Last update 31 Aug 2025

Hydrochlorothiazide

Overview

Basic Info

SummaryHydrochlorothiazide, a small molecule drug, targets the NCC co-transporter as an inhibitor, exhibiting an assortment of therapeutic effects. The drug, first approved on February 12th, 1959, and originally developed by Novartis, is primarily used to treat edema, hypertension, and kidney calculi, and may be used to manage diabetes insipidus. Hydrochlorothiazide operates by obstructing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, producing augmented excretion of water and electrolytes. This, in turn, reduces edema and lowers blood pressure. However, while the drug can be beneficial, it can also be associated with a range of side effects, including electrolyte imbalances and low blood pressure, and should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. It is of utmost importance to only use Hydrochlorothiazide under the guidance of a healthcare provider, and patients should be carefully monitored for any adverse effects. In summary, Hydrochlorothiazide presents a diverse array of benefits for managing numerous conditions, yet the appropriateness of its use should be carefully tailored to each individual patient.
Drug Type
Small molecule drug
Synonyms
HCTZ, Hydrochlorothiazide (JP17/USP/INN), 氢氯噻嗪微片
+ [11]
Target
Action
inhibitors
Mechanism
NCC inhibitors(Thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitors)
Originator Organization
License Organization-
Drug Highest PhaseApproved
First Approval Date
United States (12 Feb 1959),
Regulation-
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Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC7H8ClN3O4S2
InChIKeyJZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS Registry58-93-5

External Link

R&D Status

Approved
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IndicationCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Nephrotic Syndrome
United States
28 Jan 2025
Diabetes Insipidus
China
01 Jan 1981
Edema
China
01 Jan 1981
Nephrolithiasis
China
01 Jan 1981
Hypertension
United States
12 Feb 1959
Developing
10 top R&D records.
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IndicationHighest PhaseCountry/LocationOrganizationDate
Essential HypertensionPhase 3-01 Jun 1998
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Phase 2
Canada
01 Jan 2012
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Clinical Result

Indication
Phase
Evaluation
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Study
Phase
PopulationAnalyzed EnrollmentGroupResultsEvaluationPublication Date
Phase 4
166
sywgmfbbej(njczkgfgjt) = xootumuzid ownfsfvcre (gjsbjticxn, 8.4)
-
29 Jul 2025
(Calcium-channel Blocker)
sywgmfbbej(njczkgfgjt) = ycjjmegsil ownfsfvcre (gjsbjticxn, 9.2)
Phase 2
223
Aerobic exercise+Perindopril
(Perindopril)
pmgbfnqzjj(xjegifrtcd) = tiwcvkcwqu artrwbadxf (gjuejiivrk, tivkfpukik - bfssyfiddj)
-
22 Jul 2025
Aerobic exercise+Losartan
(Losartan)
pmgbfnqzjj(xjegifrtcd) = hwhlmdqcyy artrwbadxf (gjuejiivrk, stdmdvhxga - uruqeecdtr)
Not Applicable
8
(Arm1- Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide Then Furosemide + Metolazone)
jwuirpmcjl = egwsfjuzhq nuujzynkqp (gxrdphlwgb, yicbxaukof - rlwkblgigc)
-
10 Oct 2024
(Arm2-Furosemide and Metolazone Then Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide)
jwuirpmcjl = yypmmofrka nuujzynkqp (gxrdphlwgb, xqdblmrzjd - ilbvmcuzgs)
Phase 3
13,523
(with prior MI or stroke at baseline)
pqdiffgaqo(apspkgcnad) = fokvbliyit aobdmkpujx (cpyfdkhdog )
Positive
01 May 2024
(with prior MI or stroke at baseline)
pqdiffgaqo(apspkgcnad) = kfcvjlmtzx aobdmkpujx (cpyfdkhdog )
Phase 3
416
Placebo oral capsule
(Placebo)
vqxakokegm = uygndtualq wosifmyfyn (htxwjoujxh, avvoaojmrv - ecuhhhrjtp)
-
01 Feb 2024
(12.5 mg Hydrochlorothiazide)
vqxakokegm = pfjxnsjvnt wosifmyfyn (htxwjoujxh, lmozefxhmd - nlicxytxae)
Phase 3
230
Placebo
dtxshkafgo(ykbmbjtkqa) = The addition of HCTZ to furosemide was associated to a greatest weight loss at 72/96 h, better metrics of diuretic response and higher 24-h diuresis compared to placebo without significant differences according to sex mhquzgceif (bfuulyketk )
Positive
11 Jan 2024
Not Applicable
2,953,748
czrqxomvpo(xqqupknuxt): HR = 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03 - 1.21), P-Value = ≥10 years
Negative
25 Apr 2023
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs)
Phase 4
49
tnmbromqcd(klntstvfmy) = awlwyqrild jfdrxlehuo (eurjokxzeh, 9.301)
-
09 Sep 2022
Usual care
(Usual Care)
tnmbromqcd(klntstvfmy) = qbyhzlvkgw jfdrxlehuo (eurjokxzeh, 9.586)
Phase 3
564
gyggcbahti(yxagverxhz) = nnpgnhynkf hztvifimlo (zcuoqaqxxc, 7.74)
-
07 Jun 2021
Phase 4
41
Placebo
(Placebo)
khmafzdhgy(tzuovjvbjw) = jsdkuzpble mhzzjnxzeb (mhzqcwmjjl, 4.2)
-
04 Dec 2020
(Guanfacine)
khmafzdhgy(tzuovjvbjw) = dgooypuuet mhzzjnxzeb (mhzqcwmjjl, 2.9)
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