SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline + [35] |
Target |
Action agonists |
Mechanism ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date Japan (15 May 1969), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (European Union), Priority Review (China) |
Molecular FormulaC9H9Cl2N3 |
InChIKeyGJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry4205-90-7 |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity | China | 30 Jun 2022 | |
Migraine Disorders | United Kingdom | - | 10 May 2006 |
Vascular Headaches | United Kingdom | - | 10 May 2006 |
Cancer Pain | United States | 02 Oct 1996 | |
Ocular Hypertension | China | 01 Jan 1991 | |
Essential Hypertension | Japan | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension | Japan | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension, Renal | Japan | 15 May 1969 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 2 | Puerto Rico | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 2 | Puerto Rico | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 2 | United States | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 2 | Spain | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 2 | Germany | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 2 | France | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Lumbosacral Radiculopathy | Phase 2 | United States | 16 Oct 2018 | |
Pain | Phase 2 | United States | 16 Oct 2018 |
Phase 2 | 88 | (Clonidine) | maojcivklf(sfjhcdsdtt) = wrtyvblfqf czypeqrlgk (grzqkfxdtq, aatrjkijwn - opqhpsmxwv) View more | - | 27 Apr 2025 | ||
(Dexmedetomidine) | maojcivklf(sfjhcdsdtt) = gssxxijvcm czypeqrlgk (grzqkfxdtq, aywewsizwz - wfgtmqidfk) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 128 | (Usual Care (Without Protocolized Clonidine Initiation)) | tewcbiytig(jhowbmtxwj) = xliafpmdls vmdwqsiata (jkdhqklhza, augmwhtxcx - jopnhmrrgg) View more | - | 28 Jan 2025 | ||
(Intervention (Protocolized Clonidine Initiation)) | tewcbiytig(jhowbmtxwj) = mlpcgnxrhs vmdwqsiata (jkdhqklhza, ojhtmtfxsz - gfliiocjqi) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 35 | (Clonidine) | livsbhemxd(ynfozgjzpk) = gblamgcjio gioptsbjln (urufdgkbpv, phurjwnnwt - eywitngebp) View more | - | 29 Jul 2024 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | livsbhemxd(ynfozgjzpk) = fmvwyhadpb gioptsbjln (urufdgkbpv, uhcnwxkarq - ulxkdelklg) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | - | 98 | dvkswkbcpo(wagjlxzfau) = 38.8% experienced hypotension, with an association found between hypotension and higher GH peaks vgqgvbnpsy (hgsfbypuvz ) View more | - | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
Not Applicable | copeptin | 42 | uwruxebikm(ttvjuyxbbe) = npydkivkcn mnqdjnndkc (nnmxikhlhj ) View more | Negative | 01 Jun 2024 | ||
No Clonidine | uwruxebikm(ttvjuyxbbe) = ctqkjrkdss mnqdjnndkc (nnmxikhlhj ) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 236 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day (Study 1) | (fwlvooydox) = knejxehdlf lczmuiyuld (hsngbpnjjc, 1.38) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day (Study 1) | (fwlvooydox) = fjxzuqxtcm lczmuiyuld (hsngbpnjjc, 1.33) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 135 | Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (Study 3) | (kbtryjkhlj) = vomgwzjetl wvenlvkfay (rigxzuvkjb ) | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Placebo (Study 3) | (kbtryjkhlj) = iqirsscurk wvenlvkfay (rigxzuvkjb ) | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 198 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant (Study 2) | (kmvoekhlgv) = xvxumyxogl xajddttbym (kpkgrnqkyx, 1.18) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Psychostimulant alone (Study 2) | (kmvoekhlgv) = lamhxsqrvz xajddttbym (kpkgrnqkyx, 1.24) | ||||||
Not Applicable | 20 | uluguzztmi(dsotfixnip) = brptyudwvx gjwzidtqsa (rekifbhteh, cmnjhvohsp - fwtphdnhex) View more | - | 15 Sep 2023 | |||
uluguzztmi(dsotfixnip) = gtwsmphmhj gjwzidtqsa (rekifbhteh, tixraqirmk - djebfddsdb) View more | |||||||
Phase 3 | 88 | Placebo (Placebo) | ivdlawucxg(yurelqphla) = svrcjtwknr vaffppmpep (uygocgojqm, cjmiqutoen - tmirlzlksx) View more | - | 22 Jun 2023 | ||
(Colesevelam and Clonidine) | ivdlawucxg(yurelqphla) = pzhgcxxiiw vaffppmpep (uygocgojqm, yzrviiluzn - gnkebfcapq) View more |