The investigators thus propose a comparative effectiveness quality improvement project to evaluate the feasibility of switching from near-exclusive use of isoflurane in adult general surgical patients to Desflurane.

Start Date01 Jul 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

The Cleveland Clinic Foundation

NCT06311604 / Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Evaluation of the Safety of Inhaled Sedation With Isoflurane in Patients With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury

Intensive care management of patient with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) includes deep and prolonged sedation with intravenous hypnotics (propofol, midazolam, ketamine) in combination with opioids to prevent and/or treat episodes of intracranial hypertension. However, some patients may develop tachyphylaxis with a gradual increase of administered intravenous hypnotics and opioids to maintain the same level of sedation. This situation leads to a failure in controlling intracranial pressure (ICP) and/or to the risk of adverse effects due to high-dose sedatives: haemodynamic instability, prolonged mechanical ventilation, neuromyopathy, delirium, withdrawal syndrome.
Halogenated agents (Isoflurane, Sevoflurane) are a class of hypnotics routinely used in the operating room. However, doses used in surgical patients (> 1 Minimal Alveolar Concentration, MAC) are not suitable in neuro-intensive care unit (ICU) patients at risk of intracranial hypertension because of the cerebral vasodilator effects of halogenated agents at this dosage, hence the risk of high ICP and compromised cerebral perfusion pressure.
The use of halogenated agents has been recently possible in the ICU through dedicated medical devices (Sedaconda ACD, Mirus). Recommended dosage are lower in the ICU, i.e. 0.3-0.7 MAC, because of their association with intravenous hypnotics and the absence of surgical stimuli. Several clinical studies in general ICUs showed improved sedation quality, reduced duration of mechanical ventilation, faster arousal and shorter extubation time, and lower costs in halogenated group compared with control group receiving midazolam or propofol. At low doses, the effects on ICP and intracerebral haemodynamics of halogenated agents are minor according to the available literature. In addition, beneficial effects were found on cerebral ischaemic volume in animal models treated with halogenated agents. However, there is a need to explore the benefit-risk ratio of the use of halogenated agents in the severe TBI population.
The investigator hypothesise that 0.7 MAC Isoflurane can be administered in this population without deleterious effect on ICP.

Start Date01 Apr 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator

Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble

NCT05830864 / Not yet recruitingNot ApplicableIIT

Multicenter Retrospective Study of Isoflurane in Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus (I-Seizure)

Isoflurane might be used as anticonvulsive therapy in refractory status epilepticus. The aim of the study is to assess the efficiency of Isoflurane in this indication.

Start Date01 Mar 2024

Sponsor / Collaborator-

100 Clinical Results associated with Isoflurane

100 Translational Medicine associated with Isoflurane

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

12,686

Literatures (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

01 May 2024·Microvascular research

Sedation with propofol and isoflurane differs in terms of microcirculatory parameters: A randomized animal study using dorsal skinfold chamber mouse model

Article

Author: Kwon, Jae-Young ; Cho, Ah-Reum ; Kim, Eunsoo ; Lee, Hyeon Jeong ; Kim, Haekyu ; Kang, Christine

OBJECTIVE:

This study aimed to explore the effects of sedative doses of propofol and isoflurane on microcirculation in septic mice compared to controls. Isoflurane, known for its potential as a sedation drug in bedside applications, lacks clarity regarding its impact on the microcirculation system. The hypothesis was that propofol would exert a more pronounced influence on the microvascular flow index, particularly amplified in septic conditions.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:

Randomized study was conducted from December 2020 to October 2021 involved 60 BALB/c mice, with 52 mice analyzed. Dorsal skinfold chambers were implanted, followed by intraperitoneal injections of either sterile 0.9 % saline or lipopolysaccharide for the control and sepsis groups, respectively. Both groups received propofol or isoflurane treatment for 120 min. Microcirculatory parameters were obtained via incident dark-field microscopy videos, along with the mean blood pressure and heart rate at three time points: before sedation (T0), 30 min after sedation (T30), and 120 min after sedation (T120). Endothelial glycocalyx thickness and syndecan-1 concentration were also analyzed.

RESULTS:

In healthy controls, both anesthetics reduced blood pressure. However, propofol maintained microvascular flow, differing significantly from isoflurane at T120 (propofol, 2.8 ± 0.3 vs. isoflurane, 1.6 ± 0.9; P < 0.001). In the sepsis group, a similar pattern occurred at T120 without statistical significance (propofol, 1.8 ± 1.1 vs. isoflurane, 1.2 ± 0.7; P = 0.023). Syndecan-1 levels did not differ between agents, but glycocalyx thickness index was significantly lower in the isoflurane-sepsis group than propofol (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Propofol potentially offers protective action against microvascular flow deterioration compared to isoflurane, observed in control mice. Furthermore, a lower degree of sepsis-induced glycocalyx degradation was evident with propofol compared to isoflurane.

01 Apr 2024·CNS & neurological disorders drug targets

Anaesthesia-induced Changes in Genomic Expression Leading to Neurodegeneration

Review

Author: Al-Abbasi, Fahad A ; Kazmi, Imran ; Almalki, Waleed Hassan ; Altamimi, Abdulmalik Saleh Alfawaz ; Gupta, Gaurav ; Afzal, Obaid ; Najmi, Asim ; Alharbi, Khalid Saad ; Alzarea, Sami I ; Albratty, Mohammed

Abstract::

General anaesthetics (GA) have been in continuous clinical use for more than 170 years, with millions of young and elderly populations exposed to GA to relieve perioperative discomfort and carry out invasive examinations. Preclinical studies have shown that neonatal rodents with acute and chronic exposure to GA suffer from memory and learning deficits, likely due to an imbalance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders. However, the mechanisms behind anaesthesia-induced alterations in late postnatal mice have yet to be established. In this narrative review, we present the current state of knowledge on early life anaesthesia exposure-mediated alterations of genetic expression, focusing on insights gathered on propofol, ketamine, and isoflurane, as well as the relationship between network effects and subsequent biochemical changes that lead to long-term neurocognitive abnormalities. Our review provides strong evidence and a clear picture of anaesthetic agents' pathological events and associated transcriptional changes, which will provide new insights for researchers to elucidate the core ideas and gain an in-depth understanding of molecular and genetic mechanisms. These findings are also helpful in generating more evidence for understanding the exacerbated neuropathology, impaired cognition, and LTP due to acute and chronic exposure to anaesthetics, which will be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of many diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease. Given the many procedures in medical practice that require continuous or multiple exposures to anaesthetics, our review will provide great insight into the possible adverse impact of these substances on the human brain and cognition.

01 Mar 2024·British journal of anaesthesia

Effects of the orexin receptor 2 agonist danavorexton on emergence from general anaesthesia and opioid-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia in rats and monkeys

Article

Author: Shiraishi, Eri ; Cronican, James ; Kimura, Haruhide ; Suzuki, Motohisa

BACKGROUND:

Delayed emergence from general anaesthesia, opioid-induced sedation, and opioid-induced respiratory depression is associated with perioperative complications. We characterised the preclinical effects of the orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)-selective agonist danavorexton (TAK-925) on emergence from anaesthesia and reversal of fentanyl-induced sedation, respiratory depression, and analgesia.

METHODS:

Emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation were investigated by righting reflex, rotarod, and electroencephalography in rats or monkeys. Fentanyl-induced respiratory depression was assessed by arterial blood gas analysis and whole-body plethysmography in rats and monkeys. Analgesia was evaluated using formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models in rats.

RESULTS:

Danavorexton shortened emergence from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia and from fentanyl-induced sedation at 1 (P=0.005), 3 (P=0.006), and 3 mg kg^-1 s.c. (P=0.022), respectively, by righting reflex in rats. Danavorexton (10 mg kg^-1 s.c.) accelerated recovery from isoflurane-, propofol- and fentanyl-induced motor impairment in separate rotarod tests in rats (P=0.008, P=0.007, P=0.017, respectively), and reversed anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced delta-power increases. Danavorexton shortened emergence (return of righting reflex) from isoflurane- or propofol-induced anaesthesia at 1 (P=0.002) and 3 mg kg^-1 (P=0.004), respectively, in cynomolgus monkeys. Danavorexton (10 mg kg^-1 s.c.) reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco₂ (P=0.006), and decrease in Po₂ (P=0.015) and pH (P<0.001) in rats, and at 3 mg kg^-1 s.c. reversed fentanyl-induced increase in Pco₂ (P=0.007), and decrease in Po₂ (P=0.013) and SO₂ (P=0.036) in monkeys. Danavorexton increased minute volume and tidal volume in fentanyl-treated animals. Danavorexton at ≤10 mg kg^-1 s.c. did not compromise fentanyl analgesia in rat formalin- and skin incision-induced pain models.

CONCLUSIONS:

Danavorexton promoted recovery from anaesthesia and fentanyl-induced sedation, and antagonised fentanyl-induced respiratory depression without compromising fentanyl analgesia.

News (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

29 May 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for its clinical program in the US

STOCKHOLM, May 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 2 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Earlier this spring, Sedana Medical reported the completion of enrolment to the parallel phase III clinical trial INSPiRE-ICU 1. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of INSPiRE-ICU 2 concludes Sedana Medical´s clinical trials in the United States. Running this study together with esteemed clinical investigators from highly ranked academic centers such as Columbia, the Harvard-affiliated medical center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and many others has been very exciting and rewarding. Many investigators from the participating sites have been excited to be part of our pioneering studies. The bedside experience in the studies has generated a lot of interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon," said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "We now enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months are being collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results for the 30-day outcomes in both studies a few months´ apart before the end of this year, and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025." "The inhaled sedative isoflurane, studied in this trial, is a mainstay of general anesthesia during surgery because of its unique and straightforward pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, properties that may potentially also benefit ICU patients. We are very excited to complete enrolment in this trial and eagerly await results evaluating its potential use as a sedative for ventilator-dependent adult ICU patients in the US," said Jeremy Beitler, MD, MPH at Columbia University and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 2 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, stated: "Completing enrolment of our clinical program marks an important milestone on our journey towards making inhaled sedation accessible to intensive care patients in the United States. I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards launching our inhaled therapy on the US market." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

Phase 3

25 Apr 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for INSPiRE-ICU 1 clinical trial in the US

STOCKHOLM, April 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 1 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Concurrently, the identical INSPiRE-ICU 2 trial is nearing completion, with 23 of 235 randomized patients remaining. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study marks a true milestone for Sedana Medical. Launching the randomized controlled multicenter studies across the large and diverse US healthcare landscape, in mixed surgical and medical ICUs with a different staffing and workflow compared to Europe, has been exciting. There is a lot of enthusiasm and interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon", said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "Once the 30-day follow-up of all patients is complete, we will enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months will be collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results in the autumn of this year and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025". "Working on these trials from initial design to implementation and completion has been very rewarding and has brought together many experienced clinical researchers in critical care across the US. We, and the clinicians at the bedside, are eager to see inhaled sedation available also in the US", said Christopher Hughes, Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, expressed gratitude, stating: "I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards making the benefits of inhaled sedation accessible to patients in the United States." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

Phase 3NDA

02 Apr 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions

World's leading provider of veterinary care will be first to introduce innovative in-clinic solution to support sustainability goals BIRMINGHAM, England, April 3, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Mars Veterinary Health, through its UK veterinary group Linnaeus and in partnership with Waltham Petcare Science Institute, today announced a first-of-its-kind partnership with SageTech Veterinary to pilot an innovative anaesthetic gas capture solution to help prevent harmful greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere. During a typical anaesthetic procedure, less than five percent of the volatile anaesthetic agent delivered to a patient is absorbed and metabolised, leaving approximately 95 percent it to be exhaled. Continue Reading Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions SageTech's trusted gas-capture technology—which is currently used in human healthcare—works by capturing the waste anaesthetic agent breathed out during an operation by safely adsorbing it into a specially developed reusable capture canister. These waste anaesthetic agents can then be extracted from the filter, avoiding current routes for disposal of volatile anaesthetic agents of incineration or release into the atmosphere. "As a leading provider of veterinary care, we have a responsibility to take climate action at scale and lead the way toward more sustainable practices," said Ellie West, RCVS and EBVS® European Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, and Linnaeus Environmental Sustainability Lead. "Our innovative collaboration should help us take a significant step forward in our sustainability journey, aimed at contributing to a better future for the planet—and the people and pets who depend on it." A veterinary-industry first, Mars Veterinary Health's one-year pilot will start with 10 Linnaeus primary care and referral veterinary practices in the UK with the aim of reducing anaesthesia-related carbon emissions resulting from release or disposal of these agents and determining the efficiency of capture in its clinics, ultimately supporting its goal of reducing climate-change impacts. Mars Veterinary Health aims to use these learnings to explore the potential application of this technology across other parts of its business in the years to come. "At SageTech Veterinary, we are excited to share our developed technology and work alongside Mars Veterinary Health to significantly reduce the carbon footprint associated with the direct release of waste volatile anaesthetic agents to the environment," said Iain Menneer, CEO of SageTech Medical. "It has been wonderful to work with the Linnaeus and Waltham teams, and we are confident this pilot project will demonstrate to the veterinary profession how such collaborations can be a collective force for good." This industry-first pilot in sustainable veterinary care is consistent with Mars, Incorporated's Net Zero Roadmap, a detailed action plan for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, as well as details on the company's progress and history of working on climate action. Details about Mars, Incorporated's wider sustainability—including climate—work can be found in its Sustainable in a Generation Scorecard. About Mars Veterinary Health Mars Veterinary Health is a global division of Mars Petcare dedicated to delivering high-quality pet healthcare to further its collective Purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Mars Veterinary Health's 70,000 Associates across 3,000 global veterinary clinics put pets, people, and the planet first. The Mars Veterinary Health family includes Associates at AniCura, Banfield, BluePearl, Creature Comforts, Gentle Oak, Hillside, Linnaeus, Mount Pleasant, Tai Wai, VCA, VES, and VSH who demonstrate compassion and expertise while enabling 35 million pet visits each year. Learn more at marsveterinary.com. About Linnaeus Part of Mars Veterinary Health, Linnaeus is a highly respected community of more than 50 primary care and 17 referral veterinary practices based in the UK. Linnaeus employs over 6,000 pet-loving Associates with some of the country's finest vet and nursing teams who together are committed to excellence and delivering high-quality care to patients. Learn more at linnaeusgroup.co.uk. About Mars Science & Diagnostics Mars Science & Diagnostics is a division of Mars Petcare, a diverse business dedicated to one purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Science & Diagnostics brings together the power of leading pet health science with expertise across diagnostics, data, and technology to improve outcomes in pet health. Antech, our global veterinary diagnostics business, spans in-house diagnostic laboratory instruments and consumables, including rapid assay diagnostic products and digital cytology services; local and cloud-based data services; practice information management software; reference laboratories; veterinary imaging and technology; education; and telemedicine with board-certified specialist support services. Our at-home diagnostics offering includes Wisdom Panel, the world's most accurate pet DNA test. For 60 years, our Waltham Petcare Science Institute has been advancing science to better understand pet health. About SageTech Veterinary The manufacture of virgin anaesthetic agents and their release as waste volatile gases is highly damaging to the environment and contributes significantly to the total carbon footprint of healthcare. SageTech Veterinary is part of SageTech Medical, a medical device and pharmaceutical company focused on the research, design, manufacture, and distribution of technologies for the capture and recycling of waste volatile anaesthetic agents in human and animal healthcare. Their unique circular economy solution safely captures volatile anaesthetic agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane) through actively controlled adsorption onto a reusable capture canister. Learn more at sagetechveterinary.com. Photo - SOURCE Mars PetCare

100 Deals associated with Isoflurane

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00545	Isoflurane	N01AB06	DB00753

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

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Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Anesthesia	US	Baxter Healthcare Corp.	18 Dec 1979

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

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Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT03882788 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Heart Defects, Congenital \| Maternal anesthesia and analgesia affecting fetus or newborn \| Neurodevelopmental Disorders	153	Fentanyl (high dose) (Narcotic Based Anesthesia)	gykibcaxfh(xdquelfuco) = tsxiovcqtn nkegfrolsz (ajlxoezovg, ovgwenocni - pmxyfkdvmv) View more	-	09 May 2022
				Fentanyl (low dose)+Isoflurane (Volatile Anesthesia)	gykibcaxfh(xdquelfuco) = mjzmqzhusg nkegfrolsz (ajlxoezovg, yhkcqlkqzt - jgmkqoivsf) View more
EUCTR2016-004551-67-SI (Pubmed \| Lancet Respir Med)	Phase 3	-	338	Isoflurane via the Sedaconda anaesthetic conserving device	vfbhuvemnp(fckllnzdda) = five [3%] vs four [3%] rwwisxiqgc (ojicbailhx ) View more	Positive	26 Aug 2021
				Propofol
NCT05830864 (Pubmed \| Neurocrit Care)	Not Applicable	Status Epilepticus	45	Isoflurane	imjrypyxzn(zyoavdmlik) = aigbnvnhxo ohavlbwgfa (rjaxywbvoy )	-	20 Jul 2021
ESC2020	Not Applicable	Shock, Cardiogenic	32	Isoflurane sedation	cjkeamskna(mjkkgczcnq) = viycreuycy xrlawensmx (oyyxwrwqlz ) View more	-	28 Aug 2020
				Intravenous sedation	cjkeamskna(mjkkgczcnq) = vzsgrxflyu xrlawensmx (oyyxwrwqlz ) View more
NCT02111447 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Emergence Delirium	6	Propofol (Sevoflurane, Propofol, Nasal Oxygen)	mxtvsnyrob(hbffzupbdm) = vueallzibn zmfjjduluv (ajzyofnihm, zydkhzraui - wyvqvafxqd) View more	-	23 Jul 2019
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane, Sevoflurane, LMA)	mxtvsnyrob(hbffzupbdm) = pqlyhnbtrk zmfjjduluv (ajzyofnihm, eolvigwkwh - fhyueuobva) View more
NCT02925611 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Emergence Delirium	60	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	wlqdeyfbix(zhnrfubfnb) = xmmvjpubdy rranzkvekf (dtpmxvjozu, rfourovzzm - pndglcjgwe) View more	-	19 Jun 2019
				DESFLURANE (Desflurane)	wlqdeyfbix(zhnrfubfnb) = qgroivodrf rranzkvekf (dtpmxvjozu, gkjjeraibp - owfopjchfo) View more
NCT02726620 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Hypotension	22,435	Central neuraxial anesthesia+Glycopyrrolate+dopamine+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+bupivacaine+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+atropine+Ephedrine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+levobupivacaine+Milrinone+phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Usual Care Group)	wbpwxrtqth(bmdfpbnujw) = nwbkbkltpc yyrztroael (tcdozxjbzz, btzoqwrxtp - swaztfyjne) View more	-	16 May 2019
				Central neuraxial anesthesia+Glycopyrrolate+dopamine+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+bupivacaine+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+atropine+Ephedrine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+levobupivacaine+Milrinone+phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Hypotension Decision Support)	wbpwxrtqth(bmdfpbnujw) = qnrdtaorry yyrztroael (tcdozxjbzz, jfhxpyqnaq - znharbudzr) View more
NCT02512809 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Neuroinflammation \| Toxicity \| Hydrocephalus	25	isoflurane	tontvuxeoc(cqporynqjv) = lseutpkdve tjsagphyku (vbclnoigbf, zenmiewylo - hcgmuidmub) View more	-	13 Dec 2018
NCT01819012 (Pubmed \| Eur Spine J)	Not Applicable	-	20	Isoflurane	xnyadqhyfa(xcxbbxnglf) = mbukovbpug cctiqekfkb (sekkksimel, 8.8 - 12.2)	-	22 Jan 2018
NCT01379664 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	-	1,584	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	rzbkuidpky(vgdkbauhlo) = ywboypunhj vmnxvkirtu (hydzkzrdjg, cxicsbrhkt - gcljlhpjto) View more	-	10 Apr 2017
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane)	rzbkuidpky(vgdkbauhlo) = usyhhafbtr vmnxvkirtu (hydzkzrdjg, quzazexupd - ixhoqaooqm) View more

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