ATP2C1 blockers(ATPase secretory pathway Ca2+ transporting 1 blockers), GABRA1 agonists(gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha1 agonists), GLRA1 agonists(glycine receptor alpha 1 agonists)

Therapeutic Areas

Other Diseases

Active Indication

Anesthesia

Inactive Indication-

Originator Organization

Baxter Healthcare Corp.

Active Organization

Hebei Yipin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Baxter Healthcare Corp.

Inactive Organization

Yichang Humanwell Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.

License Organization-

Drug Highest PhaseApproved

First Approval Date

United States (18 Dec 1979),

Anesthesia

RegulationFast Track (United States)

Structure/Sequence

Molecular FormulaC3H2ClF5O

InChIKeyPIWKPBJCKXDKJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N

CAS Registry26675-46-7

157

Clinical Trials associated with Isoflurane

NCT07099014

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 3IIT

Inhaled Isoflurane for Sedation of Invasively Ventilated Patients With Cardiogenic Shock on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Midazolam and propofol are the most used intravenous (IV) sedative agents, but their use is associated with well-known adverse effects such as accumulation, myotoxicity, tachyphylaxis, and unpredictable wake-up time.
For benzodiazepines, an increased tolerance, possible accumulation after long-term use, and an increased risk of acute withdrawal syndrome are reported. In patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) for cardiogenic shock, the negative hemodynamic effects of these drugs are a particular matter of concern. Besides the extracorporeal circuit itself may affect the pharmacokinetics of these IV sedatives. Indeed, drug sequestration in ECMO circuits is a well-known phenomenon influenced by drug chemo-physical properties. Given the large surface area of tubing and membrane, considerable quantities of drugs used in ECMO patients may be sequestered over a period, resulting in a significant increase in their volume of distribution. Similarly, frequent hemodilution and organ dysfunction would also contribute to an increase in the volume of distribution.
Propofol, which is lipophilic is significantly sequestrated in the circuit. Consequently, it is commonly observed that patients receiving ECMO have substantially higher sedative and analgesic drug requirements than patients without ECMO.
To date, there is no ideal concept for analgesia and sedation of patients on ECMO in the ICU.
A drug that sedates effectively but with minimal residual sedation after the end of the administration and without the aforementioned drawbacks of the current agents would be valuable.
Interestingly, a recent randomized controlled non-inferiority trial that randomized 338 patients showed that, compared with propofol, sedation with inhaled anaesthetics was non-inferior. Sedation with inhaled anaesthetics resulted in a higher rate of spontaneous breathing and a shorter wake-up time after 48h of sedation. Indeed, inhaled sedation, which has been associated with reduced opioid consumption and less delirium in ICU patients, is a promising alternative to IV sedation. Moreover, inhaled anaesthetics might be associated with less myocardial injury and lower doses of inotropic support in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, to date, the experience with volatile agents remains limited in patients on ECMO.
We hypothesized that the use of inhaled isoflurane with the Sedaconda anaesthetics conserving device (ACD) in cardiogenic shock patients on ECMO will reduce the mortality and increase the number of ventilation-free days at day 28 following ECMO onset compared to usual IV sedation by propofol and/or midazolam.

Start Date15 Sep 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris SA

NCT07152912

/ RecruitingNot ApplicableIIT

A Comparative Study Between the Impact of Isoflurane and Sevoflurane on Oxidative Stress in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

The primary aim of this work is to assess the impact of exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane as an inhalation anesthetic on the oxidative stress and inflammatory conditions in patients undergoing elective moderate invasive surgery (laparoscopic cholecystectomy).

Start Date04 Sep 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Ain Shams University

NCT07000526

/ Not yet recruitingPhase 4IIT

Inhaled Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: a Multicentre Randomized Clinical Trial

The proposal of this study is to compare inhaled sedation with isoflurane administered via the Sedaconda ACD-S system with intravenous sedation with propofol. Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either inhaled sedation with isoflurane administered via the Sedaconda ACD device (Sedana Medical, Uppsala, Sweden) or intravenous propofol. The primary endpoint is the number of ventilator-free days at 28 days after randomization.

Start Date01 Jul 2025

Sponsor / Collaborator

Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario La Paz

[+1]

100 Clinical Results associated with Isoflurane

100 Translational Medicine associated with Isoflurane

100 Patents (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

14,668

Literatures (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

01 Feb 2026·EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY

Cullin-1 silencing ameliorates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment via inhibition of PHLPP1 degradation in adult mice

Article

Author: Ma, Zhengliang ; Liu, Binwen ; Gu, Xiaoping ; Qian, Yue ; Ye, Chang ; Huang, Yulin ; Xia, Tianjiao ; Chen, Chaochao ; Peng, Liangyu

Long-term or repeated anesthesia has been shown to potentially contribute to cognitive dysfunction. Existing animal studies have demonstrated that long-term anesthesia using inhaled anesthetics, such as isoflurane, may impact cognitive performance via mechanisms involving neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity, and dysregulation of protein degradation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction remain inadequately understood. Here, through bioinformatics analyses, we have established the association between ubiquitin ligase Cullin-1 and cognitive impairment, and innovatively explored the molecular mechanism of Cullin-1 in anesthesia-related cognitive dysfunction via protein degradation regulation. By Y-maze and fear conditioning experiments, we observed that long-term isoflurane-anesthesia (1.5 % isoflurane for 6 h) impaired cognitive performance, and increased expression of Cullin-1 in mice. Injection of siRNA targeting Cullin-1 into lateral ventricle effectively mitigated cognitive impairments. In vitro cell experiments, we found that overexpression of Cullin-1 promote the degradation of PHLPP1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. In mice, co-injection of PHLPP1 siRNA prevented the therapeutic effects of Cullin-1 siRNA on long-term anesthesia induced cognitive dysfunction indicating that Cullin-1 siRNA ameliorates cognitive impairments through the stabilization of PHLPP1. Our studies provided a novel theoretical foundation and potential intervention strategies for prevention and mitigation of anesthesia-related cognitive impairment in future clinical management.

31 Dec 2025·ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Article

Author: Sun, Xiao-Yu ; Wu, Tong ; Gao, Can ; Hao, Jing-Ru ; Tong, Kun ; Cao, Jing ; Sun, Nan

BACKGROUND:

Clinical observations have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression is reduced in patients with impaired cognitive function after anaesthesia and surgery. Abnormal epigenetic changes may contribute to this condition. The role of the GABAergic system, which is crucial in anaesthetic mechanisms and cognitive function, requires further investigation to determine whether it affects BDNF epigenetic regulation and cognitive outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Experiments employed a mouse model perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) that comprised laparotomy under isoflurane inhalation anaesthesia. Mice were subjected to behavioural assessments, including the Y-maze and novel object recognition tests for cognitive function and molecular analyses (quantitative polymerase chain reaction, qPCR) and methylation-specific PCR to assess BDNF expression and epigenetic modifications. GABA_B receptor deactivation was induced by a selective antagonist and changes in BDNF expression and gene methylation were measured.

RESULTS:

Aged mice in the PND model had reduced BDNF expression in hippocampal neurons. BDNF protein reduction was linked to increased methylation of the Bdnf gene, initiated by GABA_B receptor activation and hyperphosphorylation of downstream signalling proteins. Furthermore, BDNF overexpression experiments demonstrated a partial reversal of cognitive impairment in mice, supporting a causal role for BDNF methylation in PND.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study emphasizes the vital interaction between the GABAergic system and the epigenetic control of Bdnf, shedding light on the mechanisms underlying anaesthesia-related cognitive impairment. Our findings suggest that inhibition of GABA_B receptor activation to reverse BDNF hypermethylation may represent a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating PND.

31 Dec 2025·ANNALS OF MEDICINE

Vasoactive intestinal peptide reduces ocular hypertension by regulating tight junction of trabecular meshwork through Rab13/PKA signalling complex

Article

Author: Luo, Zhaoxia ; Chen, Liwen ; Cheng, Yang ; Yan, Xiaoqin ; Li, Mu

BACKGROUND:

Schlemm's canal and trabecular meshwork (TM) are conventional outflow pathway of aqueous humour, which play an important role in maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP) homeostasis. Our previous research has implied that vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) reduces high IOP by regulating the distribution of F-actin in the endothelial cells of Schlemm's canal. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which VIP affects tight junction (TJ) of TM.

METHODS:

Burning three episcleral veins in the eye of rats and pressure-stimulating human trabecular meshwork cells (HTMCs) were respectively employed to establish high IOP animal and cell models. The IOP of the rats was measured by TonoLab during the period of 1-2 min after isoflurane anaesthesia at 10:00 to 11:00 a.m. on the measurement day. The tissue density of TM was observed by haematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blotting, qRT-PCR, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess the levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, Rab13 and PKA in TM tissue or cells.

RESULTS:

The expression of TJ-related proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-1 increased significantly in high IOP rat models and pressure-stimulated HTMCs. Furthermore, both VIP and the overexpression of Rab13 reduced the expression of TJ-related proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-1 in pressure-stimulated HTMCs. However, the knockdown of Rab13 reversed the effect of VIP on TJ in vitro. In high IOP rat models, VIP reduced the expression of TJ-related proteins ZO-1 and Claudin-1 and the tissue density of TM, thereby reducing ocular hypertension.

CONCLUSIONS:

VIP inhibited TJ of TM cells by regulating the Rab13-PKA signalling complex, leading to the reduction of ocular hypertension in rats. This study provides new sights for the treatment of ocular hypertension.

News (Medical) associated with Isoflurane

29 May 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for its clinical program in the US

STOCKHOLM, May 29, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 2 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Earlier this spring, Sedana Medical reported the completion of enrolment to the parallel phase III clinical trial INSPiRE-ICU 1. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of INSPiRE-ICU 2 concludes Sedana Medical´s clinical trials in the United States. Running this study together with esteemed clinical investigators from highly ranked academic centers such as Columbia, the Harvard-affiliated medical center Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and many others has been very exciting and rewarding. Many investigators from the participating sites have been excited to be part of our pioneering studies. The bedside experience in the studies has generated a lot of interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon," said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "We now enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months are being collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results for the 30-day outcomes in both studies a few months´ apart before the end of this year, and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025." "The inhaled sedative isoflurane, studied in this trial, is a mainstay of general anesthesia during surgery because of its unique and straightforward pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile, properties that may potentially also benefit ICU patients. We are very excited to complete enrolment in this trial and eagerly await results evaluating its potential use as a sedative for ventilator-dependent adult ICU patients in the US," said Jeremy Beitler, MD, MPH at Columbia University and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 2 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, stated: "Completing enrolment of our clinical program marks an important milestone on our journey towards making inhaled sedation accessible to intensive care patients in the United States. I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards launching our inhaled therapy on the US market." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

Phase 3

25 Apr 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Sedana Medical completes patient recruitment for INSPiRE-ICU 1 clinical trial in the US

STOCKHOLM, April 25, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Sedana Medical AB (publ) announces that all 235 randomized patients have been recruited for its INSPiRE-ICU 1 phase III clinical trial in the United States. Concurrently, the identical INSPiRE-ICU 2 trial is nearing completion, with 23 of 235 randomized patients remaining. The company anticipates topline results from both trials in the second half of 2024, with a planned New Drug Application (NDA) submission in the first quarter of 2025. "The completion of the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study marks a true milestone for Sedana Medical. Launching the randomized controlled multicenter studies across the large and diverse US healthcare landscape, in mixed surgical and medical ICUs with a different staffing and workflow compared to Europe, has been exciting. There is a lot of enthusiasm and interest in using inhaled sedation in US practice, which we hope will be possible soon", said Peter Sackey, Chief Medical Officer of Sedana Medical. Peter Sackey further elaborated: "Once the 30-day follow-up of all patients is complete, we will enter into an intense phase of final monitoring, data cleaning and transfer to our statistician team for analysis. In parallel, the long-term outcomes at 3 and 6 months will be collected centrally by the Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship team at Vanderbilt Medical Center. With this parallel approach, we expect topline results in the autumn of this year and a swift regulatory submission in Q1, 2025". "Working on these trials from initial design to implementation and completion has been very rewarding and has brought together many experienced clinical researchers in critical care across the US. We, and the clinicians at the bedside, are eager to see inhaled sedation available also in the US", said Christopher Hughes, Professor of Anesthesiology at Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Senior Lead Investigator for the INSPiRE-ICU 1 study. Johannes Doll, President and CEO of Sedana Medical, expressed gratitude, stating: "I would like to sincerely thank all our clinical trial sites, partners, and the Sedana Medical team for this significant achievement. It makes me very proud that we have been able to convene this exceptional group of intensive care teams from some of the most prominent US hospitals. Their advice and support will be invaluable as we work towards making the benefits of inhaled sedation accessible to patients in the United States." INSPiRE-ICU 1 and 2 are two identical randomized phase III trials, aiming to confirm the efficacy and safety for sedation with isoflurane delivered via Sedana Medical's unique medical device Sedaconda ACD. The primary endpoint is the proportion of time spent at adequate depth of sedation, compared with intravenous sedation using propofol. In addition, several important secondary endpoints are being studied, including opioid use, time to wake-up, cognitive recovery and spontaneous breathing. The first patient was included in April 2022, and 31 highly reputed clinics in the United States are involved in the two trials. The design of the US studies is similar to the Sedaconda study (SED001) successfully performed in Europe in 2017–2019, which resulted in market approval in 2021. For additional information, please contact: Johannes Doll, CEO, +46 (0)76 303 66 66 Johan Spetz, CFO, +46 (0)730 36 37 89 [email protected] About Sedana Medical Sedana Medical AB (publ) is a pioneer medtech and pharmaceutical company focused on inhaled sedation to improve the patient's life during and beyond sedation. Through the combined strengths of the medical device Sedaconda ACD and the pharmaceutical Sedaconda (isoflurane), Sedana Medical provides inhaled sedation for mechanically ventilated patients in intensive care. Sedana Medical has direct sales in Benelux, France, Germany, Great Britain, the Nordics, and Spain. In other parts of Europe as well as in Asia, Australia, Canada, and South- and Central America, the company works with external distributors. Sedana Medical was founded in 2005, is listed on Nasdaq Stockholm (SEDANA) and headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. This information was brought to you by Cision The following files are available for download:

Phase 3NDA

02 Apr 2024

·www.prnewswire.com

Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions

World's leading provider of veterinary care will be first to introduce innovative in-clinic solution to support sustainability goals BIRMINGHAM, England, April 3, 2024 /PRNewswire/ -- Mars Veterinary Health, through its UK veterinary group Linnaeus and in partnership with Waltham Petcare Science Institute, today announced a first-of-its-kind partnership with SageTech Veterinary to pilot an innovative anaesthetic gas capture solution to help prevent harmful greenhouse gases from entering the atmosphere. During a typical anaesthetic procedure, less than five percent of the volatile anaesthetic agent delivered to a patient is absorbed and metabolised, leaving approximately 95 percent it to be exhaled. Continue Reading Mars Veterinary Health pilots industry-leading anaesthetic gas capture technology to reduce carbon emissions SageTech's trusted gas-capture technology—which is currently used in human healthcare—works by capturing the waste anaesthetic agent breathed out during an operation by safely adsorbing it into a specially developed reusable capture canister. These waste anaesthetic agents can then be extracted from the filter, avoiding current routes for disposal of volatile anaesthetic agents of incineration or release into the atmosphere. "As a leading provider of veterinary care, we have a responsibility to take climate action at scale and lead the way toward more sustainable practices," said Ellie West, RCVS and EBVS® European Specialist in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, and Linnaeus Environmental Sustainability Lead. "Our innovative collaboration should help us take a significant step forward in our sustainability journey, aimed at contributing to a better future for the planet—and the people and pets who depend on it." A veterinary-industry first, Mars Veterinary Health's one-year pilot will start with 10 Linnaeus primary care and referral veterinary practices in the UK with the aim of reducing anaesthesia-related carbon emissions resulting from release or disposal of these agents and determining the efficiency of capture in its clinics, ultimately supporting its goal of reducing climate-change impacts. Mars Veterinary Health aims to use these learnings to explore the potential application of this technology across other parts of its business in the years to come. "At SageTech Veterinary, we are excited to share our developed technology and work alongside Mars Veterinary Health to significantly reduce the carbon footprint associated with the direct release of waste volatile anaesthetic agents to the environment," said Iain Menneer, CEO of SageTech Medical. "It has been wonderful to work with the Linnaeus and Waltham teams, and we are confident this pilot project will demonstrate to the veterinary profession how such collaborations can be a collective force for good." This industry-first pilot in sustainable veterinary care is consistent with Mars, Incorporated's Net Zero Roadmap, a detailed action plan for achieving net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, as well as details on the company's progress and history of working on climate action. Details about Mars, Incorporated's wider sustainability—including climate—work can be found in its Sustainable in a Generation Scorecard. About Mars Veterinary Health Mars Veterinary Health is a global division of Mars Petcare dedicated to delivering high-quality pet healthcare to further its collective Purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Mars Veterinary Health's 70,000 Associates across 3,000 global veterinary clinics put pets, people, and the planet first. The Mars Veterinary Health family includes Associates at AniCura, Banfield, BluePearl, Creature Comforts, Gentle Oak, Hillside, Linnaeus, Mount Pleasant, Tai Wai, VCA, VES, and VSH who demonstrate compassion and expertise while enabling 35 million pet visits each year. Learn more at marsveterinary.com. About Linnaeus Part of Mars Veterinary Health, Linnaeus is a highly respected community of more than 50 primary care and 17 referral veterinary practices based in the UK. Linnaeus employs over 6,000 pet-loving Associates with some of the country's finest vet and nursing teams who together are committed to excellence and delivering high-quality care to patients. Learn more at linnaeusgroup.co.uk. About Mars Science & Diagnostics Mars Science & Diagnostics is a division of Mars Petcare, a diverse business dedicated to one purpose: A BETTER WORLD FOR PETS™. Science & Diagnostics brings together the power of leading pet health science with expertise across diagnostics, data, and technology to improve outcomes in pet health. Antech, our global veterinary diagnostics business, spans in-house diagnostic laboratory instruments and consumables, including rapid assay diagnostic products and digital cytology services; local and cloud-based data services; practice information management software; reference laboratories; veterinary imaging and technology; education; and telemedicine with board-certified specialist support services. Our at-home diagnostics offering includes Wisdom Panel, the world's most accurate pet DNA test. For 60 years, our Waltham Petcare Science Institute has been advancing science to better understand pet health. About SageTech Veterinary The manufacture of virgin anaesthetic agents and their release as waste volatile gases is highly damaging to the environment and contributes significantly to the total carbon footprint of healthcare. SageTech Veterinary is part of SageTech Medical, a medical device and pharmaceutical company focused on the research, design, manufacture, and distribution of technologies for the capture and recycling of waste volatile anaesthetic agents in human and animal healthcare. Their unique circular economy solution safely captures volatile anaesthetic agents (sevoflurane, isoflurane, desflurane) through actively controlled adsorption onto a reusable capture canister. Learn more at sagetechveterinary.com. Photo - SOURCE Mars PetCare

100 Deals associated with Isoflurane

External Link

KEGG	Wiki	ATC	Drug Bank
D00545	Isoflurane	N01AB06	DB00753

R&D Status

10 top approved records.

to view more data

Indication	Country/Location	Organization	Date
Anesthesia	United States	Baxter Healthcare Corp.	18 Dec 1979

Clinical Result

Indication

Phase

Evaluation

View All Results

Study	Phase	Population	Analyzed Enrollment	Group	Results	Evaluation	Publication Date


NCT04684238 (["IsoCOMFORT"] \| IsoCOMFORT, CTgov)	Phase 3	Sedation	94	Midazolam (Drug: Midazolam)	flainxvfzx(urpmjizksd) = ycdqtzewpc zcvwajbuet (azkteaabwg, vfdyknsfdf - fuwsmfiwtv) View more	-	25 May 2025
				Isoflurane (Drug: Isoflurane)	flainxvfzx(urpmjizksd) = eexgjzomvh zcvwajbuet (azkteaabwg, newvsqldfe - xbvhafbmio) View more
NCT03882788 (NDO, CTgov)	Not Applicable	Heart Defects, Congenital \| Maternal anesthesia and analgesia affecting fetus or newborn \| Neurodevelopmental Disorders	153	Fentanyl (Narcotic Based Anesthesia)	qfonyvcefd(etpgwksfdj) = wbpzmpyhjg qnwsenmnml (cgrfoutkjp, 10) View more	-	09 May 2022
				Fentanyl+Isoflurane (Volatile Anesthesia)	qfonyvcefd(etpgwksfdj) = effsmvufmu qnwsenmnml (cgrfoutkjp, 15) View more
EUCTR2016-004551-67-SI (Pubmed \| Lancet Respir Med)	Phase 3	-	338	Isoflurane via the Sedaconda anaesthetic conserving device	anqubsexdq(tbxsuasoid) = five [3%] vs four [3%] aykuoostom (fsrzcrapqz ) View more	Positive	26 Aug 2021
				Propofol
NCT05830864 (Pubmed \| Neurocrit Care)	Not Applicable	Status Epilepticus	45	Isoflurane	wfuxqkdxho(ofjpjuvgxs) = cawbarnobm zanylqhtrb (ckukidmcfr )	-	20 Jul 2021
NCT02111447 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Emergence Delirium	6	propofol (Sevoflurane, Propofol, Nasal Oxygen)	mehajscrzg = fevsfntdji ifrplahszj (uxrjalcfat, smkdnfkuub - jmdgiuvgxl) View more	-	23 Jul 2019
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane, Sevoflurane, LMA)	mehajscrzg = uazldggdab ifrplahszj (uxrjalcfat, hihlptgplr - jkryftzbdk) View more
NCT02925611 (CTgov)	Phase 4	Emergence Delirium	60	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	ibwvlzqsyv(ovfdgcpiwr) = wdqygazsjz yvifhwmuwu (luusnvfpsw, qzsgtlqsnt - uthynbocds) View more	-	19 Jun 2019
				desflurane (Desflurane)	ibwvlzqsyv(ovfdgcpiwr) = mnyiheqvqw yvifhwmuwu (luusnvfpsw, qzeqdpjfjb - nxzuzybigk) View more
NCT02726620 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	Hypotension	22,435	Central neuraxial anesthesia+Dopamine+Glycopyrrolate+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+desflurane+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+Atropine+Ephedrine+Bupivacaine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+Norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+Levobupivacaine+Milrinone+Phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+Lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Usual Care Group)	crbvwybvzc = zqjudwegeb gdgzfxmwwx (eflcgubsbt, nrntwrgfdq - kpuloyzugj) View more	-	16 May 2019
				Central neuraxial anesthesia+Dopamine+Glycopyrrolate+Hydroxyethyl starch solutions+Epinephrine+Desflurane+Sodium Chloride 0.9%+propofol+Atropine+Ephedrine+Bupivacaine+Isoflurane+Dobutamine+Vasopressin+Isoproterenol+Norepinephrine+Prilocaine+Benzocaine+Procaine+Terlipressin+Tetracaine+ropivacaine+Articaine+Levobupivacaine+Milrinone+Phenylephrine+Sevoflurane+Mepivacaine+Lidocaine+Chloroprocaine (Hypotension Decision Support)	crbvwybvzc = pmrmuttxqj gdgzfxmwwx (eflcgubsbt, vgurkspanp - fyuwljqkyj) View more
NCT02512809 (CTgov)	Phase 3	Toxicity \| Neuroinflammation \| Hydrocephalus	25	isoflurane	ziapavixqi(xbrhkqfevo) = kjmgrkqmbv tntswfqopf (ugetyzqjmw, 9.01) View more	-	13 Dec 2018
NCT01819012 (Pubmed \| J Korean Med Sci)	Not Applicable	-	20	Isoflurane	ptmrjfqxmu(otvgpdheib) = jrfpmutjur ytbzjzyqih (czpfnquofe, 8.8 - 12.2)	-	22 Jan 2018
NCT01379664 (CTgov)	Not Applicable	-	1,584	Isoflurane (Isoflurane)	ngxfmqubki(lrltoxmrmr) = mkbpkrrfyz iocejrfcwx (bimuzxthst, ukjwglswyb - uewhkxwpkb) View more	-	10 Apr 2017
				Sevoflurane (Sevoflurane)	ngxfmqubki(lrltoxmrmr) = kkbjcwwaxb iocejrfcwx (bimuzxthst, uwxlivlkxp - haqrnqdxic) View more

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