GPD1 modulators(glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 modulators), PRKAB1 activators(Protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1 activators)

Therapeutic Areas

NeoplasmsEndocrinology and Metabolic DiseaseOther Diseases+ [10]

Active Indication

Differentiated Thyroid Gland CarcinomaDepressive DisorderHIV Infections+ [18]

Inactive Indication

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Ischemic stroke

Originator Organization

Elcelyx Therapeutics, Inc.

Active Organization

Baylor College of Medicine

University of California, Los Angeles

University of Minnesota

+ [9]

Inactive Organization

Anji Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

The Medical University of South Carolina

Elcelyx Therapeutics, Inc.

+ [2]

License Organization

Anji Pharmaceuticals (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.

Emory University

Elcelyx Therapeutics, Inc.

+ [3]

Drug Highest PhasePhase 3

First Approval Date-

Regulation-

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC4H11N5

InChIKeyXZWYZXLIPXDOLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry657-24-9

375

Clinical Trials associated with Metformin

NCT07007221

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

Clinical Trials to Evaluate Metformin to Treat Depression in People Living With HIV

Depression in HIV occurs commonly and causes poor HIV outcomes with public health implications.
Depression prevalence in HIV-infected persons is estimated at 26% compared to 5% in the general population. Adherence to antiretroviral medication is a life-saving treatment in HIV, but depression can reduce engagement in care and adherence to medication. Depression is also associated with poorer levels of viral suppression and even mortality. Overall, those with depression and HIV are less likely to return to health and remain more likely to transmit the virus. therefore, treatment of HIV is essential to prevention; lower engagement in and adherence to HIV treatment due to depression puts others at risk. This is a 3 part trial, an initial pilot, a placebo controlled pilot, and a full trial.
Part 1. Dose response, Tolerability/Acceptability of Metformin for Depression in people with HIV: To do Initial assessment of metformin for depression in people with HIV we will perform a randomized, double blind, 2-arm, 12 week randomized controlled trial to assess feasibility and acceptability of metformin for depression. We will test two doses of metformin 1000 mg daily versus 1500 mg daily.
Part 2. Preliminary Efficacy Trial of Metformin for Depression in People with HIV: This will be a two-arm, double-blind trial of metformin versus placebo in people with HIV and depression. We will randomize individuals 1:1 to metformin or placebo. Will then collect blood and rectal swabs for preliminary assessments of the mechanism of action for metformin in people with HIV and depression.
Part 3. Full efficacy factorial trial of metformin for depression and comparison/interaction with fluoxetine in people living with HIV: To assess metformin and fluoxetine as efficacious treatments for depression in people with HIV, we will conduct a 4-arm, 12-week, mechanistic, double-blinded, randomized controlled treatment trial (RCT) with an assessment of inflammation and the gut microbiome. Participants (n=400) will be HIV- positive patients on ART with comorbid depression receiving care at one of two Ugandan clinics. In addition, we will use the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) of Acute Threat and loss under Negative Valence using biomarkers and self-reported tools.

Start Date01 Jul 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

University of Minnesota

NCT07226453

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 2IIT

A Target Validation and Efficacy Study of Metformin in Patients With Recurrent or Progressive Posterior Fossa Group A (PFA) Ependymoma

This is a multi-site study of the pharmacodynamic effects and efficacy of metformin in children and young adults with recurrent or progressive Posterior Fossa Group A (PFA) ependymoma.

Start Date28 Feb 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

The University of California, San Francisco

ChiCTR2500115457

/ Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study on the Effects of High Dietary Fiber Meal Replacement on Blood Glucose and Metabolic Improvements in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients with Obesity

Start Date01 Jan 2026

Sponsor / Collaborator

Peking Union Medical College Hospital

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Metformin

100 Translational Medicine associated with Metformin

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Metformin

32,541

Literatures (Medical) associated with Metformin

31 Dec 2026·ANNALS OF MEDICINE

The ketogenic diet is not for everyone: contraindications, side effects, and drug interactions

Review

Author: Łojko, Dorota ; Rodzeń, Łukasz ; Ede, Georgia ; Rodzeń, Mateusz ; Sethi, Shebani ; Karakuła-Juchnowicz, Hanna ; Unwin, David ; Grzywacz, Żaneta ; Antosik, Katarzyna ; Dyńka, Damian

BACKGROUND:

The ketogenic diet (KD), initially developed for the treatment of neurological disorders, has gained increasing attention for its potential role in the management of various metabolic diseases. Alongside its expanding clinical use, concerns have emerged regarding its safety, tolerability, and suitability in specific patient populations. This review summarises key contraindications, clinical situations requiring caution, relevant drug interactions, and commonly reported adverse effects associated with KD.

DISCUSSION:

Rare absolute contraindications include selected inborn errors of metabolism affecting pyruvate carboxylase activity, carnitine transport or utilisation, fatty acid oxidation pathways, as well as porphyria. Relative contraindications encompass acute pancreatitis, advanced hepatic or renal disease, familial hypercholesterolaemia, and other conditions that may be aggravated by KD-induced metabolic changes, including concomitant use of propofol. Particular caution is warranted in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes receiving specific glucose-lowering therapies, pharmacologically treated hypertension, gallbladder disease or prior cholecystectomy, electrolyte disturbances, cardiac arrhythmias, pregnancy or lactation, underweight status, intense physical activity, significant psychosocial stress, or postoperative recovery.Clinically relevant interactions with medications are reviewed, including sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, insulin and sulphonylurea derivatives, antiepileptic drugs, diuretics, lipophilic drugs, and corticosteroids. The most frequently reported adverse effects range from transient "keto flu" symptoms (fatigue, headache, nausea) to gastrointestinal disturbances, polyuria, and hypoglycaemia.

CONCLUSIONS:

KD demonstrates therapeutic potential in the management of a broad range of metabolic and neurological diseases; however, it is not an intervention suitable for all clinical situations. Awareness of existing contraindications, conditions requiring particular caution, and potential drug interactions enables a more responsible, individualised, and safe approach to patient selection and clinical management. In this context, the present paper provides a concise yet comprehensive synthesis to support clinicians and researchers in the rational and effective application of the ketogenic diet in both clinical practice and scientific research.

31 Dec 2026·JOURNAL OF ENZYME INHIBITION AND MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Investigation of exercise-mimetic bioactive molecules as modulators of MMP activity and expression in cancer cells

Article

Author: Vo, Ha Vy Thi ; Kim, Song Ja ; Lee, Hyuck Jin ; Kim, Namdoo ; Park, Jae Sung ; Patton, Geewoo Nam

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly MMP-2 and MMP-9, are directly involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix preceding uncontrolled cancer growth and metastasis. For these reasons, MMPs are considered key therapeutic targets in the development of cancer treatments. Acknowledged for its prophylactic effects against various diseases including cancer, physical exercise has been reported to boost the immune system, enhance endogenous defence mechanisms, manage oxidative stress, and regulate MMP. Despite its benefits, patients with compromised capacity for physical activity due to injuries and frailty are often unable to take advantage of them. As a possible solution for this problem, the alternative therapeutic approach of exercise mimetics has been gaining traction through pharmacological interventions. Exercise mimetics are pharmacological agents that partially mimic the molecular and physiological benefits of physical exercise without requiring actual physical activity. Recent studies have indicated that the potential of these compounds may serve as candidates for further investigation in cancer treatment. In this study, the possible anti-cancer and anti-metastatic-related effects of six selected exercise mimetics (i.e., AICAR, Icariin, Berberine, Betaine, GW501516, and Metformin) were investigated by targeting activity and/or expression of MMP-2/9 in in vitro model. These compounds (i) inhibited MMP-2 activity by interacting with the active site and/or allosteric sites, (ii) downregulated MMP-2/9 expression by influencing STAT3 signalling pathways, and (iii) reduced lung cancer cells (A549) viability to varying degrees. Among the exercise mimetics, Icariin and Berberine have relatively stronger effects on both the activity of MMP-2 and the expression of MMP-2/9 in cancer cells. These findings highlight the novel potential of exercise mimetics as targeted cancer therapeutics through the regulation of MMP activity and expression in cancer progression and metastasis.

01 Dec 2026·MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS

Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of ferroptosis in Diabetic-Associated Cognitive Dysfunction: focus on the crosstalk with apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis

Review

Author: Jiang, Yayi ; Zhou, Jianlong ; Yue, Rensong ; Shi, Wenxiang

Diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction (DACD), a serious central nervous system complication of diabetes mellitus, poses a heavy global burden due to its intricate pathogenesis and lack of effective therapies. Mounting evidence identifies programmed cell death (PCD) as a pivotal driver of DACD progression. This review systematically elaborates on the molecular mechanisms of various PCD modalities (including apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis) in DACD, with a particular focus on the role of ferroptosis as a core pathogenic mechanism. Hyperglycemia disrupts cerebral iron homeostasis, induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, leading to inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity and accumulation of lipid peroxides. This cascade ultimately triggers ferroptosis in neurons, glial cells, and the blood-brain barrier, resulting in impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive decline. Furthermore, the review delineates the complex interactive regulatory network between ferroptosis and other PCD forms (e.g., autophagy, pyroptosis), which can converge into the coordinated cell death program of PANoptosis. Intervention strategies targeting ferroptosis, such as iron chelators (deferoxamine), antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine), GPX4 activators, natural products (resveratrol, curcumin), repurposed traditional medicines (liraglutide, metformin), and non-pharmaceutical interventions (exercise, electroacupuncture), have demonstrated significant potential in improving cognitive function in preclinical models. This review aims to provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of DACD and establish a theoretical foundation for developing precise therapeutic strategies centered on targeting ferroptosis.

147

News (Medical) associated with Metformin

02 Feb 2026

·www.drugs.com

CagriSema Demonstrated Superior HbA1c Reduction of 1.91%-Points and Weight Loss of 14.2% in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in the REIMAGINE 2 Trial

Bagsværd, Denmark, 2 February 2026 – Novo Nordisk today announced headline results from REIMAGINE 2, a phase 3 trial from the global REIMAGINE clinical trial programme. CagriSema demonstrated both superior HbA 1c reduction and weight loss at week 68 versus semaglutide, across all tested doses in the trial. CagriSema achieved superior weight loss of up to 14.2%, where up to 43% of the people achieved ≥15% weight loss and up to 24% achieved ≥20% weight loss 1 . CagriSema achieved superior HbA 1c reduction of up to 1.91%-points 1 from a mean HbA 1c baseline of 8.2%. Superiority was established on both weight loss and HbA 1c versus the individual components. In the trial, CagriSema appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile consistent with incretin and amylin-based therapies. REIMAGINE 2 was a 68-week efficacy and safety trial investigating once-weekly subcutaneous CagriSema (a fixed dose combination of the amylin receptor agonist, cagrilintide, and the GLP-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide) in two different doses (2.4 mg/2.4 mg and 1.0 mg/1.0 mg) compared to two different doses of semaglutide (2.4 mg and 1.0 mg), cagrilintide (2.4 mg), and placebo. The trial included 2,728 people with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor. Approximately 40% of all people were using an SGLT2 inhibitor before initiating the trial. When evaluating the effects of treatment, if all people adhered to treatment 1 , and from a mean HbA 1c baseline of 8.2%, people treated with CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg achieved superior HbA 1c reduction of 1.91%-points after 68 weeks compared to 1.76%-points with semaglutide 2.4 mg. From a mean baseline body weight of 101 kg, people treated with CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg achieved superior weight loss of 14.2% after 68 weeks compared to 10.2% with semaglutide 2.4 mg. No weight loss plateau was observed at week 68 for CagriSema. With CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg, 43% of the people achieved ≥15% weight loss and 24% achieved ≥20% weight loss. Efficacy estimand results From week 0 to 68 HbA 1c reduction Weight loss CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg -1.91%-points a -14.2% a Semaglutide 2.4 mg -1.76%-points -10.2% Placebo +0.09%-points -1.5% a Statistically significant compared to semaglutide (2.4 mg), estimated mean. When applying the treatment-regimen estimand 2 , people treated with CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg achieved superior HbA 1c reduction of 1.80%-points after 68 weeks compared to 1.68%-points with semaglutide 2.4 mg. In addition, people treated with CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg achieved superior weight loss of 12.9% after 68 weeks compared to 9.2% with semaglutide 2.4 mg. In the trial, CagriSema appeared to have a safe and well-tolerated profile. The most common adverse events with CagriSema were gastrointestinal, and the vast majority were mild to moderate and diminished over time, consistent with incretin and amylin-based therapies. “We are very pleased by the clinical profile of CagriSema in type 2 diabetes patients, including a confirmation of the very strong weight loss data seen with CagriSema in the obesity trials”, said Martin Holst Lange, executive vice president, chief scientific officer and head of Research and Development at Novo Nordisk. “By combining semaglutide and cagrilintide, we're seeing superior outcomes in both blood glucose control and weight reduction beyond those achieved with each therapy individually. The results strengthen our belief that CagriSema could be the first amylin-based combination therapy and a promising treatment option for individuals with type 2 diabetes, who also has a focus on weight loss.” Following the results of REIMAGINE 1 and REDEFINE 3, Novo Nordisk will approach authorities to discuss the regulatory pathway for CagriSema in type 2 diabetes. The detailed results from REIMAGINE 2 will be presented at a scientific conference in 2026. CagriSema for weight management was submitted to the US FDA in December 2025 based on the REDEFINE 1 and REDEFINE 2 pivotal trials. About CagriSema Once-weekly subcutaneous CagriSema is being investigated by Novo Nordisk as a treatment for adults with overweight or obesity (REDEFINE programme) and as a treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes (REIMAGINE programme). CagriSema is a fixed-dose combination of a long-acting amylin receptor agonist, cagrilintide, and a long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist, semaglutide. About the REIMAGINE programme REIMAGINE is a phase 3 clinical development programme with once-weekly subcutaneous CagriSema in type 2 diabetes. The global clinical trial programme consists of several phase 3 trials. REIMAGINE 1 – a 40-week efficacy and safety phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg and CagriSema 1.0 mg/1.0 mg versus placebo in 180 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on diet and exercise. REIMAGINE 2 – a 68-week efficacy and safety phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg versus semaglutide 2.4 mg, cagrilintide 2.4 mg, and placebo, and CagriSema 1.0 mg/1.0 mg versus semaglutide 1.0 mg and placebo in 2,728 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor. REIMAGINE 3 – a 40-week efficacy and safety phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg and CagriSema 1.0 mg/1.0 mg versus placebo in 270 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with basal insulin with or without metformin. REIMAGINE 4 – a 68-week efficacy and safety phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg versus once-weekly tirzepatide 15 mg in 1,000 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without an SGLT2 inhibitor. REIMAGINE 5 – a 68-week efficacy and safety phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 1.0 mg/1.0 mg versus once-weekly tirzepatide 5 mg in 1,000 adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin, an SGLT2 inhibitor or both. REDEFINE 3 – an event-driven and long-term safety and efficacy cardiovascular outcomes phase 3 trial of once-weekly CagriSema 2.4 mg/2.4 mg versus placebo in 7,000 adults with established cardiovascular disease and overweight or obesity, with or without type 2 diabetes. About Novo Nordisk Novo Nordisk is a leading global healthcare company founded in 1923 and headquartered in Denmark. Our purpose is to drive change to defeat serious chronic diseases built upon our heritage in diabetes. We do so by pioneering scientific breakthroughs, expanding access to our medicines and working to prevent and ultimately cure disease. Novo Nordisk employs about 78,500 people in 80 countries and markets its products in around 170 countries. Novo Nordisk's B shares are listed on Nasdaq Copenhagen (Novo-B). Its ADRs are listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NVO). For more information, visit novonordisk.com , Facebook , Instagram , X , LinkedIn and YouTube . 1 Based on the efficacy estimand according to the trial protocol, regardless of dose modification 2 Based on the treatment-regimen estimand: treatment effect regardless of treatment adherence

Clinical ResultPhase 3

08 Jan 2026

·www.sciencedaily.com

Long COVID may be fueled by inflammation and tiny clots

Long COVID affects an estimated 65 million people worldwide and can damage the brain, heart, blood vessels, and immune system long after infection. Researchers now link symptoms to lingering virus, inflammation, micro-clots, and disrupted energy metabolism. While structured rehab and pacing can improve quality of life, a growing list of experimental treatments—from antivirals and metformin to microbiome therapies and biologics—shows early promise. Clear answers, however, are still limited by small studies and the lack of large, definitive trials.Long COVID is defined as symptoms that last at least two months after an initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with no other clear medical explanation. An estimated 65 million people worldwide are now affected, yet there are still no approved, evidence-based treatments. Researchers are working to better understand what drives the condition and to test a wide range of possible therapies, from structured rehabilitation programs to antivirals, blood thinners, anti-inflammatory drugs, supplements, and new biologic treatments. Scientists believe long COVID is fueled by several overlapping biological problems. These include lingering virus in the body, ongoing low-level inflammation marked by elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and the formation of tiny blood clots caused by interactions between the viral spike protein and fibrinogen. Other contributing factors include auto-immunity, disruptions in gut bacteria, and impaired mitochondrial function. Together, these processes can damage multiple organs, leading to blood vessel dysfunction, heart inflammation, neuro-inflammation, small-fiber neuropathy, ME/CFS-like fatigue, menstrual changes, problems with blood sugar regulation, and kidney or liver injury. Rehabilitation and Non-Drug Approaches For people with mild symptoms in the early stages, non-drug treatments remain the first option. Clinical trials show that online, group-based physical and mental rehabilitation programs can improve quality of life. Breathing exercises and inspiratory-muscle training have also been shown to boost heart and lung fitness. Additional strategies may include pacing daily activities, cognitive and speech therapy, smell retraining, and dietary counseling. However, exercise that is not carefully supervised can worsen inflammation. For this reason, activity programs need to be gradual and adjusted based on symptoms. Antivirals and Early Treatment Effects Antiviral drugs taken during the initial COVID-19 infection appear to slightly reduce the risk of developing long COVID. In Japan, ensitrelvir lowered long-COVID rates by 25% among out-patients. In high-risk individuals, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and molnupiravir were linked to about a 25% reduction in risk, while favipiravir showed little benefit. Researchers are also studying monoclonal antibodies that target the spike protein for possible effects on neuro-toxicity, although phase-3 trial results are not yet available. Medications Targeting Specific Symptoms Some treatments focus on particular complications such as clotting, autonomic nervous system problems, and immune imbalance. Low-dose naltrexone has been shown to reduce fatigue and lower platelet aggregation. Apheresis can remove micro-clots and auto-antibodies from the blood, but it is expensive and its benefits tend to be short-lived. Other medications are being tested for symptom relief. β-blockers are used to treat postural-tachycardia syndrome. Famotidine, intravenous immunoglobulin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 agonists are under investigation for neurological, immune-related, heart, and kidney symptoms. Targeting Inflammation at Its Source Reducing inflammation early appears to be one of the most active areas of research. When started within seven days of infection, metformin lowered the risk of long COVID by 41%, likely by reducing mTOR signaling. Plant-based supplements containing quercetin, curcumin, and piperine improved fatigue compared with placebo. Other approaches include sulphur-thermal-water inhalation and enzymatically liberated salmon oil, both of which lowered CRP levels and helped restore the lung's protective barrier. Baricitinib and rapamycin, which act on JAK and mTOR pathways, are now entering multi-centre trials aimed at interrupting widespread STAT3-driven inflammation. Gut Health, Supplements, and Energy Metabolism Adjusting the gut microbiome may also help. The synbiotic SIM01 eased overall symptoms after six months. Small randomized trials suggest that high doses of vitamins C and D, coenzyme Q10, magnesium, and creatine-glucose blends can improve cellular energy production and blood vessel function. Early-stage studies also report benefits from N-acetyl-cysteine and the amino-acid blend AXA1125, both of which improved mitochondrial respiration and reduced fatigue. Experimental Biologics and Emerging Therapies New biologic treatments are exploring the role of fibrin-driven neuro-inflammation. A humanized antibody that blocks the inflammatory region of fibrinogen is currently in phase-1 trials after animal studies showed protection against neuronal loss. Another experimental therapy, the DNA aptamer BC007, removes G-protein-coupled-receptor auto-antibodies and reversed fatigue and poor capillary blood flow in a single patient, though larger trials are still needed. Other non-drug approaches have shown potential. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved cognition, sleep, and pain in a six-month randomized trial. Case series of acupuncture reported reductions in brain-fog and joint pain. Vaccines and Long COVID Outcomes Vaccination provides limited protection against long COVID after breakthrough infections, lowering risk by about 15 to 41%. Among people who already had long COVID symptoms, outcomes after a booster were mixed. About 17% improved, 21% worsened, and 62% saw no change. Where the Science Stands Now Although many potential treatments are showing early promise, most evidence still comes from small or open-label studies that rely on indirect outcome measures. Large, adaptive randomized trials with consistent definitions and biomarker-based patient grouping are urgently needed. Until clearer answers emerge, experts support a flexible, team-based approach that includes early antiviral use, carefully graded exercise, targeted anti-thrombotic and anti-inflammatory treatments, gut microbiome support, and personalized rehabilitation. This strategy reflects the diverse, multi-system nature of long COVID while researchers continue searching for definitive, mechanism-based cures.

Clinical ResultPhase 1Phase 3AHA

21 Dec 2025

·pharma.economictimes.indiatimes.com

Himachal: Companies whose medicine samples failed asked to recall stock

Shimla, Notices have been issued to companies whose medicine samples failed quality tests, and they have been instructed to recall their stock from the market, according to Himachal Pradesh State Drug Controller Manish Kapoor. Out of 200 medicine samples tested nationwide, 47 were manufactured in the state. These include medications for fever, heart attacks, and diabetes. The failed samples originated from various districts: 28 from Solan, 18 from Sirmaur, and one from Una. Notices have been issued to the respective companies, officials said on Saturday. In November 2025, the Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO) collected 65 samples, while the State Drug Controller collected 135 samples. Of these, 47 samples were identified as substandard. "Notices have been issued to the companies whose medicine samples failed the quality tests. They have also been asked to recall the stock from the market," Kapoor said. Explanations have been sought, and actions will be taken against the companies in accordance with regulations, he informed media personnel in Solan. The samples of medicines which failed the quality tests include Paracetamol for fever, Clopidogrel and Aspirin for heart attacks, Metformin for lowering blood sugar, Ramipril for heart conditions, Sodium Valproate for epilepsy, and Mebeverine Hydrochloride for reducing muscle spasms, along with several other medicines deemed substandard. There has been a consistent trend of medicine samples manufactured in the state failing quality tests. Health Minister Dhani Ram Shandil had earlier announced that companies with recurring failures would be blacklisted, and that the government has been taking action in that regard. Additionally, a monthly alert issued by the central drug regulator in March 2025 noted that 38 drug samples produced by various pharmaceutical companies in the state did not meet quality parameters.

100 Deals associated with Metformin

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
-	Metformin	A10BA02	DB00331

R&D Status

10 top R&D records.

to view more data

Indication	Highest Phase	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Differentiated Thyroid Gland Carcinoma	Phase 3	Poland	Medical Research Agency	01 Nov 2022
Ischemic stroke	Phase 3	United States	The Medical University of South Carolina	01 Oct 2008
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	Phase 3	United States	National Institute of Diabetes & Digestive & Kidney Diseases	01 May 2004
Depressive Disorder	Phase 2	-	University of Minnesota	01 Jul 2026
HIV Infections	Phase 2	-	University of Minnesota	01 Jul 2026
Ependymoma	Phase 2	United States	The University of California, San Francisco	28 Feb 2026
Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance	Phase 2	United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.	27 Apr 2021
Plasma Cell Leukemia	Phase 2	United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.	27 Apr 2021
Smoldering Multiple Myeloma	Phase 2	United States	Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Inc.	27 Apr 2021
COVID-19	Clinical	United States	University of Minnesota	18 Aug 2022

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03076281 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Lymphoid Interstitial Pneumonia \| Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck \| Laryngeal Diseases	7	Metformin Hydrochloride (Arm A (Metformin Hydrochloride))	wfgwaecuxc(jksgwbqbsw) = vkllurerfi taikiwikvz (vmotbswsea, qgxnslgfvt - vefrnamjyk) View more	-	29 Jan 2026
				Doxycycline (Arm B (Doxycycline))	wfgwaecuxc(jksgwbqbsw) = uktosoqiod taikiwikvz (vmotbswsea, yrlrescicv - ndiaztesgj) View more
NCT02946996 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Prostatic Cancer \| Metastatic Prostate Carcinoma \| Adenocarcinoma of prostate	41	Metformin (Metformin Only)	hwnremdebx(wconnplotv) = vkdtkfjtyg nmdvdnqwbx (thzjncqcfd, ohnpspgvym - urrppznlkr) View more	-	03 Feb 2025
				OPC (OPC Only)	hwnremdebx(wconnplotv) = fqawcirsto nmdvdnqwbx (thzjncqcfd, osxsclseuz - mptrdrymuj) View more
Corporate Publications Manual	Phase 3	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	-	恒格列净+二甲双胍 (恒格列净5 mg联合组)	uaqvdqfesl(onuxjryibi) = karotkdxlq sqifpczvtx (fbsnldkunf ) View more	Positive	08 Jan 2024
				恒格列净+二甲双胍 (恒格列净10 mg联合组)	uaqvdqfesl(onuxjryibi) = zmlebwhfle sqifpczvtx (fbsnldkunf ) View more
NCT04899349 (EPIK-B4, CTgov)	Phase 2	Advanced breast cancer	2	Fulvestrant+Alpelisib+Dapagliflozin+Metformin XR+Dapagliflozin + metformin XR (Alpelisib + Fulvestrant + Dapagliflozin + Metformin XR)	zkklopjqxh = ezjdsadlmv uyywaxrxkm (ouhazbazkv, pdsojsucuy - zvxwdybebh) View more	-	12 Dec 2023
				Fulvestrant+Alpelisib+Metformin XR (Alpelisib + Fulvestrant + Metformin XR)	bnypvbnapm = rbiqxgoieg rfjkwkkhaa (ropxnzpaci, kujndkziyz - iwqvkcntra) View more
FDA Manual	Not Applicable	Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2	1,091	Placebo	qiimabzsfe(qicfdrpvdp) = czdqlnatru mpfvheuqjg (xwpqvggcfi ) View more	Positive	03 Nov 2023
				Sitagliptin 100 mg	qiimabzsfe(qicfdrpvdp) = sgfbvjawod mpfvheuqjg (xwpqvggcfi ) View more
JPRN-UMIN000028405 (ESMO 12023 \| ESMO 22023) Manual	Phase 1	Solid tumor	41	Metformin+nivolumab	zepkvcfmml(sgtvzzehaf) = ebdzhtgxcy kveiqfykzj (sqggxcrtcq ) View more	Positive	23 Oct 2023
NCT01968317 (CTgov)	Phase 2	Endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia \| uterus adenocarcinoma	150	Megestrol acetat+metformin (Megestrol Acetate and Metformin)	vhqwpfkaxb = vadsopjosc migniguzdq (zqgftymcel, nwpgsvpgij - aghsptxoee) View more	-	13 Sep 2021
				megestrol acetate (Megestrol Acetate)	vhqwpfkaxb = aryvndodag migniguzdq (zqgftymcel, bvzsvurwsp - aufyiqubwo) View more
CTRI/2018/07/014865 (P-24, ESMO_GI2021)	Phase 1	Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma	40	Sorafenib 800mg	vvehjekoyo(eibdxintwm) = bfoznmiqka zpgzdhtdre (czchqxcsip ) View more	Positive	03 Jul 2021
				Sorafenib 600mg	pzxdusbrsg(ksrwyizuwi) = ljfwjiekge vyrxbvfdsc (kaexibwwxr, 1 - 11)
NCT02496741 (Pubmed \| Cancers (Basel)) Manual	Phase 1/2	IDH1 positive Solid Tumors IDH1 Mutation	12	Metformin+Chloroquine	tmmfbdivuo(ucgriapmoq) = dyrkspstim fsgazdqzff (ywildlwebi ) View more	Negative	19 May 2021
NCT03981861 (CTgov)	Phase 2/3	Polycystic Ovary Syndrome	12	Spironolactone+Metformin	hwxeehovux(swghifswsp) = dqtmnlexrh azruvxwxkj (wioaroaajc, 2.9) View more	-	23 Feb 2021

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Synapse data is also accessible to external entities via APIs or data packages. Empower better decisions with the latest in pharmaceutical intelligence.

Bio

Bio Sequences Search & Analysis

Chemical

Chemical Structures Search & Analysis