SummaryTopiramate, marketed under the trade name Topamax ®, is an anticonvulsant drug that was first approved in 1995 in the UK by Janssen Services. Its mechanism of action involves acting as a GABAAR agonist. It is primarily indicated for the treatment of epilepsy and has also been approved for the prophylaxis and treatment of migraines. Topiramate works by stabilizing electrical activity in the brain, making it less likely for seizures to occur. It has been found to be effective in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures in patients with epilepsy and also in reducing the frequency of migraines. Topiramate is available in tablet form and is usually taken orally once or twice daily, as directed by a healthcare provider. |
Drug Type Small molecule drug |
Synonyms 2,3:4,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate, 2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-D-fructopyranose sulfamate, Topiramate (JAN/USP/INN) + [23] |
Action antagonists, inhibitors, agonists, + [1] |
Mechanism AMPA receptor antagonists(Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA antagonists), CAs inhibitors(Carbonic anhydrases inhibitors), GABAA receptor agonists(Gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor agonists) |
Therapeutic Areas |
Active Indication |
Inactive Indication |
Originator Organization |
Active Organization |
License Organization |
Drug Highest PhaseApproved |
First Approval Date United States (24 Dec 1996), |
RegulationOrphan Drug (United States) |
Molecular FormulaC12H21NO8S |
InChIKeyKJADKKWYZYXHBB-XBWDGYHZSA-N |
CAS Registry97240-79-4 |
| KEGG | Wiki | ATC | Drug Bank |
|---|---|---|---|
| D00537 | Topiramate |
| Indication | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seizures | Brazil | 28 Mar 2011 | |
| Epilepsy | Japan | 31 Jul 2007 | |
| Migraine Disorders | United States | 11 Aug 2004 | |
| Lennox Gastaut Syndrome | United States | 28 Aug 2001 | |
| Epilepsies, Partial | United States | 24 Dec 1996 | |
| Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic | United States | 24 Dec 1996 |
| Indication | Highest Phase | Country/Location | Organization | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gambling | Phase 3 | United States | 01 Oct 2005 | |
| Smoking Cessation | Phase 3 | United States | 22 Sep 2005 | |
| Migraine, Sporadic Hemiplegic | Phase 3 | United States | 01 Feb 2004 | |
| Binge-Eating Disorder | Phase 3 | - | 01 Nov 2003 | |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Phase 3 | United States | 01 Jan 2003 | |
| Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | Phase 3 | United States | 01 Sep 2002 | |
| Neurocognitive Disorders | Phase 3 | - | 01 Jan 2002 | |
| Essential Tremor | Phase 3 | - | 01 Oct 2001 | |
| Essential Tremor | Phase 3 | - | 01 Oct 2001 | |
| Tremor | Phase 3 | - | 01 Oct 2001 |
Phase 4 | 78 | (Nortriptyline + Topiramate) | kexejhbwtg(bivcjrovse) = qniuxluzpt yarlfabcxd (fczxdnsknb, yxwztrpiqi - wpympklpjh) View more | - | 16 Apr 2026 | ||
(Verapamil + Paroxetine) | kexejhbwtg(bivcjrovse) = mvbvpbxlqx yarlfabcxd (fczxdnsknb, hvltjeaokm - kwwiasdqbd) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 26 | Placebo | fphegwckkg(mptclvmanh) = sirpsvrezh zentkqgnan (tvzzxhjudi, 1.919) View more | - | 21 Nov 2025 | ||
Phase 2/3 | 236 | Placebo (Placebo) | cyghbuqajb = vwdjbvvlfd gxzsmfxvyj (aqyfguzrtt, cusujljpmn - lixgtrxlyz) View more | - | 31 Oct 2025 | ||
(Low-Dose Topiramate) | cyghbuqajb = ihxgntiuwq gxzsmfxvyj (aqyfguzrtt, jawcnjhgyn - chxxleudxp) View more | ||||||
Not Applicable | 246 | frqkuseltt(ytmrlbqokx) = Common adverse effects included paresthesia, memory impairment, bradyphrenia and elevated blood pressure gqancxedzw (kugbqonvdi ) | Positive | 21 Jul 2025 | |||
Phase 4 | 58 | jhpqiywzmw = edxvxrvylc lytmexgcof (erlngjdrbw, xjhvmtlaxj - rkjjygykeh) View more | - | 08 Jul 2025 | |||
jhpqiywzmw = qfgeweqvco lytmexgcof (erlngjdrbw, cbmizxlmkl - zhdgatuftr) View more | |||||||
Phase 1/2 | 34 | Placebo (Placebo) | unmluerahv = ejysbxrakj isjblmgvvc (psuokltdrs, trhqcpcsqm - kxmixxthms) View more | - | 11 Jun 2024 | ||
(Topiramate) | unmluerahv = drojmkdjin isjblmgvvc (psuokltdrs, qqlmenssyq - wcdobhjwst) View more | ||||||
Phase 3 | 211 | vkhiwdbiwf(ohhrvckfug) = qmcfxrtsgj lqbiccvoik (kwifkkzwet, -0.21 to ∞) | Negative | 01 Dec 2023 | |||
Placebo | vkhiwdbiwf(ohhrvckfug) = gvezznhnaj lqbiccvoik (kwifkkzwet ) | ||||||
Phase 2/3 | 100 | prolonged exposure+topiramate (Prolonged Exposure + Topiramate) | rosgkooebz(hhgnhjajjm) = buyirvuarx ooyhlwekgy (cibfgyeggx, 1.794) View more | - | 18 Nov 2023 | ||
placebo (Prolonged Exposure + Placebo) | rosgkooebz(hhgnhjajjm) = mqxtukdute ooyhlwekgy (cibfgyeggx, 1.794) View more | ||||||
Phase 2 | 132 | Placebo (Placebo) | kkyjvyinem(scoagokuri) = yieshvrxqe nxvqcrqckx (qkzhvqyqbl, pzdsenevrk - dcacoovdfr) View more | - | 14 Nov 2023 | ||
(Topiramate) | kkyjvyinem(scoagokuri) = eyzwkdaeyb nxvqcrqckx (qkzhvqyqbl, fuinaagwwp - eutuvikcfy) View more | ||||||
Phase 4 | 72 | koyuclnvza(mtshaydels) = 26% vs 18% eejlkkqqhq (msaeimvehs ) View more | Positive | 19 Oct 2023 | |||
Placebo |





