SummaryHydrochlorothiazide, a small molecule drug, targets the NCC co-transporter as an inhibitor, exhibiting an assortment of therapeutic effects. The drug, first approved on February 12th, 1959, and originally developed by Novartis, is primarily used to treat edema, hypertension, and kidney calculi, and may be used to manage diabetes insipidus. Hydrochlorothiazide operates by obstructing the reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions in the distal convoluted tubule of the kidney, producing augmented excretion of water and electrolytes. This, in turn, reduces edema and lowers blood pressure. However, while the drug can be beneficial, it can also be associated with a range of side effects, including electrolyte imbalances and low blood pressure, and should be used with caution in patients with severe kidney disease. It is of utmost importance to only use Hydrochlorothiazide under the guidance of a healthcare provider, and patients should be carefully monitored for any adverse effects. In summary, Hydrochlorothiazide presents a diverse array of benefits for managing numerous conditions, yet the appropriateness of its use should be carefully tailored to each individual patient. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms HCTZ, Hydrochlorothiazide (JP17/USP/INN), 氢氯噻嗪微片 + [11] |
Target |
Action inhibitors |
Mechanism NCC inhibitors(Thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter inhibitors) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
Inactive Organization |
License Organization- |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (12 Feb 1959), |
Regulation- |
Molecular FormulaC7H8ClN3O4S2 |
InChIKeyJZUFKLXOESDKRF-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
CAS Registry58-93-5 |
KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
---|---|---|---|
D00340 | Hydrochlorothiazide |
Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|
Nephrotic Syndrome | United States | 28 Jan 2025 | |
Diabetes Insipidus | China | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Edema | China | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Nephrolithiasis | China | 01 Jan 1981 | |
Hypertension | United States | 12 Feb 1959 |
Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
Essential Hypertension | Phase 3 | - | 01 Jun 1998 | |
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 | Phase 2 | Canada | 01 Jan 2012 |
Phase 4 | 166 | (Diuretic) | sywgmfbbej(njczkgfgjt) = xootumuzid ownfsfvcre (gjsbjticxn, 8.4) View more | - | 29 Jul 2025 | ||
(Calcium-channel Blocker) | sywgmfbbej(njczkgfgjt) = ycjjmegsil ownfsfvcre (gjsbjticxn, 9.2) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 223 | Aerobic exercise+Perindopril (Perindopril) | pmgbfnqzjj(xjegifrtcd) = tiwcvkcwqu artrwbadxf (gjuejiivrk, tivkfpukik - bfssyfiddj) View more | - | 22 Jul 2025 | ||
Aerobic exercise+Losartan (Losartan) | pmgbfnqzjj(xjegifrtcd) = hwhlmdqcyy artrwbadxf (gjuejiivrk, stdmdvhxga - uruqeecdtr) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 8 | (Arm1- Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide Then Furosemide + Metolazone) | jwuirpmcjl = egwsfjuzhq nuujzynkqp (gxrdphlwgb, yicbxaukof - rlwkblgigc) View more | - | 10 Oct 2024 | ||
(Arm2-Furosemide and Metolazone Then Furosemide and Hydrochlorothiazide) | jwuirpmcjl = yypmmofrka nuujzynkqp (gxrdphlwgb, xqdblmrzjd - ilbvmcuzgs) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 13,523 | (with prior MI or stroke at baseline) | pqdiffgaqo(apspkgcnad) = fokvbliyit aobdmkpujx (cpyfdkhdog ) View more | Positive | 01 May 2024 | ||
(with prior MI or stroke at baseline) | pqdiffgaqo(apspkgcnad) = kfcvjlmtzx aobdmkpujx (cpyfdkhdog ) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 416 | Placebo oral capsule (Placebo) | vqxakokegm = uygndtualq wosifmyfyn (htxwjoujxh, avvoaojmrv - ecuhhhrjtp) View more | - | 01 Feb 2024 | ||
(12.5 mg Hydrochlorothiazide) | vqxakokegm = pfjxnsjvnt wosifmyfyn (htxwjoujxh, lmozefxhmd - nlicxytxae) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 230 | Placebo | dtxshkafgo(ykbmbjtkqa) = The addition of HCTZ to furosemide was associated to a greatest weight loss at 72/96 h, better metrics of diuretic response and higher 24-h diuresis compared to placebo without significant differences according to sex mhquzgceif (bfuulyketk ) View more | Positive | 11 Jan 2024 | ||
furosemide+hydrochlorothiazide | |||||||
Not Applicable | 2,953,748 | czrqxomvpo(xqqupknuxt): HR = 1.12 (95% CI, 1.03 - 1.21), P-Value = ≥10 years | Negative | 25 Apr 2023 | |||
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) | |||||||
Phase 4 | 49 | (NICHE Method) | tnmbromqcd(klntstvfmy) = awlwyqrild jfdrxlehuo (eurjokxzeh, 9.301) View more | - | 09 Sep 2022 | ||
Usual care (Usual Care) | tnmbromqcd(klntstvfmy) = qbyhzlvkgw jfdrxlehuo (eurjokxzeh, 9.586) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 564 | gyggcbahti(yxagverxhz) = nnpgnhynkf hztvifimlo (zcuoqaqxxc, 7.74) View more | - | 07 Jun 2021 | |||
Phase 4 | 41 | Placebo (Placebo) | khmafzdhgy(tzuovjvbjw) = jsdkuzpble mhzzjnxzeb (mhzqcwmjjl, 4.2) View more | - | 04 Dec 2020 | ||
(Guanfacine) | khmafzdhgy(tzuovjvbjw) = dgooypuuet mhzzjnxzeb (mhzqcwmjjl, 2.9) View more |