Evaluation and comparison of the effectiveness of Hyper CVAD and Arsenic/ interferon/ zidovudine (As/IFN/AZT) treatment regimens in patients with acute Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL).

Start Date25 Mar 2022

Sponsor / Collaborator

Mashhad University of Medical Sciences

ChiCTR1900026933

/ SuspendedPhase 1IIT

Bioequivalance of Zidovudine and Lamivudine Tablets(Fasting) in the Human Body: A randomized cross-over controlled trial

Start Date28 Oct 2019

Sponsor / Collaborator-

NCT03988452

/ Unknown statusPhase 3IIT

Nucleosides And Darunavir/Dolutegravir In Africa (NADIA): a Randomised Controlled Trial of Darunavir Versus Dolutegravir and Tenofovir Versus Zidovudine in Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for the Public Health Approach in Sub-Saharan Africa

This trial evaluates options for second-line antiretroviral therapy in patients failing on a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) and tenofovir (TDF)-based first-line regimen in the setting of the public health approach in sub-Saharan Africa (with assumed substantial nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI) cross-resistance). The trial tests two hypotheses. Firstly that a regimen of dolutegravir (DTG) with two NRTIs is non-inferior to a regimen of ritonavir-boosted darunavir (DRV/r) with two NRTIs. Secondly that continuing an NRTI regimen of TDF and lamivudine (3TC) is non-inferior to switching to zidovudine (ZDV) and 3TC.
The trial is a parallel group, open-label, multi-centre, factorial (2X2) randomised, controlled trial. Patients will be randomised to either DTG or DRV/r with a second randomisation to ZDV and 3TC or TDF and 3TC. Treatment efficacy will be monitored by testing viral load (VL). Analyses will compare DRV/r with DTG; and ZDV/3TC with TDF/3TC by intention to treat analysis on the primary outcome parameter of plasma VL below 400 copies/ml at 48 weeks. Trial follow-up will continue to 96 weeks.

Start Date30 Jul 2019

Sponsor / Collaborator

Makerere University

100 Clinical Results associated with Zidovudine

100 Translational Medicine associated with Zidovudine

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Zidovudine

17,411

Literatures (Medical) associated with Zidovudine

01 Jul 2025·SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY

Dual-ribavirin-imprinted composite membrane based on MOFs self-assembly design for selective separation studies

Author: Liu, Han ; Li, Yue ; Zhang, Zhaohan ; Wu, Yilin ; Wei, Maobin ; Diao, Zequan

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) possess several advantages, including high porosity, a large sp. surface area, tunable structures, and significant adsorption capabilities.However, traditional MOFs materials are vulnerable to the influence of small mols. or structural analogs of the target within complex systems, limiting their ability to selectively sep. specific mols.In this study, we integrated the imprinting technique with MOFs to create imprinted MOFs that exhibit enhanced selectivity and adsorption properties.A bottom-up approach, mediated by polydopamine (PDA), was employed as a linker to improve hydrophilicity and binding activity, thereby establishing a robust and stable adhesion platform for integrated structures.Subsequently, double imprinting was utilized to selectively isolate ribavirin (RBV).The secondary imprinting process involved constructing an imprinted layer of MOFs with specific recognition sites on the surface of a composite membrane, thereby generating specific imprinting sites.We investigated the adsorption isotherms and kinetics, along with permeation selectivity and stability, achieving a desirable rebinding capacity of 61.31 mg/g and permeation selectivity factors of β_ACV/RBV = 12.94, β_LAM/RBV = 14.81 and β_AZT/RBV = 16.91, resp.The water flux of the imprinted membranes produced using the suggested dual-imprinting technique was 16.12 times higher than that of monolayer imprinted membranes.The adsorption and selectivity of molecularly imprinted membranes (MIMs) can be greatly enhanced by the specialized recognition sites in the double-imprinted membranes interacting with RBV more efficiently due to its hydrophilia.This work provides new theor. and practical insights into addressing the critical scientific challenge of the 'trade-off' effect between permeation flux and permeation selectivity of template mols. during the osmotic separation process of conventional MIMs.

01 Jun 2025·ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY

Development and validation of a graphene quantum dot-based sensor for abacavir quantification via fluorescence quenching

Article

Author: Alqahtani, Taha ; Al Fatease, Adel ; Almrasy, Ahmed A ; Alqahtani, Ali

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global health concern, and the development of effective methods for the detection and quantification of antiretroviral drugs is crucial for monitoring therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance. Herein, we present a novel approach utilizing graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for the determination of abacavir, a widely used nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor in the treatment of HIV. The sensing mechanism was investigated through Stern-Volmer analysis, thermodynamics studies, and density functional theory calculations, which revealed the strong binding interactions between GQDs and abacavir via a static quenching process. Factors affecting the analytical performance, such as pH, GQDs concentration, and incubation time, were systematically optimized to achieve a linear detection range of 100-1000 ng/mL with a low detection limit of 17.49 ng/mL. The method was validated in accordance with ICH guidelines demonstrating excellent linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and selectivity making it suitable for the quantification of abacavir in pharmaceutical formulations and biological samples. The method also demonstrated higher sensitivity and more environmentally friendly characteristics when compared to previously reported chromatographic techniques, showcasing the potential of GQDs as a superior alternative for the traditional detection approaches of pharmaceutical compounds.

01 Jun 2025·CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION

Association of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors with adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis

Review

Author: Hemelaar, Joris ; Portwood, Clara ; Beck, Katharina ; Kumarendran, Mary ; Brandon, Zoe ; Sexton, Harriet ; Cowdell, Imogen ; Hey, Molly ; Kirtley, Shona

BACKGROUND:

The WHO recommends antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) as backbone. WHO recommends tenofovir disoproxil fumarate combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine as first line in pregnancy, and zidovudine, abacavir or tenofovir alafenamide, combined with lamivudine or emtricitabine, as alternatives.

OBJECTIVES:

This study aims to evaluate the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes in pregnant women living with HIV (WLHIV) receiving different NRTIs.

METHODS:

Data sources included Medline, CINAHL, Global Health, and Embase.

STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:

Cohort studies.

PARTICIPANTS:

Pregnant WLHIV.

INTERVENTIONS:

ART regimens containing different NRTI drugs.

ASSESSMENT OF RISK OF BIAS:

Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation.

METHODS OF DATA SYNTHESIS:

Random-effects meta-analysis.

RESULTS:

In total, 22 cohort studies including 124,478 pregnant WLHIV met the eligibility criteria. ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was associated with lower risk of preterm birth (risk ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81-0.97), very preterm birth (0.58; 0.40-0.86), small for gestational age (0.76; 0.59-0.98), very small for gestational age (0.60; 0.48-0.73), stillbirth (0.49; 0.31-0.78), and neonatal death (0.61; 0.40-0.93), compared with ART not containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. ART containing zidovudine was associated with an increased risk of very preterm birth (1.59; 1.01-2.49), small for gestational age (1.33; 1.03-1.70), very small for gestational age (1.63; 1.25-2.13), stillbirth (2.23; 1.10-4.55), and neonatal death (1.65; 1.08-2.52), compared with ART not containing zidovudine. For ART regimens also containing either lamivudine or emtricitabine, zidovudine was associated with an increased risk of very preterm birth (1.62; 1.04-2.52), small for gestational age (1.52; 1.28-1.82), very small for gestational age (1.68; 1.36-2.06), stillbirth (2.19; 1.03-4.67), and neonatal death (1.65; 1.08-2.52), compared with ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. Abacavir was not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Tenofovir alafenamide was not associated with low birthweight compared with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.

CONCLUSIONS:

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is associated with a lower risk of adverse perinatal outcomes, whereas zidovudine is associated with an increased risk of perinatal outcomes. Abacavir is not associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. Our findings support current WHO guidelines.

News (Medical) associated with Zidovudine

15 Oct 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

WARBURG PINCUS STRENGTHENS ITS EUROPEAN BUSINESS AND GLOBAL HEALTHCARE GROUP WITH TWO NEW SENIOR ADVISERS

Seasoned industry experts will advise Warburg Pincus on new investments and drive value creation across its portfolio companies LONDON and BERLIN, Oct. 15, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Warburg Pincus, a leading global growth investor, today announced the appointment of Dr. Francesco Granata and Dr. Axel Herberg as Senior Advisers working with its European business and global healthcare group. Dr. Granata and Dr. Herberg will support Warburg Pincus in the identification and evaluation of new potential investment opportunities across Europe for its funds, and they bring deep expertise and connectivity within the pharmaceutical, life sciences, medical device and healthcare sectors. The senior adviser appointments follow the recent announcement of Enovo Life Sciences, a new life sciences platform institutionally capitalized by funds advised by Warburg Pincus and led by life sciences industry veterans, Mario Philips and Roel Gordijn. These announcements demonstrate the continued momentum in Warburg Pincus's European business. Jake Strauss, a Managing Director in the global healthcare group, was recently announced as head of the firm's European healthcare efforts and Tobias Weidner, recently joined the firm as a Managing Director leading industrials in Europe. Recent European investments include Aztec, Specialist Risk Group and Epassi. Dr. Herberg brings wide-ranging experience as an operator and investor. He is a member of various supervisory boards and is an active entrepreneur. He joined the Gerresheimer Group in 1992 and developed the company to a leading systems and solutions provider to the pharma and biotech industries and is currently Chairman of the Supervisory Board. Between 2010 and 2017, Dr. Herberg was a Partner at Blackstone, responsible for the private equity business in the German-speaking regions of Europe. Dr Herberg currently sits on the boards of Gerresheimer, Axplora, and Vetter Pharma. Dr. Granata has more than 40 years of experience in the pharmaceuticals and biotechnology industries. He was Executive Vice President and member of the Executive Committee at Biogen Idec; served as Group Vice President at Schering-Plough, and President of Schering-Plough Europe and Canada; and held various senior management positions at Pharmacia, Dompé Biotech, and Pfizer. He currently sits on the Boards of Italfarmaco and GreenBone Ortho. He is General Partner and co-founder of Venture Capital firm 3B Future. Jake Strauss, Managing Director at Warburg Pincus, said, "We are excited to be working with Francesco and Axel. They bring decades of invaluable experience and strong networks across Europe that will further enhance our ability to identify attractive investment opportunities for our funds where we can partner with management teams, entrepreneurs, and families to accelerate growth. Their experience will also be invaluable to our existing portfolio companies in allowing them to navigate the complex macroeconomic and technological drivers of change that are transforming their industries." Dr Axel Herberg said, "I am looking forward to working with the exceptional team at Warburg Pincus. The firm's strong reputation, deep sector expertise and recent growth in Europe, make this an exciting time to work with the European team." Dr Francesco Granata said, "Warburg Pincus has a long history of successfully partnering with founders and management teams and bringing deep expertise to help businesses build long-term sustainable growth. I look forward to working together to identify exciting new businesses and strong management teams driving innovation, technological change and improved patient outcomes across the healthcare sector." Funds advised by Warburg Pincus have been among the leading global growth investors in Europe and were one of the first to invest in Europe in 1983. In Europe, the Warburg Pincus funds have invested more than $14 billion in over 125 companies across more than 20 European countries. Warburg Pincus funds have invested over $18 billion in more than 189 innovative healthcare and life sciences companies around the world, including Bausch + Lomb, Ensemble Healthcare Partners, Global Healthcare Exchange, Modernizing Medicine, and Sotera Health. The firm has also notably been active in the European healthcare market including recent investments by the funds in Polyplus, Simtra BioPharma Solutions, Norstella and the START Center for Cancer Research. About Warburg Pincus Warburg Pincus LLC is a leading global growth investor. The firm has more than $83 billion in assets under management. The firm's active portfolio of more than 225 companies is highly diversified by stage, sector, and geography. Warburg Pincus is an experienced partner to management teams seeking to build durable companies with sustainable value. Since its founding in 1966, Warburg Pincus has invested more than $117 billion in over 1,000 companies globally across its private equity, real estate, and capital solutions strategies. The firm is headquartered in New York with offices in Amsterdam, Beijing, Berlin, Hong Kong, Houston, London, Luxembourg, Mumbai, Mauritius, San Francisco, São Paulo, Shanghai, and Singapore. For more information please visit . Follow us on LinkedIn. Media Contact Jenna Ward, Europe Communications Director M: +44 7570 844 338 E: [email protected] WANT YOUR COMPANY'S NEWS FEATURED ON PRNEWSWIRE.COM? 440k+ Newsrooms & Influencers 9k+ Digital Media Outlets 270k+ Journalists Opted In GET STARTED

Executive Change

08 Aug 2024

·www.drugs.com

Abacavir Use Linked to Increased Incidence of MACE

THURSDAY, Aug. 8, 2024 -- For patients with HIV in the Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) trial, use of abacavir was associated with an increased incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), according to a study presented at AIDS 2024, the 25th International AIDS Conference, held from July 22 to 26 in Munich. Carl J. Fichtenbaum, M.D., from the University of Cincinnati, and colleagues examined the role of prior and current use of antiretroviral agents (ART) on the development of MACE in a trial involving 7,769 participants aged 40 to 75 years on ART for at least 180 days. The median duration of ART use was 9.5 years, with variation by country. The researchers found that 22, 86, 49, and 47 percent of participants reported prior exposure to abacavir, tenofovir (TDF), thymidine analogs (AZT/d4T), and protease inhibitors (PIs), respectively. At study entry, 13, 61, 10, and 26 percent were using abacavir, TDF, AZT/d4T, and PIs, respectively. Entry regimens included two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) plus a non-NRTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor, or PI (47, 25, and 19 percent, respectively). Both former and current use of abacavir was associated with a higher incidence of MACE in adjusted analyses including the baseline regimen. No association was seen for former or current use of other ART agents with MACE. "Former and current use of abacavir was associated with a higher incidence of subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events in the REPRIEVE trial," the authors write. Press Release More Information Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Clinical ResultAHAClinical Study

23 Jul 2024

·www.drugs.com

Exploratory Analysis Associates HIV Drug Abacavir with Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Large Global Trial

July 23, 2024 -- Current or previous use of the antiretroviral drug (ARV) abacavir was associated with an elevated risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in people with HIV, according to an exploratory analysis from a large international clinical trial primarily funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). There was no elevated MACE risk for the other antiretroviral drugs included in the analysis. The findings will be presented at the 2024 International AIDS Conference (AIDS 2024) in Munich, Germany. The Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV (REPRIEVE) enrolled 7,769 study participants with HIV from 12 countries that found daily use of a cholesterol-fighting statin drug reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events, such as heart attacks and strokes by more than one third. The REPRIEVE study team also performed statistical analyses to assess whether select ARVs were associated with MACE risk among study participants, all of whom had low-to-moderate cardiovascular disease risk. The ARVs selected for analysis had previously been linked to cardiovascular risk and included abacavir, tenofovir, zidovudine, stavudine, and drugs from a class called protease inhibitors (PIs). All were taken as part of multi-drug ART regimens. Overall, 22% of study participants reported prior exposure to abacavir, 86% to tenofovir, 49% to zidovudine or stavudine, and 47% to PIs. At study entry, 13% of participants were taking abacavir, 61% were taking tenofovir, 10% were taking zidovudine or stavudine, and 26% were taking PIs. In the investigators’ analyses, participants with prior and current use of abacavir had a 50% and 42% elevated risk of MACE, respectively, compared to participants with no abacavir exposure. Former or current use of other ARVs was not associated with any change in MACE risk, and the co-administration of common ARV drug classes as part of an ART regimen did not impact the elevated MACE risk among participants with current or prior abacavir exposure. According to the authors, these findings align with previous studies that also identified an elevated cardiovascular disease risk associated with abacavir. They suggest that more research is needed to better understand the increased risk observed in this analysis, including how these findings should be considered in the context of known cardiovascular disease risk factors, such as dyslipidemia, diabetes and hypertension, for people with HIV. More information about the REPRIEVE trial is available at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT02344290. CJ Fichtenbaum et al. Abacavir is associated with elevated risk for cardiovascular events in the REPRIEVE trial. International AIDS Conference. Friday, July 26, 2024. Sarah Read, M.D., deputy director, Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH is available to discuss this research. NIAID conducts and supports research—at NIH, throughout the United States, and worldwide—to study the causes of infectious and immune-mediated diseases, and to develop better means of preventing, diagnosing and treating these illnesses. News releases, fact sheets and other NIAID-related materials are available on the NIAID website. About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): NIH, the nation's medical research agency, includes 27 Institutes and Centers and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. NIH is the primary federal agency conducting and supporting basic, clinical, and translational medical research, and is investigating the causes, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and its programs, visit www.nih.gov . Whatever your topic of interest, subscribe to our newsletters to get the best of Drugs.com in your inbox.

Clinical StudyClinical ResultAHA

100 Deals associated with Zidovudine

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00413	Zidovudine	J05AF01	DB00495

R&D Status

Approved

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
HIV Infections	United States	ViiV Healthcare Co.	19 Mar 1987

Developing

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Pregnancy	Phase 3	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
Pregnancy	Phase 3	Puerto Rico	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral	Phase 1	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	Clinical	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome	Clinical	Puerto Rico	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
AIDS Dementia Complex	Clinical	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
AIDS-Related Complex	Clinical	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
AIDS-Related Complex	Clinical	Puerto Rico	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
HIV Seropositivity	Clinical	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001
Kidney Failure, Chronic	Clinical	United States	Glaxo Wellcome SA	31 Aug 2001

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


ASH2023	Not Applicable	Lymphoproliferative Disorders	24	GARD regimen	eueshupjrn(ucruiqlrea) = vnzsqqvzmt eecnxwvozh (sjvwkahdqa, 45.8 - 85.2) View more	-	11 Dec 2023
NCT03988452 (NADIA, Pubmed \| Lancet HIV)	Phase 3	HIV Infections Second line	465	Dolutegravir	zsorbedsgi(xvugmcrmqu) = kudgscjyyt uprhloypka (jprotnfqbu )	Positive	20 Apr 2022
				Ritonavir-boosted darunavir	zsorbedsgi(xvugmcrmqu) = dthytkzhku uprhloypka (jprotnfqbu )
NCT01818258 (IMPAACT P1092, CTgov)	Phase 4	Malnutrition \| HIV Seropositivity	52	Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Severe Malnutrition)	iiymcvzqwm(opthecgtxw) = ahfkermpfw qadthpnqnx (rimefqanwj, sbpfhnmtqj - fjwgcalkhl) View more	-	12 Aug 2021
				Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Lopinavir/Ritonavir (Normal Nutrition/Mild Malnutrition)	iiymcvzqwm(opthecgtxw) = bapdflvgqw qadthpnqnx (rimefqanwj, amlepgdzwf - kjryotvcfz) View more
NCT01386970 (CTgov)	Phase 4	HIV Infections	43	zidovudine+Combivir+lamivudine (HIV-negative)	sfpfdedtyj(tqospzxhrd) = malbqdewnz lhjrppfpfz (oaoyraokav, hfbxjupgeg - reevmydqec) View more	-	16 Mar 2020
				zidovudine+Combivir+lamivudine (HIV-infected)	sfpfdedtyj(tqospzxhrd) = mdqobyhddj lhjrppfpfz (oaoyraokav, qwsiznshml - htfnvlzboc) View more
IAS2020	Not Applicable	Second line	1,017	Tenofovir/3TC	hmqszrwcuk(ofrsdhfcbh) = bhyiwhwecj cuwqsgdxzu (kappjtzrip ) View more	-	01 Jan 2020
				Zidovudine/3TC	hmqszrwcuk(ofrsdhfcbh) = asmcqzqfil cuwqsgdxzu (kappjtzrip ) View more
NCT01964755 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder \| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome \| Epstein-Barr virus associated Hodgkin's Lymphoma ... View more	6	Zidovudine+leucovorin+Doxorubicin+Hydroxyurea+Rituximab+Methotrexate	qflfiuthkw = wmpjmybmja blwmzsifof (cgazbwzevw, ecsqpkydfq - uwprvrzudx) View more	-	23 Sep 2019
NCT00102960 (CHER, CTgov)	Phase 3	HIV Infections	377	Zidovudine+Abacavir sulfate+Didanosine+efavirenz+Lamivudine+Nevirapine+Lopinavir/ritonavir	nhivwwjvos = xdornyubkf znzibmkjwn (pwuhodcafk, jtypigqlka - nnztdpsenn)	-	30 Nov 2018
NCT00993031 (PROMOTE-PIs \| PROMOTE, CTgov)	Phase 3	HIV Infections \| Malaria	389	Zidovudine+Lamivudine+Lopinavir/ritonavir (Group A)	fbzawqftvf = zgwvrnsyyz dtsgjuttnd (lqiltkcxnx, yvehrthsyz - fclgeawvbf) View more	-	02 Dec 2017
				Zidovudine+Efavirenz+Lamivudine (Group B)	fbzawqftvf = ozuhkgaukd dtsgjuttnd (lqiltkcxnx, ayohgjligf - bnwdormiwl) View more
Pubmed	Not Applicable	Heart Defects, Congenital \| Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular	-	Zidovudine-containing regimens	mgpumegbru(zpohhjtlbs) = vgiuzearkk aunjjddcej (ikhjpothea, 0.47 - 0.74) View more	-	01 Feb 2016
				Non-zidovudine regimens	mgpumegbru(zpohhjtlbs) = xuvyasvggd aunjjddcej (ikhjpothea, 0.26 - 0.88) View more
NCT01352715 (A5273 \| SELECT, CTgov)	Phase 3	HIV Infections	515	Lopinavir/ritonavir+raltegravir (Arm A: LPV/r Plus RAL)	dqyqurekes = qpjzkkcrer cwvthtroxo (ygqtclxaoa, apusqzaxcu - wuhxlghinn) View more	-	06 Jan 2016
				Abacavir/lamivudine+Zidovudine+Abacavir+Lamivudine/zidovudine+Abacavir/lamivudine/zidovudine+Emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate+Lamivudine+Lopinavir/ritonavir (Arm B: LPV/r Plus Best Available NRTIs)	dqyqurekes = neyoykoacm cwvthtroxo (ygqtclxaoa, pbzbznslhu - bfuotquoqw) View more

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