Medicines that inhibit COX can alleviate inflammation and pain symptoms. Medications that inhibit Cyclooxygenase activity, such as aspirin, have been available to the public for around 100 years.

PD-1, or programmed cell death protein 1, is a crucial immune checkpoint receptor found on the surface of certain immune cells in the human body.

The surface of the influenza virus is distributed with three important proteins, namely, hemagglutinin (HA), neuraminidase (NA), and matrix protein (M2), each playing an important role in the transmission cycle of the influenza virus.

NF-κB is present in almost all animal cells and is a key transcription factor in various biological processes in the human body.

The N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor is a type of ionotropic glutamate receptor that plays a crucial role in excitatory synaptic transmission, plasticity, and excitotoxicity in the central nervous system, closely related to the body's memory, learning, and emotions.

p53 inhibitors interfere with the normal function of the p53 protein and are primarily used as research tools to study the biological effects of p53 inactivation.

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a type of basic region-leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors, encoded by the NFE2L2 gene.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is an essential enzyme in the human body that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes.

The NMDA receptor (N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor) is a subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptor, with a complex molecular structure and unique pharmacological properties.

Neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonists are used for prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial enzyme that plays a central role in regulating energy balance within the human body.

AChE is responsible for breaking down the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is involved in various physiological processes such as muscle contraction, cognition, and memory.