The primary goal is to assess the effectiveness in pregnancy prolongation utilizing azithromycin at the time of transvaginal cervical cerclage placement.

Start Date01 Sep 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Wake Forest School of Medicine

ACTRN12626000732381

/ RecruitingPhase 2IIT

A prospective, open-label, two-period crossover Phase 2a trial to determine absolute bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, safety, and acceptability of subcutaneous compared with intravenous ceftriaxone, cefazolin, and meropenem in hospitalised children.

Start Date04 Aug 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

The University of Western Australia

JPRN-UMIN000059500

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Non-inferior comparative study comparing one day or intraoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis after clean orthopaedic surgery (NOCOTA study): a cluster randomized controlled trial comparing duration of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Start Date01 Aug 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Cefazolin Sodium

100 Translational Medicine associated with Cefazolin Sodium

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Cefazolin Sodium

8,603

Literatures (Medical) associated with Cefazolin Sodium

01 Dec 2026·Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open

Spinal Subdural Abscess in the Emergency Department: A Rare Diagnosis in an Immunocompetent Host

Article

Author: Richardson, Jordan ; Sobin, Michael F ; Nassereddine, Hashem

Spinal subdural abscess is an exceptionally rare and potentially life-threatening spinal infection characterized by the accumulation of purulent material between the dura and arachnoid mater. In contrast to the more common spinal epidural abscess, spinal subdural abscesses have been reported in fewer than 80 cases, often in pediatric, postoperative, or immunocompromised patients. This case represents the fourth documented instance of a spinal subdural abscess in an immunocompetent adult without identifiable risk factors or a known source of infection and the first reported in emergency medicine literature. A 60-year-old immunocompetent woman presented to the emergency department with atraumatic low back pain initially attributed to lumbar radiculopathy. She returned six days later with worsening bilateral radicular pain, urinary incontinence, and systemic symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large subdural fluid collection from T2 to L5, concerning for spinal subdural abscess. Emergent surgical decompression revealed frank purulence within the subdural space. Cultures grew Streptococcus intermedius, a rare pathogen in spinal infections. The patient completed an 8-week course of intravenous cefazolin and recovered fully with resolution of neurologic deficits. Spinal subdural abscesses can progress rapidly, causing widespread neurologic impairment due to the continuity of the subdural space. This case underscores the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion for spinal infections in patients presenting with back pain and neurological deficits, even in immunocompetent patients. Early MRI and surgical consultation are essential to prevent irreversible neurological damage and optimize patient outcomes.

01 Dec 2026·MICROBIAL PATHOGENESIS

Screening and characterization of a probiotic fish-derived Enterococcus faecium and its co-fermentation with Acanthopanax senticosus extract modulate growth and immunity in crucian carp(Carassius auratus)

Article

Author: Siqi, Li ; Hongmiao, Gao ; Yanghong, Liu ; Shixin, Sun ; Luotao, Tao ; Xiaofeng, Shan ; Libing, Bai ; Wuwen, Sun ; Yun, Pang ; Xue, Jiao ; Peiqi, Lu

Under intensive aquaculture practices, the frequent occurrence of diseases exacerbates the risk of antibiotic overuse. Therefore, screening safe and efficacious probiotics originating from the host fish themselves represents one of the key strategies to address this issue. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal contents of healthy crucian carp and identified by morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization, as well as 16SrDNA sequencing. Their probiotic potential was comprehensively evaluated by antimicrobial assays, in vitro tolerance assays, and auto-aggregation assays, among others. Furthermore, their biosafety was assessed via antimicrobial susceptibility testing, hemolysis tests, and PCR detection of virulence and transferable antibiotic resistance genes. Based on the immunoenhancing effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract identified in previous studies, the selected strain was co-fermented with this extract. Subsequently, the effects of the composite preparation on growth, immunity, and disease resistance of crucian carp were evaluated through a 28-day feeding trial and a challenge test with Aeromonas hydrophila. From the 130 isolated strains, Strain No.19 was finally selected and identified as Enterococcus faecium. It exhibited inhibition zone diameters of ≥10 mm against all four tested pathogenic bacteria, and showed a survival rate of 76.9% under 0.3% bile salt stress. The strain also demonstrated good resistance to acid, alkali, trypsin, and heat treatment at 60 °C. Its auto-aggregation rate and hydrophobicity rate were 48.90% and 56.71%, respectively, and it possessed strong biofilm-forming ability. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that it was sensitive to 16 tested antibiotics, with resistance only to cefazolin. Moreover, PCR detection of virulence and transferable antibiotic resistance genes yielded negative results, and no hemolytic activity was observed. The animal trial demonstrated that the group supplemented with 6% bacterial preparation and 0.5% A. senticosus extract achieved the highest weight gain rate (66.58%), while the group with 4% bacterial preparation (Group C) exhibited the optimal immunomodulatory function, as evidenced by significantly increased activities of serum catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), lysozyme (LZM), and complement C3 and C4, along with upregulated expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in the kidney, liver, and intestine. Following the challenge, this group also showed the highest survival rate, with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 35.29%. In summary, E. faecium strain 19 derived from crucian carp exhibited excellent probiotic properties and a favorable safety profile. Its combination with A. senticosus extract significantly promoted growth, enhanced immune responses, and improved disease resistance in crucian carp. Although the present study was conducted under laboratory conditions, these findings have confirmed its practical value as a green feed additive for aquaculture. Nevertheless, further validation is still required regarding its specific application effects under actual farming conditions.

01 Nov 2026·JSES reviews, reports, and techniques

Zero confirmed allergic reactions to cefazolin in an elective orthopedic cohort with high prevalence of reported beta-lactam allergies

Article

Author: Balsan, Abigail ; Grandberg, Camila ; Lin, Albert ; Dadoo, Sahil ; Gilbert, Ryan

Background:

Cefazolin is the most effective prophylactic antibiotic for orthopedic surgeries. There is a high prevalence of patient-reported beta-lactam antibiotic allergies, which often results in inferior pre-operative antibiotics use. This study's purpose was to determine the rate of true allergic reactions among patients with a reported beta-lactam allergy when administered cefazolin. The hypothesis was that the rate of true allergic reactions would be low following cefazolin administration among patients with reported beta-lactam allergy.

Methods:

Patients undergoing orthopedic surgical procedures by a single surgeon between January 2023 and December 2024 were included. Reported autoimmune/psychiatric disorders, total number of reported allergies, type of reported beta-lactam antibiotic allergy, reported symptoms to beta-lactam antibiotic, and reported allergy severity were obtained via electronic medical records. Allergies were categorized as "true allergies" (anaphylactic/non-anaphylactic) or "other reactions." Demographic and allergy characteristics were compared between patients who did and did not report a beta-lactam antibiotic allergy.

Results:

Of 1,603 patients (57 ± 18 years; 47% female), 310 (19%) patients reported a beta-lactam antibiotic allergy and 230/310 (74%) specifically reported a penicillin allergy. Female (61% vs. 44%, P < .001) and older patients (60 ± 16 vs. 57 ± 18 years, P = .002) were more likely to report beta-lactam allergies. Of the 310 patients with a reported beta-lactam antibiotic allergy, 18 (6%) patients reported anaphylaxis, 224 (72%) non-anaphylactic reaction, and 100 (32%) reported other reaction type. Of patients with a reported beta-lactam antibiotic allergy, 301 (97%) patients were administered cefazolin during surgery, and 0 patients were found to have a true allergic reaction.

Conclusion:

Zero patients with a reported beta-lactam antibiotic allergy were found to have a true allergic reaction during the intraoperative or immediate post-operative period following cefazolin administration during an orthopedic surgery. Although reported allergies should be critically evaluated, this suggests cefazolin may be safely administered even if a beta-lactam antibiotic allergy is reported.

News (Medical) associated with Cefazolin Sodium

21 Oct 2026

·www.biospace.com

FDA accuses Baxter leaders of ‘inadequate’ oversight after finding GMP failings

iStock, Yellow duck The recurrence of violations at multiple sites led the FDA to conclude that Baxter management must improve its oversight and control of manufacturing. Baxter has received an FDA warning letter over the shortcomings in its attempts to stop antibiotics from contaminating other drug products. The FDA issued the warning letter to Baxter’s Round Lake, Illinois, facility after assessing the observations of inspectors who visited the site in March and April. While the letter addresses failings at one plant this spring, the FDA framed the shortcomings as part of broader, longer-term concerns, noting similar violations at the facility in January 2025 and citing related issues at other Baxter plants. “These repeated failures at multiple sites demonstrate that management oversight and control over the manufacture of drugs is inadequate,” the FDA said. The Round Lake facility is one of Baxter’s three main pharmaceutical manufacturing plants and the only one on the U.S. mainland. Baxter lists the antibiotics cefazolin, vancomycin and Zosyn among the products manufactured in Round Lake. Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic, a type of beta lactam drug that can cause life-threatening allergic reactions. FDA investigators found Baxter’s facilities and controls were inadequate to prevent conditions that would allow cephalosporin contamination of other drugs, despite a wall separating the parts of the building handling the different products. Baxter considers the wall to be fully sealed and has installed dedicated heating, ventilation and air conditioning units. Despite those precautions, Baxter’s environmental monitoring program detected cephalosporin in multiple areas on the other side of the building on several occasions since January 2025. The monitoring program was sufficient to identify recurring cross-contamination but inadequate to promptly detect the containment failure, the FDA said. The site’s inadequacies could cause the underrepresentation of true contamination hazards throughout the facility and create potential for false negative results, the agency added. The FDA is concerned that the quality unit may lack the data needed to make “sound risk-based decisions.” The cause of the recurring contamination findings remains unclear. Personnel movement is a weakness in the containment strategy but unlikely to be the sole factor contributing to the detected incidents, Baxter told the FDA. Baxter committed to strengthening investigations into the cephalosporin contamination when the FDA raised its concerns. However, the agency deemed Baxter’s response inadequate because it failed to ensure the complete and comprehensive separation of different parts of the plant. The FDA also scolded the company for failing to thoroughly reevaluate its original risk management decisions. Cephalosporin contamination was one of four overarching concerns that the FDA raised in its warning letter. The agency also criticized Baxter’s efforts to stop microbiological contamination of drug products and establish laboratory controls for identity, strength, quality and purity. Manufacturing FDA’s first AI-focused cGMP warning letter signals new scrutiny for manufacturers The FDAs enforcement action against Purolea Cosmetics Lab offers an early look at how the agency expects AI-generated work to fit within existing quality systems, with experts saying human oversight and quality controls remain essential. July 16, 2026 · 3 min read · John Potter Read more

28 Jul 2026

·www.fiercepharma.com

Baxter issues recall of antibiotic IV bags after bits of cardboard flagged in solution

Baxter International has issued a voluntary recall of one lot of cefazolin in dextrose injection after a report that cardboard was found in an IV infusion bag. The recalled lot is for LD175708 with a February 2027 expiration date. The batch was distributed nationwide in the U.S. between March and June of 2025, the company said in a letter posted to the FDA website this week. The solution is primarily used to treat or prevent bacterial infections during surgery. Any use of a contaminated product could lead to a “reasonable probability” of blocking pulmonary and other blood vessels, the company said, adding that the particles could also trigger systemic activation of the immune system, organ dysfunction and a breakdown of blood cells. Baxter said that, as of July 24, it hadn't received any reports of adverse effects related to the recall. The voluntary recall comes almost a year to the day after the company and the regulatory agency began efforts warning healthcare providers to change out Baxter’s Novu IQ infusion pump IV administration set or switch to another pump in the wake of reports of 79 serious injuries and two deaths due to a software glitch. The pump had a problem of either delivering too much or too little medication and other fluids. By August of last year, issues with the pump and softer-than-expected demand for IV fluids following damage caused to Baxter’s North Carolina manufacturing plant by Hurricane Helene led to the company trimming its revenue projections for the year, sending its stock down by more than 20%.

03 Mar 2026

·www.biospace.com

HSS Reports Results of Key Studies on Targeted Medication Use in Joint Replacement Surgery

NEW ORLEANS--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS), the world’s leading academic medical center focused on musculoskeletal health, today announced the results of several critical studies examining the use of targeted medications in joint replacement surgery to improve patient outcomes. These studies address key questions in perioperative medication management, an area that directly affects recovery, safety, and long‑term outcomes for joint replacement patients. The findings, presented at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), evaluated outcomes following hip and knee replacement procedures. The first of the three studies, “Aspirin Versus Potent VTE Chemoprophylaxis (VTEC) in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Reduced Postoperative Pain and Complications with Aspirin Use,” examined the experience of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients with postoperative pain who were also taking blood thinners. The study included 28,169 patients treated between 2016 and 2023; 18,413 received aspirin while 9,756 received a potent VTEC. Patients were monitored for 90 days following their procedure. The findings suggest that aspirin should be considered the preferred option for reducing postoperative pain in TKA patients. Patients on more-potent blood thinners tend to experience more pain, swelling and inflammation after surgery, said Brian P. Chalmers, MD , a hip and knee surgeon at HSS and one of the study’s authors. “We have always known that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications can improve patients’ swelling and inflammation after surgery. However, the traditional thought and belief has been that we should avoid those in patients on anticoagulation. Our data show there is less risk and less postoperative pain when these patients are utilizing aspirin.” A second study, “ The Effect of Concomitant Use of Potent Anticoagulation and Anti-Inflammatories on Early Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty,” retrospectively evaluated 5,881 total hip arthroplasty patients who were on anticoagulation. The surgeries were performed between 2016 and 2023; of those patients, 4,867 were concomitantly prescribed NSAIDs and 1,040 received anticoagulation alone. Researchers concluded that the concomitant use of NSAIDs in patients on anticoagulants did not increase the risk of wound-related bleeding complications. “The conventional thinking has often been that patients on an anticoagulant should not be on an NSAID, that there is going to be bleeding, more risk of wound problems and additional complications. But based on our retrospective data, we did not see increased risk in patients using both anticoagulation and NSAIDs. We did see some additional benefits, including less pain and a somewhat easier recovery,” Dr. Chalmers stated. “NSAIDs appear to be safe in this setting and may help decrease postoperative pain and reduce opioid use following surgery.” The final study, “Cefazolin and the R-1 Side Chain: Why Your Joint Arthroplasty Patients With Cephalosporin Allergy Can Safely Be Given Cefazolin,” assessed the safety and effectiveness of the antibiotic Cefazolin in patients with documented cephalosporin allergies. This is the first study to evaluate these questions. From 2016 to 2024, researchers compared patients with a reported cephalosporin allergy who received perioperative cefazolin with those who received alternative antibiotic prophylaxis. This study included 89,993 hip and knee arthroplasty patients. Of these, 1,267 had a documented allergy. The study resulted in zero incidence of IgE-mediated or “severe” type IV allergic reactions, concluding that cefazolin can be safely administered to most patients with an existing cephalosporin allergy. “When patients have a mild allergic reaction, there is often a reflex to give them another antibiotic in a different family of drugs. However, alternative options aren’t always as effective,” said Matthew S. Austin, MD , hip and knee surgeon at HSS and a study author. “Clear protocols should be put in place to guide decision-making when managing these types of allergies.” These findings underscore HSS’s ongoing commitment to challenging conventional assumptions and using data-driven research to refine perioperative care. The studies highlight how targeted medication strategies can improve safety, reduce complications and enhance outcomes for patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty. Study Details “Aspirin Versus Potent VTE Chemoprophylaxis in Total Knee Arthroplasty: Reduced Postoperative Pain and Complications with Aspirin Use” Alex Anatone, Alexis Gabriel Gonzalez, Richard Hwang, David Andrew Kolin, Aaron Ira Weinblatt, Amar S Ranawat, Alejandro Gonzalez Della Valle, Brian Chalmers “The Effect of Concomitant Use of Potent Anticoagulation and Anti-Inflammatories on Early Outcomes of Total Hip Arthroplasty” Alexis Gabriel Gonzalez, Aaron Ira Weinblatt, Agnes Cororaton Jones, Stephen Lyman, Richard Hwang, Alex Anatone, Carlo Marega, Alejandro Gonzalez Della Valle, Brian Chalmers “Cefazolin and the R-1 Side Chain: Why Your Joint Arthroplasty Patients With Cephalosporin Allergy Can Safely Be Given Cefazolin” Josef Jolissaint, Katherine E Mallett, Andrew Thomson, Alberto V Carli, Matthew Austin About HSS HSS is the world’s leading academic medical center focused on musculoskeletal health. At its core is Hospital for Special Surgery, nationally ranked No. 1 in orthopedics (for the 16th consecutive year), No. 3 in rheumatology by U.S. News & World Report (2025-2026), and the best pediatric orthopedic hospital in NY, NJ and CT by U.S. News & World Report “Best Children’s Hospitals” list (2025-2026). In a survey of medical professionals in more than 20 countries by Newsweek, HSS is ranked world #1 in orthopedics for a fifth consecutive year (2025). Founded in 1863, the Hospital has the lowest readmission rates in the nation for orthopedics, and among the lowest infection and complication rates. HSS was the first in New York State to receive Magnet Recognition for Excellence in Nursing Service from the American Nurses Credentialing Center five consecutive times. An affiliate of Weill Cornell Medical College, HSS has a main campus in New York City and facilities in New Jersey, Connecticut and in the Long Island and Westchester County regions of New York State, as well as in Florida. In addition to patient care, HSS leads the field in research, innovation and education. The HSS Research Institute comprises 20 laboratories and 300 staff members focused on leading the advancement of musculoskeletal health through prevention of degeneration, tissue repair and tissue regeneration. In addition, more than 200 HSS clinical investigators are working to improve patient outcomes through better ways to prevent, diagnose, and treat orthopedic, rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases. The HSS Innovation Institute works to realize the potential of new drugs, therapeutics and devices. The HSS Education Institute is a trusted leader in advancing musculoskeletal knowledge and research for physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, academic trainees, and consumers in more than 165 countries. The institution is collaborating with medical centers and other organizations to advance the quality and value of musculoskeletal care and to make world-class HSS care more widely accessible nationally and internationally. . Contacts Media Contacts: Tracy Hickenbottom/Rachael Rennich/Lizzy Keach 212-606-1197 mediarelations@hss.edu

Clinical Result

100 Deals associated with Cefazolin Sodium

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00905	Cefazolin Sodium	J01DB04	DB01327

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Infectious Diseases	United States	HQ Specialty Pharma Corp.	13 Feb 2026
Biliary tract infection	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Bone and joint infections	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Endocarditis	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Genital infection	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Respiratory Tract Infections	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Sepsis	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Skin and skin structure infections	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Surgical Wound Infection	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Urinary Tract Infections	United States	B. Braun Medical, Inc.	27 Jul 2000
Bacterial Infections	China	Wuhan Jiuan Medicine Industry Co. Ltd.	01 Jan 1984
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections	United States	GSK Plc	04 Oct 1973

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT07186894 (Pubmed \| Antimicrob Agents Chemother)	Not Applicable	Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia	222	Cefazolin	fpezeqgsga(bsndalkdcv) = vgenonfpyc uatsvehcwj (bzbclhwhaf ) View more	Positive	07 Oct 2026
				Antistaphylococcal penicillins	hfrxmxivzx(xyqsocwpls) = vgqhcallqg mzjbauvqct (dagigzqkzk )
NCT05137119 (SNAP, Pubmed \| N Engl J Med)	Phase 4	Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia	1,287	Cefazolin	zhuyftrzos(eqikkqqeqy) = ilkojitqnd rrqolidefc (vhuzmcdabq ) View more	Positive	18 Jun 2026
				Flucloxacillin or Cloxacillin	zhuyftrzos(eqikkqqeqy) = skaetqggln rrqolidefc (vhuzmcdabq ) View more
NCT05447559 (CALIPSO, Pubmed \| BMJ Open)	Phase 3	Surgical Wound Infection	9,180	intravenous cefazolin (Intraoperative only)	aiirkdxzxz(dugclkxrec) = smbzpmaxgr rblkbkapzv (rkyebytnow )	Positive	01 Mar 2026
				intravenous cefazolin (Intraoperative and 24 hours)	evcfbeovso(syglxzhmby) = ynufsnycsm sheabmzzil (unmalxmfyp )
AAAAI2026	Not Applicable	-	86	Cefazolin	dovirocrbi(redcwstxpa) = jlomxssafx eyrqaqeuoc (qpgkajtwpw ) View more	Positive	27 Feb 2026
NCT03248063 (CloCeBa, Pubmed \| Lancet)	Not Applicable	Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia	315	Cefazolin	eltaeggzqk(ufqjbnsbso) = nnspfoctih mnbxdoybjt (sqlhkaqvir ) View more	Non-inferior	01 Nov 2025
				Cloxacillin	eltaeggzqk(ufqjbnsbso) = aapwsyyfmr mnbxdoybjt (sqlhkaqvir ) View more
AAAAI2025	Not Applicable	Anaphylaxis	73	Cefazolin	bclydcdlep(hnlwoykims) = mdsnzyirgs dhlhrbouwy (mxbklhjqmk ) View more	Positive	28 Feb 2025
				Chlorhexidine	ynozcambco(vxxgmrqirq) = vanbnnruvt vabouborhh (pinklxswjp )
NCT05205486 (3gCefPK, CTgov)	Phase 1	Infectious Diseases	12	Cefazolin+Dextrose	qjpznkwyoi(bcddwugquy) = tmbyojhhvl gsfbqooers (dqfhqzmiyc, 702) View more	-	28 Feb 2025
NCT03261830 (Therapeutic Level I, CTgov)	Phase 4	Surgical Wound Infection \| Humeral Fractures	160	Cefazolin+Clindamycin (Pre-operative Antibiotics)	jfhdfssjrm = ipifmalllg lifabbhmca (dhzcnvedcc, kwqyxdclsd - ysrvtejmrn) View more	-	09 Aug 2024
				Saline (Saline Placebo)	jfhdfssjrm = bfqfyoxtjm lifabbhmca (dhzcnvedcc, icfzvpxxnr - tlihchydxj) View more
NCT03801252 (APPOINT, CTgov)	Early Phase 1	Labor, Induced \| Obesity	186	Cefazolin+Azithromycin (Cefazolin + Azithromycin)	odiilcquzg = ywaykyjeae famuucelkq (zwengvnczy, xafanwxmso - hrftmzunub) View more	-	19 Apr 2024
				Placebo (Placebo + Placebo)	odiilcquzg = uvvtuncomh famuucelkq (zwengvnczy, btvfjuzeqq - khkkbpurth) View more
NCT03094663 (IPACK, CTgov)	Phase 4	Analgesia \| Arthropathy of knee joint	86	Cefazolin+8 MHz. Chiba needle+epinephrine+Methylprednisolone+Dexamethasone+Bupivacaine 25cc+Bupivacaine 20cc (Peri-Articular Injections Only)	xjmrtzeoxl(uvnxbbhpjs) = vdcmgxhnud lmulynocqf (tqgwiifpal, 1.7) View more	-	23 Jan 2024
				Cefazolin+8 MHz. Chiba needle+epinephrine+Methylprednisolone+dexamethasone+Bupivacaine 25cc (Peri-Articular Injections, Adductor Canal Block, and IPACK)	xjmrtzeoxl(uvnxbbhpjs) = bvawjssibs lmulynocqf (tqgwiifpal, 1.4) View more

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