Levofloxacin

TUESDAY, Dec. 30, 2025 — Planning some international travel as one of your New Year’s resolutions? Then be forewarned: Traveler’s diarrhea is becoming harder to treat. The antibiotics typically used to treat traveler’s diarrhea are becoming less effective, researchers recently reported in JAMA Network Open . Specifically, the bacteria that cause the illness are showing increased resistance against two major classes of antibiotics, fluoroquinolones and macrolides, researchers found. Antibiotic resistance also varies from region to region, depending on the bacteria in question, researchers said. “These findings suggest that there are wide geographic differences in antibiotic nonsusceptibility patterns in travelers’ diarrhea,” wrote the research team led by Dr. Bhawana Amatya , an infectious disease specialist at CIWEC Hospital and Travel Medicine Center in Kathmandu, Nepal. For the new study, researchers tested antibiotic effectiveness against the four major strains of bacteria that cause traveler’s diarrhea: Campylobacter , Salmonella , Shigella and E. Coli . Fluoroquinolone antibiotics include ciprofloxacin, delafloxacin and levofloxacin, according to Drugs.com. Macrolides include azithromycin and erythromycin. The research team studied 859 cases of traveler’s diarrhea that were treated between April 2015 and December 2022 at 58 tropical medicine centers around the world. Results showed that: 75% of Campylobacter samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 12% were resistant to macrolides. 75% of Campylobacter samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 12% were resistant to macrolides. 32% of Salmonella samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 16% were resistant to macrolides. 32% of Salmonella samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 16% were resistant to macrolides. 22% of Shigella samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 35% were resistant to macrolides. 22% of Shigella samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones and 35% were resistant to macrolides. 18% of E. Coli samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones. 18% of E. Coli samples were resistant to fluoroquinolones. Overuse of antibiotics is the likely reason why resistance is increasing, said Dr. David Purow , who reviewed the findings. He’s vice president of medicine and GI endoscopy for the Eastern Market at Northwell Health in Huntington, N.Y. “Bacteria are smart and they can evolve over time,” Purow said in a news release. “That's how resistance develops; multiple different mechanisms view which antimicrobials and bacteria can develop resistance to antibiotics. So, it's basically like anything else: When you start seeing it more and more, you become resistant to it and that's what these bacteria are able to do over time." Researchers also found that where a person picks up a GI bug can determine which antibiotic will work best. For example, about 79% of Shigella cases contracted in South Central Asia were resistant to fluoroquinolones, but 78% of Shigella cases in South America were resistant to macrolides. Both the researchers and Purow said these results indicate that travelers should see a doctor for their diarrhea. Testing can show which antibiotic will work best against the specific bacteria causing their illness. Currently, many travelers bring antibiotics with them and down the drugs at the first sign of diarrhea, “but we don't actually know what they're treating is susceptible to the antibiotics that they're taking,” Purow said. Travelers should instead consider taking over-the-counter diarrhea meds, which might help them enough that they don’t need to resort to antibiotics, Purow said. “Many of these organism bugs will kind of run their course by themselves without necessarily needing treatment,” he said. “However, when people have big trips planned, somebody wants to shorten their symptoms as quickly as they can. So, some of these things can mitigate the symptoms and then people can still enjoy things, but it may not necessarily shorten the duration of symptoms.” Holding off on antibiotics also can help prevent the further increase of resistance, Purow added. “It's important that people be aware that just taking antibiotics without knowing specifically what they're treating can have some ramifications for the global population,” he said. “So just being aware and maybe waiting to take antibiotics until the symptoms are a little bit more severe or significant might be helpful here." Sources JAMA Network Open, Dec. 22, 2025 Northwell Health, news release, Dec. 22, 2025

New Delhi: Drug maker Abbott Healthcare has asked stockists and distributors to stock up medicines only from authorised and genuine suppliers after the government of Puducherry issued an alert regarding the seizure of spurious versions of drugs under the brand names of major pharmaceutical companies , including Torrent Pharmaceuticals , MSD Pharmaceuticals Pvt Ltd, Sanofi India , Dr Reddy's Laboratories , Lupin Ltd , and Sun pharma . In their letter dated December 4, Abbott asked the stockists and distributors to identify genuine products they should investigate security features like QR code and braille tactile writing system. "We would like to assure that all drugs purchased from and supplied by Abbott CFAs are genuine and remain unaffected," the letter said. According to Puducherry Department of Drugs control 34 drug samples purported to be spurious were seized. The list of drugs included widely consumed medicines like anti diabetes drug Janumet, Jalra, anti-allergic Allegra. It also had medicines like Losar, Cardace and antibiotics like Levofloxacin. The drug department on December 1 wrote to the Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) that based on the complaint received from the police, a joint inspection was carried to a godown, and the medicines were seized. The Puducherry government asked the DCGI to alert its staff regarding the circulation of such drugs within other jurisdictions. Following the seizure of drugs, All India Organisation of Chemists and Druggists (AIOCD) issued an advisory asking all trade channels to carry on business only with verified and authorised people and avoid outside channels that operate without identity, licence, or accountability. "This is a serious trade alert. Any deviation from this advisory will be viewed as deliberate involvement in illegal, unethical, and dangerous activities," the letter from the DCGI dated December 3 said. By Teena Thacker ,