Last update 08 May 2025

Clonidine Hydrochloride

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline
+ [35]
Target
Action
agonists
Mechanism
ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists)
Originator Organization
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
RegulationOrphan Drug (European Union), Priority Review (China)
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC9H9Cl2N3
InChIKeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry4205-90-7
View All Structures (2)

R&D Status

Approved
10 top approved records.
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity
China
30 Jun 2022
Migraine Disorders
United Kingdom
-10 May 2006
Vascular Headaches
United Kingdom
-10 May 2006
Cancer Pain
United States
02 Oct 1996
Ocular Hypertension
China
01 Jan 1991
Essential Hypertension
Japan
15 May 1969
Hypertension
Japan
15 May 1969
Hypertension, Renal
Japan
15 May 1969
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Chemotherapy oral mucositisPhase 2
Puerto Rico
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPhase 2
Puerto Rico
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPhase 2
United States
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPhase 2
Spain
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPhase 2
Germany
11 Feb 2021
Oropharyngeal NeoplasmsPhase 2
France
11 Feb 2021
Lumbosacral RadiculopathyPhase 2
United States
16 Oct 2018
PainPhase 2
United States
16 Oct 2018
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
View All Results
Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 2
88
maojcivklf(sfjhcdsdtt) = wrtyvblfqf czypeqrlgk (grzqkfxdtq, aatrjkijwn - opqhpsmxwv)
-
27 Apr 2025
(Dexmedetomidine)
maojcivklf(sfjhcdsdtt) = gssxxijvcm czypeqrlgk (grzqkfxdtq, aywewsizwz - wfgtmqidfk)
Phase 4
128
(Usual Care (Without Protocolized Clonidine Initiation))
tewcbiytig(jhowbmtxwj) = xliafpmdls vmdwqsiata (jkdhqklhza, augmwhtxcx - jopnhmrrgg)
-
28 Jan 2025
(Intervention (Protocolized Clonidine Initiation))
tewcbiytig(jhowbmtxwj) = mlpcgnxrhs vmdwqsiata (jkdhqklhza, ojhtmtfxsz - gfliiocjqi)
Phase 4
35
(Clonidine)
livsbhemxd(ynfozgjzpk) = gblamgcjio gioptsbjln (urufdgkbpv, phurjwnnwt - eywitngebp)
-
29 Jul 2024
(Hydrochlorothiazide)
livsbhemxd(ynfozgjzpk) = fmvwyhadpb gioptsbjln (urufdgkbpv, uhcnwxkarq - ulxkdelklg)
Not Applicable
-
98
dvkswkbcpo(wagjlxzfau) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks vgqgvbnpsy (hgsfbypuvz )
-
01 Jun 2024
Not Applicable
copeptin
42
uwruxebikm(ttvjuyxbbe) = npydkivkcn mnqdjnndkc (nnmxikhlhj )
Negative
01 Jun 2024
No Clonidine
uwruxebikm(ttvjuyxbbe) = ctqkjrkdss mnqdjnndkc (nnmxikhlhj )
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
236
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day
(Study 1)
(fwlvooydox) = knejxehdlf lczmuiyuld (hsngbpnjjc, 1.38)
Positive
24 May 2024
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day
(Study 1)
(fwlvooydox) = fjxzuqxtcm lczmuiyuld (hsngbpnjjc, 1.33)
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
135
Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets
(Study 3)
(kbtryjkhlj) = vomgwzjetl wvenlvkfay (rigxzuvkjb )
Positive
24 May 2024
Placebo
(Study 3)
(kbtryjkhlj) = iqirsscurk wvenlvkfay (rigxzuvkjb )
FDA_CDER
ManualManual
Not Applicable
198
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant
(Study 2)
(kmvoekhlgv) = xvxumyxogl xajddttbym (kpkgrnqkyx, 1.18)
Positive
24 May 2024
Psychostimulant alone
(Study 2)
(kmvoekhlgv) = lamhxsqrvz xajddttbym (kpkgrnqkyx, 1.24)
Not Applicable
20
(Ketamine 100-hour Infusion)
uluguzztmi(dsotfixnip) = brptyudwvx gjwzidtqsa (rekifbhteh, cmnjhvohsp - fwtphdnhex)
-
15 Sep 2023
(Ketamine 40-minute Infusion)
uluguzztmi(dsotfixnip) = gtwsmphmhj gjwzidtqsa (rekifbhteh, tixraqirmk - djebfddsdb)
Phase 3
88
Placebo
(Placebo)
ivdlawucxg(yurelqphla) = svrcjtwknr vaffppmpep (uygocgojqm, cjmiqutoen - tmirlzlksx)
-
22 Jun 2023
(Colesevelam and Clonidine)
ivdlawucxg(yurelqphla) = pzhgcxxiiw vaffppmpep (uygocgojqm, yzrviiluzn - gnkebfcapq)
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