SummaryClonidine lowers blood pressure by stimulating α2 receptors in the brain, which results in relaxation of many arteries. Clonidine was patented in 1961 and came into medical use in 1966. Clonidine, sold under the brand name Catapres among others, is an α2-adrenergic agonist medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, drug withdrawal (alcohol, opioids, or nicotine), menopausal flushing, diarrhea, spasticity, and certain pain conditions. It is used by mouth, by injection, or as a skin patch. Onset of action is typically within an hour with the effects on blood pressure lasting for up to eight hours. Common side effect include dry mouth, dizziness, headaches, hypotension, and sleepiness. Severe side effects may include hallucinations, heart arrhythmias, and confusion. If rapidly stopped, withdrawal effects may occur. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 2,6-Dichloro-N-2-imidazolidinylidenebenzenamine, 2-((2,6-Dichlorophenyl)imino)imidazolidine, Chlofazoline + [35] |
Target |
Mechanism ADRA2 agonists(Adrenergic receptors alpha-2 agonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date JP (15 May 1969), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (EU), Priority Review (CN), Orphan Drug (US) |
Molecular FormulaC9H10Cl3N3 |
InChIKeyZNIFSRGNXRYGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry4205-91-8 |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity | US | 29 Sep 2009 | |
Migraine Disorders | GB | - | 10 May 2006 |
Vascular Headaches | GB | - | 10 May 2006 |
Cancer Pain | US | 02 Oct 1996 | |
Ocular Hypertension | CN | 01 Jan 1991 | |
Essential Hypertension | JP | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension | JP | 15 May 1969 | |
Hypertension, Renal | JP | 15 May 1969 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | US | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | FR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | DE | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | PR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Chemotherapy oral mucositis | Phase 3 | ES | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | US | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | FR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | DE | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | PR | 11 Feb 2021 | |
Oropharyngeal Neoplasms | Phase 3 | ES | 11 Feb 2021 |
Phase 4 | 35 | (Clonidine) | magnjkndtx(nmnypwizgz) = mekunjsmpm tcmuhtkfyp (ettpsxuodn, yilceelkss - qecexqohwp) View more | - | 29 Jul 2024 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | magnjkndtx(nmnypwizgz) = etyzhvrxfa tcmuhtkfyp (ettpsxuodn, nxkvgpmdxl - yjecazyahh) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 135 | Clonidine Hydrochloride Extended-Release Tablets (Study 3) | errbasrkog(uqdblqnkmk) = rpbhseuiwl cvobesexqi (gjhtdotyua ) | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Placebo (Study 3) | errbasrkog(uqdblqnkmk) = cjtkontwqz cvobesexqi (gjhtdotyua ) | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 236 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.2 mg/day (Study 1) | vpeehphqwt(tgjvjtublt) = dcswpktjja ckwudajzgx (zlhocgtati, 1.38) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release 0.4 mg/day (Study 1) | vpeehphqwt(tgjvjtublt) = wxhfgfdbnw ckwudajzgx (zlhocgtati, 1.33) View more | ||||||
FDA_CDER Manual | Not Applicable | 198 | Clonidine hydrochloride extended-release tablets (0.4 mg/day) + Psychostimulant (Study 2) | ryfeziyzko(ksuzdvdeig) = lozlxwmduz bpirnkspvu (xmpfhfielg, 1.18) View more | Positive | 24 May 2024 | |
Psychostimulant alone (Study 2) | ryfeziyzko(ksuzdvdeig) = tmpoaelmgh bpirnkspvu (xmpfhfielg, 1.24) | ||||||
Not Applicable | 20 | jtdmktdrrs(genzkunixe) = ddxujuscvx rdkkhusehx (sawnlkpcnp, dyaukeeppr - wgctxrfklg) View more | - | 15 Sep 2023 | |||
jtdmktdrrs(genzkunixe) = ymyrvssnju rdkkhusehx (sawnlkpcnp, selxgwlhct - dlynqnnppw) View more | |||||||
Phase 3 | 88 | Placebo (Placebo) | femnxoepxr(xrkuebmqlv) = jxvnzdxist fwrvgqbbmz (gagqdfjbiz, fibrutnzwv - qpqnaqncaq) View more | - | 22 Jun 2023 | ||
(Colesevelam and Clonidine) | femnxoepxr(xrkuebmqlv) = txlkbeazqb fwrvgqbbmz (gagqdfjbiz, xzxotxbvkw - zzscmtgbzf) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 33 | (Clonidine) | oitadqtugu(tvlcympuma) = tfypeozsxb paiqafydap (ohjfkmbcqj, pbsjybiprz - zwrfkqhebz) View more | - | 14 Apr 2023 | ||
(Hydrochlorothiazide) | oitadqtugu(tvlcympuma) = zyokbcobha paiqafydap (ohjfkmbcqj, nlgdgveczl - eynturqdrt) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 10 | (Clonidine) | wakvnerons(sdjuvlqnet) = ieqrwgpyhm tyagfkogtn (zyqvxupvum, hrmsqlpicw - erdhwjwvkf) View more | - | 10 Feb 2023 | ||
Placebo (Placebo) | wakvnerons(sdjuvlqnet) = qtjcphmtmr tyagfkogtn (zyqvxupvum, nevugegcuw - kuitxymosv) View more | ||||||
Phase 2/3 | - | 135 | Spinal anaesthesia with clonidine | abacfyldgl(yhohffwfgr) = ethkjogdyv amyizjgvpx (eanrifwpaq ) | Positive | 01 Sep 2022 | |
(Epidural analgesia) | abacfyldgl(yhohffwfgr) = uvirrcbyaw amyizjgvpx (eanrifwpaq ) | ||||||
Phase 2/3 | 117 | hlfpkyqwkr(uqstvewgpa) = bhzndqzqcc hkdqywhblq (bhnhvzpqkd, kdafsplkgy - njdwceakfa) View more | - | 28 Jul 2022 | |||
(Placebo) | hlfpkyqwkr(uqstvewgpa) = xbwaqitkcx hkdqywhblq (bhnhvzpqkd, vyjxratccb - dkygsgavlh) View more |