oilseeds a global license to certain proprietary varieties of Camelina for the production of feedstock oil for biofuels. Commercial production of Camelina is currently ramping up in North America as a source of ultra-low carbon feedstock oil for the biofuel industry. In consideration for the license and completion of certain deliverables, Vision will make cash payments to Yield10 totaling $3 million. We recently reported encouraging results from the first field testing of our winter HT and Stacked HT Camelina varieties. We expect to harvest the winter field test plantings later this year and conduct an evaluation of seed yield, oil content, herbicide tolerance and overall agronomy. In early 2024, the Plant Biosafety Office (“PBO”) of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (“CFIA”) reviewed information on the Company’s E3902 Camelina sativa (“Camelina”) and determined that E3902 is not a Plant with Novel Trait (PNT) and is not subject to a pre-market notification under Part V of the Seeds Regulations. Yield10’s E3902 Camelina combines genome edits in three proprietary genetic traits, C3008a, C3008b and C3009, that result in an increase in oil production by five percent. In 2023, Yield10 successfully demonstrated the supply chain from seed to growers contracts to oil and meal offtake to customers. In the fall of 2023, Yield10 signed growers contracts representing approximately 1,200 acres of winter Camelina production which is expected to be harvested in the third quarter of 2024. FULL YEAR AND FOURTH QUARTER 2023 FINANCIAL OVERVIEW Cash Position Yield10 is managed with an emphasis on cash flow and deploys its financial resources in a disciplined manner to achieve its key strategic objectives. Yield10 used $10.1 million in cash for its operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023 in comparison to $11.4 million used for operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2022. The Company ended 2023 with $1.1 million in unrestricted cash and investments in comparison to a balance of $4.3 in unrestricted cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments as of December 31, 2022. The decrease in cash usage for operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2023, in comparison to the previous year, was the result of our decision to delay payments to vendors and conserve cash as we continued our Camelina biofuels and omega-3 business development activities. In February of 2024, we granted a commercial license to VISION Bioenergy Oilseeds, LLC, for certain proprietary varieties of Camelina for the production of feedstock oil for biofuels. Cash proceeds from the arrangement total $3.0 million. In March of 2024, we raised $1.2 million, net in a warrant inducement transaction. Operating Results Research grant revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 was $0.1 million in comparison to grant revenue of $0.5 million recorded in the previous year. Early in 2023, our work in support of a five-year DOE sub-award through Michigan State University was completed with no further grant revenue to be recognized. Research and development expense was $8.3 million during the year ended December 31, 2023, an increase of $0.5 million, in comparison to $7.8 million recorded during the year ended December 31, 2022. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to the increased cost of crop trials and commercial seed production, partially offset by lower employee compensation and benefits expenses as we implemented cost cutting measures during the year. General and administrative expenses were consistent at $6.2 million during the years ended December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. Yield10 reported a net loss of $14.5 million, or $1.82 per share for the full year 2023, as compared to a net loss of $13.6 million, or $2.76 per share in 2022. During the fourth quarter of 2023, research and development expense increased by $0.1 million from $1.9 million in the fourth quarter of 2022 to $2.0 million. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.1 million to $1.3 million during the fourth quarter of 2023, from $1.4 million during the fourth quarter of 2022. Yield10 reported a loss after taxes of $3.3 million for the fourth quarter of 2023, or $0.27 per share, compared to a similar loss after taxes of $3.3 million, or $0.67 per share, in the fourth quarter of 2022. Conference Call Information Yield10 Bioscience management will host a conference call today at 4:30 p.m. (ET) to discuss the fourth quarter and full year 2023 results. The Company also will provide a corporate update and answer questions from the investor community. A live webcast of the call with slides can be accessed through the Company's website at in the investor relations events section. To participate in the call, dial toll-free 877-709-8150 or 201-689-8354 (international). Reference Event ID:13745439. The webcast will be archived on the Company's website in the investor relations events section. About Yield10 Bioscience Yield10 Bioscience, Inc. ("Yield10" or the "Company") is an agricultural bioscience company that is leveraging advanced genetics to develop the oilseed Camelina sativa ("Camelina") as a platform crop for large-scale production of sustainable seed products. These seed products include feedstock oils for renewable diesel and sustainable aviation biofuels; omega-3 (EPA and DHA+EPA) oils for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and aquafeed applications; and, in the future, PHA bioplastics for use as biodegradable bioplastics. Subject to the availability of sufficient financial resources to continue operations, our commercial plan is based on establishing a grain contracting business leveraging our proprietary elite Camelina seed varieties, focusing on the growing demand for low-carbon intensity feedstock oil for biofuels and omega-3 oils for nutritional applications. Yield10 is headquartered in Woburn, MA and has a Canadian subsidiary, Yield10 Oilseeds Inc., located in Saskatoon, Canada. For more information about the Company, please visit or follow the Company on X (formerly Twitter), Facebook and LinkedIn. (YTEN-E) Safe Harbor for Forward-Looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements which are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. The forward-looking statements in this release do not constitute guarantees of future performance. Investors are cautioned that statements in this press release which are not strictly historical statements, including, without limitation, expectations regarding Yield10’s cash position, cash forecasts and runway, expectations related to research and development and commercialization activities, intellectual property, the expected regulatory path for traits, reproducibility of data from field tests, the timing of completion of additional greenhouse and field test studies, the outcomes of its 2024 seed production activities, 2024 spring field tests, 2023-2024 winter field tests, Camelina planting under growers contracts and seed scale-up activities, the signing of research licenses and collaborations, including whether the objectives of those collaborations will be met, whether the Company will be able to generate proof points for traits in development and advance business discussions around its Camelina business plan, the geopolitical uncertainty caused by the conflict between Ukraine and Russia, and value creation as well as the overall progress of Yield10, constitute forward-looking statements. Such forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, including, but not limited to, the Company’s ability to secure adequate funding in the near term to continue operations and to remain listed on the Nasdaq Stock Market, as to which no assurance can be given, as well as the risks and uncertainties detailed in Yield10 Bioscience's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Yield10 assumes no obligation to update any forward-looking information contained in this press release or with respect to the matters described herein. Contacts: Yield10 Bioscience: Lynne H. Brum, (617) 682-4693, LBrum@yield10bio.com (FINANCIAL TABLES FOLLOW) YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS UNAUDITED (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) Three Months Ended December 31, Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 2022 2023 2022 Revenue: Grant revenue $ — $ 87 $ 60 $ 450 Total revenue — 87 60 450 Expenses: Research and development 1,960 1,888 8,323 7,750 General and administrative 1,287 1,403 6,154 6,151 Total expenses 3,247 3,291 14,477 13,901 Loss from operations (3,247 ) (3,204 ) (14,417 ) (13,451 ) Other income (expense): Other income (expense), net (19 ) 30 (38 ) 41 Total other income (expense) (19 ) 30 (38 ) 41 Loss from operations before income taxes (3,266 ) (3,174 ) (14,455 ) (13,410 ) Income tax provision — (129 ) — (156 ) Net loss $ (3,266 ) $ (3,303 ) $ (14,455 ) $ (13,566 ) Basic and diluted net loss per share $ (0.27 ) $ (0.67 ) $ (1.82 ) $ (2.76 ) Number of shares used in per share calculations: Basic and diluted 11,980,392 4,943,727 7,946,281 4,914,565 YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS UNAUDITED (In thousands, except share and per share amounts) December 31, 2023 December 31, 2022 Assets Current Assets: Cash and cash equivalents $ 1,068 $ 2,356 Short-term investments — 1,991 Unbilled receivables — 30 Prepaid expenses and other current assets 332 641 Total current assets 1,400 5,018 Restricted cash 264 264 Property and equipment, net 548 775 Right-of-use assets, net 1,653 1,961 Other assets 42 67 Total assets 3,907 $ 8,085 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit) Current Liabilities: Accounts payable 1,202 $ 109 Accrued expenses 2,010 926 Current portion of lease liabilities 669 575 Convertible note payable, net of issuance costs 984 — Total current liabilities 4,865 1,610 Lease liabilities, net of current portion 1,525 2,075 Total liabilities 6,390 3,685 Commitments and contingencies Stockholders’ Equity (Deficit): Preferred stock ($0.01 par value per share); 5,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding — — Common stock ($0.01 par value per share); 60,000,000 shares authorized at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022;12,032,425 and 4,944,202 shares issued and outstanding at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively 120 49 Additional paid-in capital 411,814 404,277 Accumulated other comprehensive loss (265 ) (229 ) Accumulated deficit (414,152 ) (399,697 ) Total stockholders’ equity (deficit) (2,483 ) 4,400 Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity (deficit) 3,907 $ 8,085 YIELD10 BIOSCIENCE, INC. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS UNAUDITED (In thousands) Twelve Months Ended December 31, 2023 2022 Cash flows from operating activities Net loss $ (14,455 ) $ (13,566 ) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization 290 263 Charge for 401(k) company common stock match 108 133 Stock-based compensation 1,592 1,903 Non-cash lease expense 308 393 Deferred income tax provision — 165 Changes in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable — 164 Unbilled receivables 30 4 Prepaid expenses and other assets 345 (160 ) Accounts payable 1,093 26 Accrued expenses 1,077 (209 ) Lease liabilities (456 ) (520 ) Net cash used in operating activities (10,068 ) (11,404 ) Cash flows from investing activities Purchase of property and equipment (46 ) (154 ) Purchase of investments — (2,445 ) Proceeds from the maturity of short-term investments 1,991 11,121 Net cash provided by investing activities 1,945 8,522 Cash flows from financing activities Proceeds from issuance of common stock and warrants in equity offerings, net of issuance costs 5,842 — Proceeds from At-the-Market offering, net of issuance costs 103 — Proceeds for convertible debt note 967 — Taxes paid on employees' behalf related to vesting of stock awards — (37 ) Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 6,912 (37 ) Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (36 ) (54 ) Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash (1,288 ) (2,973 ) Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period 2,620 5,593 Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period $ 1,332 $ 2,620 Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosure: Interest paid $ 68 $ 10 Right-of-use assets acquired in exchange for lease liabilities $ 138 $ —