Etoposide Phosphate

In the era of precision medicine, accurate disease phenotype prediction for heterogeneous diseases, such as cancer, is emerging due to advanced technologies that link genotypes and phenotypes. However, it is difficult to integrate different types of biological data because they are so varied. In this study, we focused on predicting the traits of a blood cancer called Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) by combining different kinds of biological data. We used a recently developed method called Omics Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to better classify cancer outcomes. The primary advantages of a GAN include its ability to create synthetic data that is nearly indistinguishable from real data, its high flexibility, and its wide range of applications, including multi-omics data analysis. In addition, the GAN was effective at combining two types of biological data. We created synthetic datasets for gene activity and DNA methylation. Our method was more accurate in predicting disease traits than using the original data alone. The experimental results provided evidence that the creation of synthetic data through interacting multi-omics data analysis using GANs improves the overall prediction quality. Furthermore, we identified the top-ranked significant genes through statistical methods and pinpointed potential candidate drug agents through in-silico studies. The proposed drugs, also supported by other independent studies, might play a crucial role in the treatment of AML cancer. The code is available on GitHub; https://github.com/SabrinAfroz/omicsGAN_codes?fbclid=IwAR1-/stuffmlE0hyWgSu2wlXo6dYlKUei3faLdlvpxTOOUPVlmYCloXf4Uk9ejK4I.

E-cigarette-/vape-associated lung injury (EVALI) refers to damage to lung tissue occurring as a result of e-cigarette utilization or via vaping of inhaled nicotine products. Vaping refers to the practice of inhaling an aerosol derived from heating a liquid or gas containing substances such as nicotine, cannabinoids, flavoring, or additives. Battery-operated e-cigarettes or vape pens are the vessels commonly used in this practice. EVALI, first described in the literature in 2019, has a non-specific course, presenting initially with cough and dyspnea. It can progress, however, to interstitial lung disease or result in damage to the lung parenchyma with concomitant inflammation and fibrosis. Imaging findings reflect the development of this inflammation and fibrosis, often visualized as ground-glass opacities on computed tomography (CT) scans. Formal biopsies are not required to make the diagnosis of EVALI, and thus, a gap exists in the scientific literature with regard to the pathology of lungs exposed to non-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) e-cigarettes. The following case details the clinical course of a 62-year-old male who presented to the outpatient pulmonology office with symptomology and exposure history consistent with EVALI, unique in presentation due to the timeline of his disease development. The patient initially presented to the clinic for the evaluation of a non-productive cough and exertional dyspnea beginning one year ago, with an associated new home oxygen requirement of 2 liters via nasal cannula. The patient's past medical history was relevant for diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with the chemotherapeutic regimen that consists of etoposide phosphate, prednisone, vincristine sulfate (Oncovin), cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin hydrochloride (hydroxydaunorubicin), and rituximab, commonly known as EPOCH-R, as well as a social history relevant for a 35-pack-year smoking history. On further questioning, the patient revealed that following cessation of cigarette smoking, he began using non-THC e-cigarettes daily and had been doing so for 10 years prior to symptom onset. Imaging and biopsy findings consisted of a CT of the chest demonstrating concern for interstitial lung disease and an open lung biopsy demonstrating diffuse alveolar damage with eosinophilia. Given the patient's history, clinical symptoms, and imaging findings, a diagnosis of EVALI was established. This case was documented not only to increase awareness of the rising incidence of EVALI as the use of e-cigarettes and vapes becomes increasingly popular but also to further understand the inhalational injury sustained from non-THC e-cigarettes and other inhalational practices.